Izzivi vzdržnosti pokojninskih sistemov v državah EU

Sekirnik, Anja

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Title:	Izzivi vzdržnosti pokojninskih sistemov v državah EU
Authors:	ID Sekirnik, Anja (Author) ID Jagrič, Vita (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UN_Sekirnik_Anja_2022.pdf (921,80 KB) MD5: 42D4E37181E1A593247AD25581D3B39F
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	EPF - Faculty of Business and Economics
Abstract:	Pokojnine predstavljajo glavni vir dohodka v Sloveniji ter so dostopne večini prebivalcev, pravica do pokojnine je določena v ustavi. V Sloveniji je leta 2020 pokojnino prejemalo 96,4 % prebivalcev, starejših od 65 let in 99,1 % starejših od 75 let (SURS, 2021). Pomembna značilnost pokojnine je, da gre za pravico dolgotrajne narave, ki pretežnemu delu upravičencev zagotavlja edini vir dohodka za preživljanje v starosti (Bubnov Škoberne in Strban, 2010: 213). Za Slovenijo je pomembno, da bi zaradi zagotavljanja dolgoročne finančne vzdržnosti pokojninskega sistema čim prej začeli izvajati celovitejšo pokojninsko reformo. Projekcije izdatkov za pokojnine kažejo dolgoročno nevzdržnost veljavnih politik, tako povečanje izdatkov pa bi precej spremenilo obstoječa družbena razmerja. K rasti izdatkov za pokojnine pomembno prispevata razmeroma pozno vstopanje na trg dela in zgodnje upokojevanje. Slovenija je tudi med redkimi državami EU, v katerih zakonska upokojitvena starost tudi v prihodnosti ostaja enaka, kot je zdaj (UMAR, avgust 2021). Pokojninski sistemi v EU in tudi v svetu se vse bolj prilagajajo demografskim dejavnikom. V večini držav so se ukrepi, ki naj bi zajezili vpliv demografskih sprememb na pokojnine in povečali vzdržnost sistemov, nanašali na dvig upokojitvene starosti oziroma njihovo prilagoditev pričakovanemu trajanju življenja, zaostrovanje pogojev za upravičenost do pokojnine, spremembo pokojninskih shem (iz sheme z določenimi pravicami na sheme z določenimi prispevki) in povečan poudarek na individualizaciji pokojnin oziroma dodatnem varčevanju (Spasova in Ward, 2019: 117; UMAR, 2019b: 45–48) ter povečanju odgovornosti posameznikov za finančno varnost v starosti, za kar pa bi bile v Sloveniji potrebne nove sistemske spodbude (UMAR, avgust 2021).
Keywords:	pokojninski sistem, Evropska unija, Slovenija, vzdržnost pokojninskih sistemov, primerjava
Place of publishing:	[Maribor
Publisher:	A. Sekirnik
Year of publishing:	2022
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-82201
UDC:	368.914
COBISS.SI-ID:	121060867
Publication date in DKUM:	12.09.2022
Views:	797
Downloads:	133
Metadata:
Categories:	EPF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	29.07.2022

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Challenges to the sustainability of pension systems in EU countries
Abstract:	Pensions are the main source of income in Slovenia and are accessible to the majority of the population. The right to a pension is enshrined in the Constitution. In Slovenia, 96. 4% of the population aged 65 and over and 99. 1% of the population aged 75 and over received a pension in 2020 (SURS, 2021). An important characteristic of a pension is that it is a long-term entitlement that provides the only source of income for the majority of beneficiaries to support themselves in old age (Bubnov Škoberne and Strban, 2010: 213). It is important for Slovenia to implement a more comprehensive pension reform as soon as possible to ensure the long-term financial sustainability of the pension system. Projections of pension expenditure show that current policies are unsustainable in the long term, and such an increase in expenditure would significantly alter existing social relations. Relatively late labour market entry and early retirement are important contributors to the growth in pension expenditure. Slovenia is also one of the few EU countries where the legal retirement age will remain the same in the future as it is now (UMAR, August 2021). Pension systems in the EU and worldwide are increasingly adapting to demographic factors. In most countries, measures to curb the impact of demographic change on pensions and increase the sustainability of systems have included raising retirement ages or adjusting them to life expectancy, tightening eligibility conditions for pensions, changing pension schemes (from defined benefit to defined contribution), and increasing the emphasis on individualisation of pensions or additional savings (Spasova and Ward, 2019: 117; UMAR, 2019b: 45-48) and increasing individuals' responsibility for financial security in old age, which would require new systemic incentives in Slovenia (UMAR, August 2021).
Keywords:	pension system, European Union, Slovenia, sustainability of pension systems, comparison

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