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Title:Splošna načela kot vir prava EU in njihovi izbrani pravni učinki : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Farazin, Tamara (Author)
ID Ferčič, Aleš (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Farazin_Tamara_2020.pdf (866,76 KB)
MD5: 540874CD8F89912F27467922391B16C7
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/a596124c-55d0-407b-86b2-a7dbbf1ee6bc
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Pravni red predstavlja celoto pravnih pravil in pravnih načel, ki so akceptirana v določeni (državno) pravni skupnosti tudi v pravnih razmerjih, kjer se ta pravila in načela realizirajo. SEU je v poskusu učinkovitejšega izvrševanja posameznih pravic razvilo načela, ki pomenijo možnost za posameznika, da pred nacionalnim sodiščem uveljavlja pravice, ki mu jih podeljuje pravni red EU. Splošna pravna načela EU so prepoznana kot gradniki nezapisanega prava EU in predstavljajo pomembno mesto v pravnem sistemu EU. Spadajo v vrh hierarhije pravnih virov ter tako uživajo status primarnega prava EU. Kljub odsotnosti njihove podrobnejše definicije v Pogodbah so splošna pravna načela EU nepogrešljiva pri zakonodajnem oblikovanju aktov EU in pri zagotavljanju sodne kontrole. Omogočajo enotnost, skladnost in homogenost zakonodajnega sistema EU, ki vključuje sektorsko naravo Pogodb in zapolnjuje njihove vrzeli. Splošna pravna načela EU bi naj imela v skladu z mednarodno doktrino le razlagalno vrednost in ne bi bila sposobna nalagati pravic posameznikom. Običajno služijo za zaščito posameznikov pred javnimi organi in so abstraktna v smislu, da ne dajejo konkretnih pravil temveč usmerjajo v določeno smer. V skladu z ustaljeno sodno prakso SEU in pravom EU se je mogoče sklicevati na splošna pravna načela EU vertikalno nasproti državi. Vertikalno sklicevanje torej ne povzroča težav, medtem ko se nekoliko več nejasnosti pojavi pri horizontalnem neposrednem učinku splošnih pravnih načel EU. Vzpostavitev horizontalnega neposrednega učinka splošnih pravnih načel EU pomeni, da morajo posamezniki pri ugotavljanju združljivosti nacionalnih določb s pravom EU, upoštevati abstraktna in nenapisana splošna pravna načela EU. Iz dosedanje sodne prakse SEU izhaja, da lahko v horizontalnih neposrednih razmerjih učinkuje (le) splošno pravno načelo prepovedi diskriminacije na podlagi starosti. Že tukaj se je potrebno navezati na nastalo »praznino« saj SEU ni podalo argumentacije ali je potrebno enak pomen (kot splošnemu pravnemu načelo prepovedi diskriminacije na podlagi starosti) nameniti tudi drugim diskriminacijskim razlogom. Nadalje prav tako ni jasno ali lahko (vsa) splošna pravna načela EU delujejo zunaj meja dosledne razlage in ustvarjajo horizontalne neposredne učinke oziroma in/ali lahko imajo sama po sebi, ob odsotnosti kakršnekoli neposredno učinkovite podporne Pogodbe ali zakonodajne določbe, horizontalni neposredni učinek. V kolikor bi se splošnim pravnim načelom EU priznala takšna stopnja samostojnosti, da bi se bilo mogoče na njih sklicevati namesto oziroma neodvisno od veljavne zakonodaje, bi to povzročilo (veliko) zaskrbljenost glede pravne varnosti in glede delitve pristojnosti med EU in državami članicami.
Keywords:splošna pravna načela EU, učinek splošnih pravnih načel EU, horizontalni neposredni učinek, splošno pravno načelo prepovedi diskriminacije (na podlagi starosti).
Place of publishing:[Maribor
Place of performance:[Maribor
Publisher:T. Farazin]
Year of publishing:2020
Number of pages:65 str.
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-78026 New window
UDC:341.176(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:33519619 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:0TCULRY0
Publication date in DKUM:21.10.2020
Views:2054
Downloads:400
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
:
FARAZIN, Tamara, 2020, Splošna načela kot vir prava EU in njihovi izbrani pravni učinki : magistrsko delo [online]. Master’s thesis. Maribor : T. Farazin. [Accessed 27 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=78026
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License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:06.10.2020

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:General principles as a source of EU law and their specific legal effects
Abstract:Legal order represents the sum of legal rules and principles that are accepted in a certain constitutional-legal community. It also applies to legal relationships where these rules and principles are realised. In its endeavours to more effectively exercise individual rights, CJEU developed principles that allow individuals to stand before a national court and exercise rights, given to them by the EU legal order. General principles of EU law are recognised as building blocks of the unwritten EU law and play an important part in the EU legal system. They belong to the top of the legal source hierarchy and thus have the status of EU primary law. Despite the absence of their more detailed definitions in the Treaties, general principles of EU law are indispensable in the process of legislative formulation of EU acts and in judicial reviews. They enable unity, compliance and homogeneity of the EU legal system which includes the sectorial nature of the Treaties and fills in their gaps. In accordance with the international doctrine, general principles of EU law should be only of interpretive value and should not have the ability to impose rights on individuals. Normally, they serve as protection of individuals before public authorities and are abstract in terms of not setting out concrete rules but rather pointing into a certain direction. According to settled CJEU case-law and EU law, it is possible to invoke general principles of EU law vertically against a country. Therefore, vertical invocation does not cause any problems. However, quite a few ambiguities arise from the horizontal direct effect of general principles of EU law. Due to the establishment of a horizontal direct effect of general principles of EU law and when determining the compatibility of national provisions with the EU law, individuals have to abide by abstract and unwritten general principles of EU law. It follows from the hitherto CJEU case-law that in horizontal direct relationships, (only) the general legal principle of non-discrimination is effective. Even here, the established “void” must be addressed since CJEU did not provide argumentation whether the same importance (as to the general legal principle of non-discrimination based on age) should be accorded to other reasons for discrimination. It is also not clear whether (all) general principles of EU law can be effective outside the boundaries of consistent interpretation and whether they can create horizontal direct effects and/or whether they, in absence of any directly effective supporting Treaty, can by itself have a horizontal direct effect. If the general principles of EU law were accorded the degree of independence that would allow invoking them instead of or independent from the applicable law, this could cause (great) concern regarding legal certainty and division of competences between the EU and member states.
Keywords:general principles of EU law, the effect of general principles of EU law, horizontal direct effect, general legal principle of non-discrimination (based on age).


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