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Title:
Forensic differentiation of blue pen inks using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical methods
Authors:
ID
Finšgar, Matjaž
(Author)
ID
Kravanja, Katja Andrina
(Author)
Files:
1-s2.0-S0026265X24015376-main.pdf
(4,85 MB)
MD5: ED270F7182970752D3D4B8149E155551
Language:
English
Work type:
Article
Typology:
1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:
FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Keywords:
time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
,
mass spectrometry
,
large-area imaging
,
multivariate statistical analysis
,
principal component analysis
,
multivariate curve resolution
Publication status:
Published
Publication version:
Version of Record
Submitted for review:
11.08.2024
Article acceptance date:
12.08.2024
Publication date:
13.08.2024
Publisher:
Elsevier Ltd.
Year of publishing:
2024
Number of pages:
9 str.
Numbering:
Vol. 205, [article no.] 111425
PID:
20.500.12556/DKUM-91706
UDC:
544.5/.6
ISSN on article:
1095-9149
COBISS.SI-ID:
204913411
DOI:
10.1016/j.microc.2024.111425
Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s)
Publication date in DKUM:
29.01.2025
Views:
0
Downloads:
5
Metadata:
Categories:
Misc.
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Record is a part of a journal
Title:
Microchemical journal
Publisher:
Elsevier
ISSN:
1095-9149
COBISS.SI-ID:
23088645
Document is financed by a project
Funder:
ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:
P2-0118-2022
Name:
Tekstilna kemija in napredni tekstilni materiali
Funder:
ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:
P2-0046-2019
Name:
Separacijski procesi in produktna tehnika
Funder:
ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:
J7-50226-2024
Name:
Analitska orodja nove generacije za dediščinsko znanost
Licences
License:
CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:
This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Secondary language
Language:
Slovenian
Abstract:
This study investigates the use of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis for the identification of blue pen strokes in document forgery cases. Strokes of six commercially available blue pens were analysed using ToF-SIMS, and the data were interpreted using principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR). PCA effectively reduced the dimensionality of the complex ToF-SIMS data, enabling clear differentiation of the blue pen inks based on the obtained PCA scores. The first three principal components accounted for most of the variance, with PCA score plots showing distinct clusters of samples corresponding to the spectra of each pen. PCA analysis of the large-area ToF-SIMS images further revealed some characteristic spatial patterns and variations across the pen strokes; however, this analysis was less useful for the identification process. On the other hand, MCR provided a more chemically intuitive analysis by extracting pure component spectra from the complex mixtures. Each MCR factor was individually associated with a specific pen, allowing for exact identification of the pen stroke made. MCR score images displayed clear correlations with individual pen strokes, and the associated loadings identified signals at particular m/z values that were characteristic of each pen. This study shows that an efficient method for non-destructive forensic analysis of blue pen strokes can be achieved by combining ToF-SIMS with PCA and MCR. This analytical method provides reliable identification, which is crucial for forgery detection without requiring any sample pretreatment, i.e. the samples (pen strokes) were used just as they were made on paper.
Keywords:
masna spektrometrija
,
statistične analize
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