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Title:Hudodelske združbe : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Bošnik, Anja (Author)
ID Šepec, Miha (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Bosnik_Anja_2024.pdf (3,04 MB)
MD5: 4D04D267F2F1D351EA02EC3CA50ECD54
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Hudodelska združba predstavlja najhujšo obliko udeležbe več ljudi pri izvrševanju kaznivega dejanja. Kazenski zakonik (v nadaljevanju: KZ-1) uporablja splošen izraz združba in ne opredeljuje različnih modalitet hudodelskih združb. Hudodelska združba se v KZ-1 pojavlja v splošnem delu KZ-1, in sicer v 41. členu, kjer je opredeljena odgovornost članov in vodij hudodelskih družb. Izraz se pojavi tudi pri številnih kaznivih dejanjih (npr. kaznivo dejanje terorizma po šestem odstavku 108. člena KZ-1; trgovine z ljudmi po petem odstavku 113. člena KZ-1), kjer izvršitev kaznivega dejanja v hudodelski združbi predstavlja kvalifikatorni element glede na temeljno obliko kaznivega dejanja. Na zadnje je v poglavje kaznivih dejanj zoper javni red in mir, v 294. člen uvrščeno kaznivo dejanje hudodelskega združevanja, ki določa kaznivost ustanovitve in vodenja hudodelske združbe kot tudi samo sodelovanje v hudodelski združbi. Hudodelsko združbo opredelimo kot skupino najmanj treh oseb, med katerimi obstaja dogovor o hudodelskih ciljih skupnega delovanja, pri čemer mora pri vsakem posamezniku obstajati zavest in volja glede skupnega delovanja ter naklep glede kaznivih dejanj, ki jih nameravajo skupaj izvršiti. Zakonsko dikcijo pa dopolnjuje tudi sodna praksa. Temeljna inkriminacija je ustanavljanje hudodelskih združb in članstvo v njih. Tako KZ-1 v 294. členu vsebuje kaznivo dejanje hudodelskega združevanja. Kdor sodeluje v hudodelski združbi, ki ima namen storiti kaznivo dejanje, za katero je zagrožena zaporna kazen vsaj treh let ali dosmrtnega zapora, se kaznuje z zaporom od treh mesecev do pet let. Drugi odstavek pa je namenjen ustanovitelju oziroma vodji hudodelske združbe, ki se kaznuje z zaporom od šestih mesecev do osmih let. V tretjem odstavku 294. člena je vsebovan institut skesanca, s katerim zakonodajalec spodbuja storilca kaznivega dejanja hudodelskega združevanja, da prepreči nadaljnje opravljanje kaznivih dejanj ali razkrije podatke, pomembne za preiskavo ali dokazovanje že storjenih kaznivih dejanj. Nekatera kazniva dejanja, opredeljena v KZ-1, vsebujejo kvalificirano obliko izvršitve, ki je podana, če je kaznivo dejanje izvršeno v hudodelski združbi. Prvi odstavek 41. člena KZ-1 določa pogoje, ki morajo biti izpolnjeni, da posameznik odgovarja za tako kvalificirano obliko kaznivega dejanja. Drugi odstavek 41. člena KZ-1 pa ureja posebno obliko sodelovanja pri kaznivem dejanju. Kazenska odgovornost je v demokratičnemu sistemu individualna in utemeljena na krivdi vsakega posameznika. Hudodelska združba v kazenskem pravu tako ne nastopa kot celota, pač pa nastopata v kazenski zakonodaji dve enoti, organizator hudodelske združbe in član hudodelske združbe. Ključno se je opredeliti tudi do pravne podlage za odvzem protipravno pridobljene premoženjske koristi, saj je ravno premoženjska korist eden izmed glavnih motivatorjev hudodelskih združb. Hudodelska združba ni pravna oseba, zato odvzema protipravno pridobljene premoženjske koristi hudodelski združbi ne moremo podvreči določbi o odvzemu po 77. členu KZ-1. KZ-1 zato vsebuje določbo 77.a člena, ki omogoča odvzem protipravno pridobljene premoženjske koristi hudodelski združbi.
Keywords:kaznivo dejanje, organiziran kriminal, hudodelstvo, združevanje, protipravnost, vodja, člani, posredno storilstvo, hudodelska združba
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:A. Bošnik
Year of publishing:2024
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (62 str.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-90699 New window
UDC:343.974(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:220050179 New window
Publication date in DKUM:20.12.2024
Views:0
Downloads:70
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
:
BOŠNIK, Anja, 2024, Hudodelske združbe : magistrsko delo [online]. Master’s thesis. Maribor : A. Bošnik. [Accessed 23 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=90699
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License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:16.09.2024

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Criminal organisations
Abstract:A criminal association is the most serious form of participation by several people in committing a criminal offence. The Criminal Code (hereinafter: "KZ-1") uses the general term "association" and does not define the different modalities of criminal associations. The criminal association is mentioned in the general part of the Criminal Code, in Article 41, which defines the liability of members and leaders of criminal associations. The term also appears in a number of criminal offences (e.g. the offence of terrorism under Article 108(6) of KZ-1; trafficking in human beings under Article 113(5) of KZ-1), where the commission of the offence in a criminal association constitutes a qualifying element with respect to the basic form of the offence. Lastly, the offence of criminal association is included in the chapter of offences against public order, in Article 294, which criminalises the establishment and management of a criminal association, as well as participation in a criminal association itself. A criminal association is defined as a group of at least three persons between whom there is an agreement on the criminal objectives of acting together, and each individual must have the knowledge and the will to act together and the intent to commit the offences they intend to commit together. The statutory diction is complemented by case law. The basic incrimination is the formation and membership of criminal associations. Article 294 of KZ-1 thus creates the offence of criminal association. Anyone who participates in a criminal association with intent to commit a criminal offence punishable by a term of imprisonment of at least three years or life imprisonment is punishable by a term of imprisonment of between three months and five years. The second paragraph is aimed at the founder or leader of the criminal association, who is punishable by imprisonment from six months to eight years. Article 294(3) contains the institution of repentance, whereby the legislator encourages the perpetrator of the offence of criminal association to prevent further commission of criminal offences or to disclose information relevant to the investigation or proof of criminal offences already committed. Some of the criminal offences defined in KZ-1 include a qualified form of commission, which is established if the offence is committed in a criminal association. Article 41(1) of KZ-1 sets out the conditions that must be met in order for an individual to be held liable for such a qualified form of criminal offence. Article 41(2) of KZ-1, however, regulates a specific form of participation in a criminal offence. In a democratic system, criminal responsibility is individual and based on the guilt of each person. A criminal association does not therefore appear in criminal law as a whole, but rather as two entities, the organiser of the criminal association and the member of the criminal association. It is also crucial to address the legal basis for the confiscation of illegally obtained assets, as assets are one of the main motivators of criminal associations. A criminal association is not a legal person and therefore the confiscation of illegally obtained assets from a criminal association cannot be subject to the confiscation provision of Article 77 of KZ-1. KZ-1 therefore contains the provision of Article 77a, which allows for the confiscation of illegally obtained assets from a criminal association.
Keywords:criminal offence, organised crime, crime, association, illegality, leader, members, indirect offence, criminal association


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