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Title:Analiza tekočih in trdnih produktov procesa torefikacije odpadne biomase : diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje
Authors:ID Garmut, Anteja (Author)
ID Urbancl, Danijela (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Lešnik, Luka (Comentor)
Files:.pdf VS_Garmut_Anteja_2024.pdf (3,57 MB)
MD5: 0FAE3C0F4DEEBF2666F4EE9E43AE4DF9
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:Cilj diplomske naloge je obravnava procesa torefikacije odpadne biomase in karakterizacija nastalih produktov. Za predstavnike odpadne biomase so bili izbrani tri različni vzroci, in sicer miskantus, mešan les ter hmelj. Cilj naloge je proizvesti trdno biogorivo z višjo kurilno vrednostjo v primerjavi s surovo biomaso. Proces torefikacije je potekal eno uro pri treh različnih temperaturah, 250 °C, 350 °C in 450 °C. Produkte smo nato kemijsko karakterizirali. Karakterizacijo smo izvedli na trdnih in tekočih produktih torefikacije ter tudi na surovih vzorcih posameznih biomas. Ovrednotili smo masne izgube, masne izkoristke, energijsko učinkovitost, doprinos energije glede na maso, kurilne vrednosti, vsebnost hlapnih snovi, vlage in pepela. S Fourierjevo transformacijo (FTIR) je bila določena struktura vzorcev, s termogravimetrično analizo (TGA) pa termična razgradnja surove in toreficirane biomase. Z naraščanjem temperature torefikacije se kurilne vrednosti trdnih produktov višajo, nižje pa so vrednosti masnih izkoristkov, energetske učinkovitosti ter delež hlapnih komponent. FTIR analiza prikazuje razgradnjo celuloze, ki jo zaznamo z zmanjšanimi vrhovi, z eliminacijo manjših vrhov pa opazimo delno ragradnjo hemiceluloze in lignina. Zvišanje temperature je povzročilo zmanjšanje moči karboksilnih in -OH skupin. V surovi biomasi zaznamo prisotnost aromatskih spojin, simetrične alifatske skupine ter CO-C funkcionalne skupine, ki jih v primerjavi s toreficirano biomaso več ne zaznamo. TGA analiza je bila izvedena v kisikovi atmosferi pri konstantni hitrosti segrevanja v temperaturnem območju 30-900 °C. Ob višjih temperaturah je pokazala oksidacijo fiksnega ogljika, izhlapevanje težko hlapnih snovi ter razgradnjo anorganskih materialov. Glede na rezultate analiz je razvidno, da so trdni produkti primerni za uporabo kot biogorivo, medtem ko je v tekočih produktih delež vode previsok.
Keywords:obnovljivi viri energije, odpadna biomasa, hmelj, torefikacija, kurilna vrednost, termogravimetrična analiza, miskantus, les
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:[A. Garmut]
Year of publishing:2024
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (X, 43 f.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-90039-c846c466-ee78-5db6-397c-98d2ed2620fc New window
UDC:604.4:662.6:579(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:215939843 New window
Publication date in DKUM:09.09.2024
Views:38
Downloads:27
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
:
GARMUT, Anteja, 2024, Analiza tekočih in trdnih produktov procesa torefikacije odpadne biomase : diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Maribor : A. Garmut. [Accessed 12 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=90039
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:21.08.2024

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Analysis of solid and liquid products formed during torrefication of waste biomass
Abstract:The aim of this thesis is to examine the torrefaction process of waste biomass and to characterize the resulting products. Three different samples were selected as representatives of waste biomass: miscanthus, mixed wood, and hops. The goal of the thesis is to produce a solid biofuel that possesses a higher calorific value than raw biomass. The process was carried out for one hour at three distinct temperatures: 250 °C, 350 °C, and 450 °C. The products were subsequently defined by their chemical properties. Characterization was performed on the solid and liquid products of torrefaction as well as on the raw biomass samples. We evaluated mass losses, mass yields, energy efficiency, energy contribution based on mass, calorific values, and the content of volatile matter, moisture, and ash. The composition of the samples was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the thermal degradation of raw and torrefied biomass was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As the torrefaction temperature rises, the calorific values of the solid products increase, while the values of mass yields, energy efficiency, and the proportion of volatile components decrease. FTIR analysis shows the degradation of cellulose, indicated by reduced peaks, and the partial degradation of hemicellulose and lignin is observed through the decrease of smaller peaks. The increase in temperature caused a reduction in the intensity of carboxyl and -OH groups. In raw biomass, the presence of aromatic compounds, symmetric aliphatic groups, and CO-C functional groups can be detected, which are no longer observed in torrefied biomass. TGA analysis was conducted in an oxygen atmosphere at a constant heating rate in the temperature range of 30-900 °C. At higher temperatures, it showed the oxidation of fixed carbon, the evaporation of semi-volatile compounds, and the degradation of inorganic materials. Based on the analysis results, it is evident that the solid products are suitable for use as biofuel, while the water content in the liquid products is too high.
Keywords:renewable energy sources, waste biomass, hops, torrefaction, heating value, thermogravimetric analysis, miscanthus, wood


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