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Title:Dohodkovna neenakost ter gospodarska rast in razvoj: empirična analiza
Authors:ID Harkai, Maša (Author)
ID Boršič, Darja (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Harkai_Masa_2024.pdf (2,56 MB)
MD5: D37395BD49AF6B706C74C3479E076366
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:EPF - Faculty of Business and Economics
Abstract:Dohodkovna neenakost dandanes predstavlja velik izziv za razvita gospodarstva in gospodarstva v razvoju, zato se to magistrsko delo ukvarja s problemom dohodkovne neenakosti v povezavi z gospodarsko rastjo in razvojem. S tem lahko povežemo tudi Kuznetsovo hipotezo. Teoretični del je predstavljal okvir za izdelavo empirične analize s področja ekonometrije – funkcijo panelnih podatkov, ki je bila izvedena v programu EViews 12. Izbor držav temelji na podlagi podobnega življenjskega standarda prebivalcev, HDI, kamor spadajo ZDA, Belgija, Slovenija, Španija, Francija in Italija. Ekonometrična analiza temelji na letnih podatkih od leta 1990 do leta 2021, zraven spremenljivke dohodkovne neenakosti, gospodarskega razvoja in gospodarske rasti smo določili še druge ekonomske in demografske dejavnike, kot so stopnja brezposelnosti, stopnja izobrazbe, inflacija, rast prebivalstva in delež trgovine. Povezavo med Ginijevim koeficientom in izbranimi dejavniki dohodkovne neenakosti je pokazal izračunani Pearsonov koeficient. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da višja kot je dohodkovna neenakost, nižja je gospodarska rast in nižji je tudi gospodarski razvoj in obratno. Z Grangerjevim testom pa smo poskusili dokazati obojestranski vpliv med Ginijevim koeficientom in mero gospodarske rasti oziroma mero gospodarskega razvoja, ki pa na primeru naših izbranih držav ne moremo dokazati. Ocenjena kvadratna funkcija panelne regresije se je z odvisno spremenljivko Ginijevega koeficienta najbolje obnesla s pojasnjevalnimi spremenljivkami gospodarske rasti, gospodarske rasti na kvadrat, stopnjo brezposelnosti in inflacije. Pri tem smo ocenili model združenih podatkov, model fiksnih učinkov in model slučajnih učinkov in s pomočjo različnih testov izbrali, da je najbolj primeren model fiksnih učinkov, kjer pa Kuznetsove hipoteze ne moremo potrditi, torej med izbranimi gospodarstvi ne moremo potrditi povezanosti med dohodkovno neenakostjo in gospodarsko rastjo v obliki obrnjene črke U. Zadnji sklop magistrskega dela je namenjen predstavitvi morebitnih rešitev v boju proti dohodkovni neenakosti za izbrana gospodarstva.
Keywords:Dohodkovna neenakost, gospodarska rast, gospodarski razvoj, panelni podatki, Kuznetsova hipoteza
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:M. Harkai
Year of publishing:2024
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-89171 New window
UDC:330.35
COBISS.SI-ID:204649219 New window
Publication date in DKUM:20.08.2024
Views:94
Downloads:99
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:EPF
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:20.06.2024

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Income inequality and economic growth and development: empirical analysis
Abstract:Nowadays, income inequality is a major challenge for developed and developing economies, and this Master's thesis focuses on how to reduce income inequality in relation to economic growth and development. In this context, we can also relate the Kuznets hypothesis. The theoretical part provided the background for the empirical analysis in the field of econometrics - the panel data function, which was modelled in EViews 12. The selection of countries is chosen on the basis of similar living standards, the HDI, which includes the USA, Belgium, Slovenia, Spain, France and Italy. The econometric analysis is based on annual data from 1990 to 2021, and in addition to the variables of income inequality, economic development and economic growth, we have also determined other economic and demographic factors such as the unemployment rate, the education rate, inflation, population growth and the share of trade. The relationship between the Gini coefficient and the selected factors of income inequality is shown by the calculated Pearson coefficient. It has been found that higher income inequality reduces economic growth and development. With the Granger test, we tried to prove the two-sided influence among Gini coefficient and the economic growth rate and the economic development rate, which we cannot confirm in the case of our selected countries. The estimated quadratic panel regression function with dependent variable Gini coefficient performed best with the explanatory variables economic growth, economic growth squared, unemployment rate and inflation. The estimated quadratic panel regression function with dependent variable Gini coefficient performed best with the explanatory variables economic growth, economic growth squared, unemployment rate and inflation. In doing so, we have estimated a pooled data model, a fixed effects model and a random effects model, and through various tests we have selected the fixed effects model as the most appropriate one, where the Kuznets hypothesis cannot be confirmed, i.e. we cannot confirm an inverted U-shaped relationship between income inequality and economic growth among the selected economies. The last part of the Master's thesis is dedicated to presenting possible solutions to fight income inequality for the selected economies.
Keywords:Income inequality, economic growth, economic development, panel data, Kuznets hypothesis.


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