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Title:	Vloga aktov mehkega prava v Evropski uniji (Pravni in institucionalni vidiki uporabe in pojav hibridnih pravnih področij)
Authors:	ID Rošic Feguš, Verena (Author) ID Hojnik, Janja (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Keresteš, Tomaž (Comentor)
Files:	DOK_Rosic_Fegus_Verena_2015.pdf (2,24 MB) MD5: 614A0AE2A1FAE06F27F56B62C256D37D
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Doctoral dissertation
Typology:	2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Sprejemanje pravnih odločitev v EU je danes zaznamovano z več medsebojno različnimi postopki odločanja, kar se inter alia odraža v raznoliki normativni naravi pravnih aktov kot njihovih rezultatov. V okviru »nove zakonodajne kulture«, v ozadju katere stoji kriza učinkovitosti zakonodaje EU, naraščajoča kompleksnost izzivov, togost in zamudnost zakonodajne metode in nezadovoljivost implementacije teh pravil v nacionalne pravne rede, EU spodbuja uporabo aktov mehkega prava, vendar ob tem istočasno poudarja, da tradicionalna (klasična) zakonodajna metoda EU ostaja osrednji (pa vseeno ne izključen) način reguliranja pravnega sistema EU. V smislu načinov regulacije in pravne narave aktov je zato normativno okolje EU dinamičen regulativni okvir. Vzvod za »rojstvo« mehkega prava na določenem pravnem področju predstavlja raznolikost interesov držav članic in EU oziroma iz tega razloga ustvarjena politična konfliktnost področja, ki preprečuje potrebno stopnjo soglasja za sprejem zavezujočih pravnih aktov. Kljub slednjemu pa gre v okviru aktov mehkega prava za pravo (in ne za politiko) ter za pravna pravila brez sankcije v strogem pomenu besede, pri čemer je, ob obstoju specifičnih okoliščin, njihov mehanizem izvrševanja identičen mehanizmu izvrševanja zavezujočih pravnih pravil, posledično pa v končnem rezultatu za države članice razlike v dejanski praksi ni. Zavezujoče pravo namreč mehkemu pravu nudi senco hierarhije, ko se »prošnja« mehkega prava za upoštevanje izjalovi (t.i. »prostovoljna prisila«): gre za kreativno pravotvorje oziroma ustvarjanje prava z ravnanjem, ki se na eni strani izogne klasični zakonodajni metodi EU, na drugi strani pa po sprejemu mehanizme izvrševanja tistih aktov, sprejemu katerih se je z obidom zakonodajne metode izognila (zavezujočega prava), dejansko uporabi za varstvo tako sprejetih mehkih pravil. Po empirični raziskavi treh pravnih področij EU, razlikujoč se po vsebini in vrsti pristojnosti EU za sprejem ukrepov (področje državnih pomoči, področje varstva okolja in področje pogodbenega prava EU) je izpeljan zaključek, da se mehko in zavezujoče pravo v pravnem sistemu EU ne izpodrinjata in ne tekmujeta za prevlado, temveč v dinamičnem razmerju sobivata in soobstojata. To tvori hibridna pravna področja EU, kjer je vloga mehkega prava na posameznem pravnem področju spremenljivka predpogojena s stopnjo politične konfliktnosti področja ter v odvisnosti od bistvenega razlikovalnega kriterija pristojnosti EU za ukrepanje. Zaradi nedemokratičnega postopka sprejema v določenih ozirih aktom te vrste primanjkuje demokratične legitimnosti, kar pa bi se z vpeljavo minimalnih procesnih standardov in razširitvijo pravil o dopustnosti ničnostne tožbe pred Sodiščem EU, kot predlagano v delu, dalo učinkovito odpraviti.
Keywords:	Akti mehkega prava EU, nova zakonodajna kultura, politična konfliktnost pravnih področij EU, normativna intenziteta aktov mehkega prava, pravni in dejanski učinki mehkega prava, status mehkega prava v sodni praksi Sodišča EU, ustavna spornost mehkega prava z vidika temeljnih načel prava EU, soobstoj zavezujočega in mehkega prava, komplementarnost, hibridna pravna področja EU.
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[V. Rošic Feguš]
Year of publishing:	2015
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-54894
UDC:	341.98(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:	4994859
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:DXNOTRRV
Publication date in DKUM:	02.12.2015
Views:	3304
Downloads:	802
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
:	ROŠIC FEGUŠ, Verena, 2015, Vloga aktov mehkega prava v Evropski uniji (Pravni in institucionalni vidiki uporabe in pojav hibridnih pravnih področij) [online]. Doctoral dissertation. Maribor : V. Rošic Feguš. [Accessed 1 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=54894 Copy citation

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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	The role of soft law in the European Union (Legal and Institutional Aspects of Its Use and Existence of Hybrid Legal Fields)
Abstract:	Nowadays legal regulation in the EU is characterised with many different regulatory procedures, which is in inter alia reflected in the diverse normative nature of legal acts as their results. In the scope of »new legislative culture«, in the background of which stands crisis of effectiveness of the EU legislation, growing complexity of issues, rigidity and time-consumption of legislative method and unsatisfactory implementation of its rules in national legal orders, the EU is encouraging the use of soft law, but it emphasizes that traditional (classical) method of legislation in the EU still remains central (but not exclusive) method of regulation in the EU legal system. By means of regulation and legal nature of acts the normative environment of the EU is therefore a dynamic regulatory framework. The lever for »birth« of soft law on certain legal field is diversity of interests of Member States and EU or political conflict created respectively, which prevents the level of agreement necessary for adoption of binding legal acts. Despite the later soft law is law (and not politics) and its rules are legal rules without sanction in strict sense, where its means of execution are, in the case of certain specific circumstances, identical to the means of execution of binding legal rules; consequently in the actual practice no difference for the Member States is given. Namely hard law gives shadow of hierarchy to soft law when the »request« of soft law to act in accordance with it is not successful (so called »voluntary must«): this presents creative law-creation or creation of law with an action, which circumvents the classical method of legislation in the EU on one hand, but which on the other hand actually uses the means of execution of acts adoption of which it previously circumvented (hard law) for the protection of so accepted soft rules. After empirical research of three EU legal fields, distinguishing by subject matter and EU competence (State Aid, Environment Protection and EU Contract Law) the conclusion derives that in the legal system of the EU soft and hard law do not supersede each other and do not compete for supremacy, but are co-existing side by side. This is creating hybrid EU legal fields, where the role of soft law on certain legal field is variable preconditioned by level of political conflict and contingent on essential distinctive criteria of EU competence. Due to non-democratic adoption procedure acts of this kind in certain aspects lack democratic legitimation, but the later could be effectively eliminated by establishment of minimal procedural standards and extension of the rule on admissibility of action for annulment before the Court of Justice of the EU, as proposed in the dissertation.
Keywords:	EU soft law, new legislative culture, political conflicts of EU legal fields, normative intensity of soft law, de iure and de facto effects of soft law, status of soft law in case law of the Court of Justice of the EU, constitutional contentiousness of soft law in regard to fundamental principles of the EU law, coexistence of hard and soft law, complementarity, hybrid EU legal fields.

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