Razvoj, implementacija in evalvacija intervencije za krepitev duševnega zdravja  žalujočih : magistrsko delo

Majerič, Sabina

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Title:	Razvoj, implementacija in evalvacija intervencije za krepitev duševnega zdravja žalujočih : magistrsko delo
Authors:	ID Majerič, Sabina (Author) ID Poštuvan, Vita (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Gomboc, Vanja (Comentor)
Files:	MAG_Majeric_Sabina_2022.pdf (3,30 MB) MD5: 41AF5ED6696E6F4579E971BF7F03C494
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	FF - Faculty of Arts
Abstract:	Žalovanje po smrti bližnjega je odziv na pomembno izgubo, s katero se sčasoma srečamo vsi. Kljub temu da večina posameznikov skozenj zmore brez dodatne strokovne opore, jo pomemben odstotek posameznikov potrebuje, saj zaznajo poslabšanje svojega duševnega zdravja. Pomen dostopnosti opore za žalujoče je bil v času Covida-19 dodatno izpostavljen, zato smo na podlagi pregleda psihološke literature o učinkovitih metodah za delo z žalujočimi razvili, implementirali in evalvirali preventivno skupinsko spletno intervencijo, sestavljeno iz treh 1,5-2 urnih delavnic z imenom Skupaj skozi žalovanje. Intervencija temelji na pregledu psihološke literature o učinkovitosti psiholoških metod in intervencij za krepitev duševnega zdravja žalujočih. Prva delavnica se je osredotočala na soočanje z izgubo in čustva, ki jih žalujoči pogosto doživljajo. Pozornost smo namenili tudi opuščanju omejujočih predvidevanj o čustvih, da bi spodbudili boljše razumevanje procesa žalovanja. Druga delavnica se je osredotočala na izzive, ki se pojavljajo tekom iskanja in nudenja opore, vključujoč izziv komuniciranja svojih potreb bližnjim. Tekom zadnje delavnice smo poudarili pomen nadaljevanja odnosa s pokojno osebo in nadaljevanja z življenjem žalujočega posameznika. Vsaka od delavnic je temeljila na diskusiji s skupino, psihoedukaciji in vajah izraznega pisanja. Kontrolna skupina je lahko sodelovala v krajši intervenciji po tem, ko so bili udeleženci v tej skupini razvrščeni na čakalno listo za dva tedna. V raziskavo je bilo nazadnje vključenih 17 posameznikov v eksperimentalni in 15 v kontrolni skupini. Kvantitativno smo preverjali učinke intervencije na depresivno simptomatiko, simptome posttravmatske stresne motnje, eksternaliziran in internaliziran nadaljujoč odnos s pokojnikom ter zaznano socialno oporo. Za tem smo preko kvalitativne vsebinske in tematske analize naslavljali raziskovalna vprašanja o učinkih intervencije na proces in dojemanje žalovanja pri žalujočih, o učinkih na njihove odnose z bližnjimi ter kako je zaznane učinke spremenilo izrazno pisanje. Kljub temu da razvita intervencija v splošnem ni pokazala statistično pomembnih učinkov na duševno zdravje žalujočih, trendi in kvalitativne analize nakazujejo, da učinkovito krepi njihovo pozitivno duševno zdravje. Podrobneje so kvalitativne analize pokazale, da intervencija spodbuja prepoznavanje notranjih moči žalujočih, saj jim pomaga pri soočanju z bolečino izgube v podpirajočem okolju skozi aktivnosti, ki lajšajo refleksijo in izražanje čustev ter nadaljevanje odnosa s pokojno osebo, kar nadaljnje vodi do prepoznavanja izzivov in kakovosti trenutnega podpornega sistema žalujočega. Izrazno pisanje se je na tem področju pokazalo kot ključna aktivnost. Hkrati soočanje tekom intervencije omogoča spreminjanje kognitivnih shem osebe, ki kljub naporni izkušnji vodi do izboljšanja razumevanja procesa žalovanja ter v njegovo normalizacijo. Tem spremembam sledi še več prepoznavanja lastnih moči, izboljšanje počutja ter upanje na svetlo prihodnost, v katero posameznik lahko uspešno integrira svojo izgubo. Nazadnje smo prepoznali še pozitivne učinke intervencije na odnose žalujočih s svojimi bližnjimi v obliki spodbujanja konstruktivnih pogovorov. Na podlagi vsebinske in tematske analize zbranih podatkov predstavljamo tudi procesni model skupinskih spletnih intervencij kot vlak do prepoznavanja lastnih moči.
Keywords:	žalovanje, duševno zdravje, spletna skupinska intervencija
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	[S. Majerič]
Year of publishing:	2022
Number of pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XIII, 164 str.))
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-82129-9274712b-924e-4e66-3883-6d32096618ff
UDC:	159.97:613.86(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	138234883
Publication date in DKUM:	18.01.2023
Views:	892
Downloads:	188
Metadata:
Categories:	FF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	17.07.2022

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Development, implementation and evaluation of an intervention to strengthen the mental health of the bereaved
Abstract:	Bereavement after losing a loved one is a reaction to an important loss, which eventually we all go through. Even though most people can go through it without additional professional support, an important percentage of people need it, because they perceive a deterioration in their mental health. The importance of accessibility of support for the bereaved was additionally exposed during Covid-19, so in this master's thesis we developed, implemented, and evaluated a group preventive intervention composed of three 1,5-2 hours long workshops called Together through bereavement. The intervention is based on a review of psychological literature on effectiveness of psychological methods and interventions for strengthening mental health of the bereaved. The first workshop focused on confronting the loss and the emotions the bereaved often experience. We also focused on changing the limiting assumptions about these emotions to encourage better understanding of the bereavement process. The second workshop focused on the challenges during looking for support and providing it, including the challenge of communicating one's needs to loved ones. During the last workshop we emphasized continuing bonds with the deceased and also the continuation of the bereaved person’s life. Each of the workshops was based on discussion with the group, psychoeducation, and expressive writing exercises. The control group was able to participate in a shorter intervention after being placed on a waiting list for two weeks. In the end, 17 participants were included in the experimental group and 15 participants in the control group. We quantitively analyzed the effects of the intervention on depressive symptoms, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, externalized and internalized continuing bonds with the deceased and perceived social support. Thereafter we addressed research questions about the effects of the intervention on the process and perception of bereavement by the bereaved, the perceived effects on their relationships with their loved ones and how those effects were changed by expressive writing trough qualitative content and thematic analysis. Even though the developed intervention did not show statistically significant effects on mental health of the bereaved overall, the trends and qualitative analyses show that it effectively strengthens their positive mental health. Qualitative analyses showed that the intervention stimulates recognizing the inner power of the bereaved since it helps them to confront the pain of loss in a supporting environment trough activities that ease reflexion and expression of emotions and continue bonds with the deceased, which furthermore leads to recognizing the challenges of the bereaved and the quality of their current support system. The expressive writing method showed itself as a key activity in this regard. Moreover, confrontation during the intervention enables the processing of loss since it changes the cognitive schemes of a person and despite the strain of the experience as a whole leads to improved understanding of the bereavement process and to its normalization. These changes are followed by even more recognition of a person’s own powers, improvement of their well-being and hope for a bright future in which they can successfully integrate their loss. Lastly, we found positive effects of the intervention on the relationships of the bereaved with their loved ones in the the form of leading to more constructive conversations. On the basis of the content and thematic analysis of the gathered data we present a process mode model of group online interventions for the bereaved as a train to recognizing one's power.
Keywords:	bereavement, mental health, online group intervention

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