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Title:Pravna problematika prometa s kmetijskimi zemljišči, gozdovi in kmetijami : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Kuzman, Tomaž (Author)
ID Vrenčur, Renato (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Kuzman_Tomaz_2023.pdf (1,49 MB)
MD5: 47672E65A77259EC6915DB5B7A91C15B
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Promet s kmetijskimi zemljišči, gozdovi in kmetijami je v Republiki Sloveniji podvržen sistemu, ki lastnike omejuje pri sicer prostem pravnoposlovnem prenosu lastninske pravice na nepremičnini. Zaradi varovanja javnega interesa, ki izhaja iz vpliva primernega obdelovanja kmetijskih in gozdnih zemljišč na uspešno kmetijsko in gozdarsko dejavnost ter zadostno samooskrbo in suverenost države, je zakonodajalec po ustavnem pooblastilu normiral področje z Zakonom o kmetijskih zemljiščih, ki določa obvezen upravni postopek, ki ga morajo pri prenosu lastninske pravice spoštovati stranke pravnega posla in upravni organi. Dodatno so normirani tudi posebni zakoni, ki na področju gozdov in zaščitenih kmetij določajo posebnosti, ki se v splošnem postopku prodaje upoštevajo za to vrsto zemljišč. Temelj postopkovne regulacije predstavljajo zakonite predkupne pravice, ki lastniku preprečujejo prosto izbiro druge pogodbene stranke tj. Kupca. Te se v zakonsko določenem roku uveljavljajo z institutom sprejema ponudbe, ki jo upravna enota na pobudo prodajalca javno objavi na portalu e-Uprava in oglasni deski upravne enote. Nadalje je sklenitev pravnega posla s sprejemnikom ponudbe odvisna od odobritve pravnega posla, ki ga z odločbo poda upravna enota, na območju katere zemljišče leži, tako, da preveri spoštovanje vseh regulativnih pravil in posel odobri tistemu sprejemniku, ki je glede na javni interes najprimernejši bodoči lastnik zemljišča. Ta način je edini, ki kupcu omogoči vpis v zemljiško knjigo in s tem pravnoposlovni prenos lastninske pravice na kmetijskih zemljiščih, gozdovih in kmetijah. Teoretično razmeroma enostaven proces, ki na podlagi načela sorazmernosti in legitimnosti ustavno dopustno posega v zasebno lastnino in dobro zasleduje javni interes, ima v praksi določene pomanjkljivosti, ki jih zaznamo v upravni in sodni praksi, predvsem zaradi pravnih praznin, ki so posledica splošnosti in togosti pravne ureditve zadevnega področja. V magistrskem delu smo opozorili predvsem na pomembnost temeljite presoje o ustreznosti in ustavni skladnosti trenutno veljavnega zakonskega omejevanja lastnine glede na namen, ki ga tovrstna regulacija zasleduje. Izpostavili smo tudi še nerešene težave, ki se pojavljajo v postopku prodaje, ter prikazali možne prihodnje izboljšave, ki bi bile morebiti ustrezne za zagotavljanje bodočega gospodarsko, ekološko in socialno učinkovitega kmetijstva.
Keywords:kmetijsko zemljišče, gozd, kmetija, lastninska pravica, promet s kmetijskimi zemljišči, odobritev pravnih poslov, predkupne pravice
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:T. Kuzman
Year of publishing:2023
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (75 str.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-86355 New window
UDC:342.7(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:181985795 New window
Publication date in DKUM:22.01.2024
Views:672
Downloads:183
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
:
KUZMAN, Tomaž, 2023, Pravna problematika prometa s kmetijskimi zemljišči, gozdovi in kmetijami : magistrsko delo [online]. Master’s thesis. Maribor : T. Kuzman. [Accessed 22 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=86355
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:15.11.2023

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Legal issues regarding transactions with agricultural land, forests and farms
Abstract:Agricultural land, forest, and farm transactions in the Republic of Slovenia are subjected to a system that limits owners in a simple legal transfer of property rights. Due to the protection of public interest, which arises from the influence of appropriate cultivation of agricultural and forestry land on the successful agricultural and forestry activities, and the sufficient self-supply and sovereignty of the country, the legislator, under constitutional power, has standardized the field through the Agricultural Land Act. The Act determines an obligatory administrative procedure that must be followed by sellers, buyers, and administrative authorities in the process of transferring property rights. Special laws in the field of forests and protected farms, which determine specifics in the procedures of regular sales of this type of land, have been additionally standardized. The foundation of procedural regulation is represented by lawful pre-emptive rights, which prevent the owner from having a simple choice of a different contracting party, i.e., the buyer. These preemptive rights are exercised by an institute of tender reception under a statutory deadline. The tender is made public, under the initiative of the seller, by the administrative unit on the portal e-Uprava and on the administrative unit’s bulletin board. The further execution of legal transactions with the recipient of the tender depends on the approval of the legal transaction, which is given along with the decision by the administrative unit in the area in which the land is located and is continued by checking if all the regulatory rules are complied. The transaction is then granted to the receiver, which is, in terms of public interest, the most suitable future owner. This is the only way that provides the buyer an entry into the Land Registry and, by it, a legal transfer of property rights for agricultural lands, forests, and farms. A relatively straightforward process, based on the principle of proportionality and legitimacy, constitutionally permissible interference with private property and the pursuit of the public interest, in practice has certain shortcomings, which are identified in administrative and judicial practice, mainly due to legal loopholes resulting from the generality and rigidity of the legal regulation of the field in question. In the master’s thesis we have primarily drawn attention to the importance of a thorough assessment of the appropriateness and constitutionality of the currently applicable legal limitation of property in relation to the purpose which is pursued by such regulation. We have also identified and presented the unresolved issues, which arise in the process of selling, and possible improvements, which, in the future, could be appropriate in ensuring an economically, ecologically and socially more effective agriculture.
Keywords:agricultural land, forest, farm, property right, agricultural land transaction, approval of legal transactions, pre-emptive rights


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