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Title:Uveljavitev prednostnega poplačilnega upravičenja pri hipoteki v postopku izvršbe in stečaja : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Murg, Karin (Author)
ID Vrenčur, Renato (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Murg_Karin_2024.pdf (1,60 MB)
MD5: CEF63505A4B29D9381DADDDFB9420564
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Namen magistrskega dela je primarno predstaviti pomembnost, uporabnost in prednosti hipoteke, kot stvarnopravnega zavarovanja in predvsem iz vidika hipotekarnega upnika, zagotavljanje in uresničevanje njegove pravice do prednostnega poplačila, ko dolžnik terjatve ni zmožen poplačati in je tako nad njim začet stečajni ali izvršilni postopek. Hipoteka je zakonsko opredeljena kot zastavna pravica na točno določeni nepremičnini in je namenjena za zavarovanje ene ali več določenih terjatev, pri čemer hipotekarni upnik s hipoteko hkrati pridobi pravico, da se lahko v primeru, če terjatev, ki je s to hipoteko zavarovana ni poplačana, poplača iz vrednosti te zastavljene nepremičnine. Poplačilna pravica hipotekarnega upnika, ki je kot edino materialnopravno upravičenje vsebovana v hipoteki, ima prednost pred vsemi ostalimi upniki zastavitelja, torej se poplačuje prednostno. Upnik lahko svojo pravico uveljavlja tako sodno v postopku izvršbe ali stečaja, kot tudi izvensodno v posebnih primerih izvensodne notarske prodaje nepremičnine. Tako postopek stečaja kot postopek izvršbe je zakonsko urejen, pri čemer je cilj navedenih postopkov doseči čim hitrejše poplačilo upnikove terjatve, ki s strani dolžnika ni bila predhodno prostovoljno poplačana, prav tako pa se v obeh postopkih uresničuje pravica do prednostnega poplačila hipotekarnega upnika. Postopkoma je prav tako skupna plačilna nesposobnost dolžnika, saj je povod tako za sprožitev postopka izvršbe kot postopka stečaja, ki ga imenujemo tudi generalna izvršba, dejstvo, da je dolgovana terjatev dolžnika do upnika že zapadla in še ni bila poravnana. Predvsem, ko gre za višje zneske terjatev upnikov, so s tem praviloma povezane tudi višje stopnje tveganj, tako je smotrno, da poskusijo upniki svoje terjatve zavarovati, še preden postane dolžnik insolventen in plačilno nesposoben poravnati svoje obveznosti. Kot bo pojasnjeno tekom dela, je hipoteka kot stvarnopravno zavarovanje izjemno stabilno in eno izmed varnejših vrst zavarovanja terjatev, zato ne preseneča dejstvo, da je v praksi tudi redno uporabljena. Magistrsko delo je sicer krovno materija stvarnega prava, vendar se glede na temo, tesno prepleta s stečajnim in izvršilnim pravom, ter se prav tako dotika tudi obligacijskega prava. Glede na obširnost vsakega posameznega področja, ki ga magistrsko delo zadeva, bodo bralcu tekom sistematične razdelitve vsebine pojasnjene pravice, ki jih ima upnik, čigar terjatev je zavarovana s hipoteko, celovito predstavljene možnosti za dosego poplačila njihove terjatve in hkrati predstavljene tudi obveznosti določenih ravnanj upnika, kot je na primer prijava ločitvene pravice v stečajnem postopku, v namen zavarovanja svoje pravice do prednostnega poplačila, saj morajo biti upniki aktivno vključeni tako pri postopku izvršbe kot stečaja, da lahko uspešno zavarujejo svojo pravico in dosežejo končno poplačilo svoje terjatve.
Keywords:izvršilni postopek, stečajni postopek, zastavni upnik, prednostno poplačilo, izvršba na nepremičnine, prisilna hipoteka, ločitvena pravica, pravna fikcija prijave
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:K. Murg
Year of publishing:2024
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (IV, 92 str.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-90465 New window
UDC:347.275(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:218534147 New window
Publication date in DKUM:11.12.2024
Views:0
Downloads:19
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:04.09.2024

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Enforcement of preferential repayment entitlement for mortgages in foreclosure and bankruptcy proceedings
Abstract:The aim of master’s thesis is primarily to elucidate the significance, functionality, and benefits of a mortgage as a security in rem, particularly from the perspective of the creditor. The main purpose will me on how to secure and enforce the creditor’s right to priority repayment when the debtor is unable to meet their obligations, leading to insolvency or enforcement proceedings. A mortgage is defined as a pledge over specified immovable property and is intended to secure specified claims. Through the mortgage, the creditor gains the right to be repaid from the value of the mortgaged property if the secured debt is not settled. This right to repayment, as the sole material entitlement provided by the mortgage, takes precedence over all other creditors of the mortgagor, meaning it is satisfied first. The creditor can enforce this right through judicial proceedings in enforcement or insolvency cases and in certain cases through non-judicial proceedings, such as a notarial sale of the property. Both insolvency and enforcement procedures are legally structured to achieve the swift repayment of a creditor’s claim that has not previously been paid voluntarily by the debtor. The creditor has the right to preferential repayment in both processes. A common factor in these proceedings is the debtor’s insolvency, which leads to the initiation of enforcement or insolvency proceedings, which is also referred as general enforcement, because the debtor’s obligation to the creditor has become overdue and remains unpaid. Particularly in situations involving substantial creditor claims, there is often a higher level of risk. Therefore, it is prudent for creditors to try to secure their claims before the debtor becomes insolvent and unable to fulfill their obligations. A legal mortgage is the most secure and comprehensive form of security interest. Although this Master's thesis primarily addresses real property law, it is closely intertwined with bankruptcy and enforcement law and also includes obligations law. Given the extensive scope of each systematic division, the content od the work will provide a thorough explanation of the rights of creditors whose claims are secured by a mortgage, provide a comprehensive presentation of the possibilities of obtaining repayment of their claim, and on the other hand also the responsibilities associated with certain actions by the creditor, such as application od the right of separation in insolvency proceedings. Creditors must be actively involved in enforcement and in insolvency procedures, to effectively safeguard their rights and ensure the repayment of their claims.
Keywords:enforcement proceedings, bankruptcy proceedings, pledgee, priority repayment, foreclosure on immovable property, compulsory mortgage, right of separation of assets, legal fiction of bankruptcy filing


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