Pomen in uporaba nevroznanstvenih odkritij v civilnem dokaznem pravu : doktorska disertacija

Magyar, Denis

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Title:	Pomen in uporaba nevroznanstvenih odkritij v civilnem dokaznem pravu : doktorska disertacija
Authors:	ID Magyar, Denis (Author) ID Keresteš, Tomaž (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Koritnik, Blaž (Comentor)
Files:	DOK_Magyar_Denis_2021.pdf (2,97 MB) MD5: CA3A40F973F8AFC0774FC0CA7F82C288
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Doctoral dissertation
Typology:	2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Doktorska disertacija obravnava problematiko »objektivizacije subjektivnega« v civilnem dokaznem pravu. Pravno relevantna subjektivna dejstva so dejstva, katerih (ne)obstoj je odvisen od subjektivnega doživljanja posameznika, zato jih »zunanji opazovalci« izkustveno ne morejo zaznati. V civilnem dokaznem pravu je glavni »zunanji opazovalec« sodišče, ki mora doseči zanesljivo objektivizacijo pravno relevantnih subjektivnih dejstev. Toda obstoječe metode »subjektivizacije objektivnega« ne zagotavljajo popolne zanesljivosti. Avtor zastopa stališče, da lahko zanesljivost ugotavljanja pravno relevantnih subjektivnih dejstev poveča uporaba nevroznanstvenih odkritij. Nevroznanost je namreč že naredila prve korake na področju objektivizacije bolečine, odkrivanja laži in drugih pravno relevantnih subjektivnih dejstev, ki se ugotavljajo v civilnem dokaznem pravu. Interdisciplinarno področje, na katerem se nevroznanstvena vprašanja prepletajo s pravnimi in obratno, imenujemo nevropravo. Ker pa nevroprava ni mogoče obravnavati brez razumevanja prava in nevroznanosti, avtor obravnava temelje civilnega dokaznega prava in nevroznanosti s temeljitim prikazom njene zgodovine, sedanjosti ter prihodnosti, nakar preide na znanstveno preučevanje razvoja nevroprava kot interdisciplinarnega področja nevroznanosti in (civilnega dokaznega) prava. Ugotavlja, da uporaba nevroznanstvenih odkritij v civilnem dokaznem pravu ne predstavlja revolucije, ampak evolucijo prava. Uporaba nevroznanstvenih odkritij v civilnem dokaznem pravu je utemeljena na razpravnem in izjemoma na preiskovalnem načelu, pri čemer je potrebno upoštevati dejanske omejitve pri uporabi nevroznanstvenih odkritij v civilnem dokaznem pravu in pravne omejitve, ki obstajajo pri uporabi obstoječih metod »objektivizacije subjektivnega« v civilnem dokaznem pravu, kakor tudi pravne omejitve, ki obstajajo pri uporabi nevroznanstvenih metod »objektivizacije subjektivnega« v kazenskem dokaznem pravu. Toda ne glede na omejitve – bodisi dejanske bodisi pravne – nevropravo ne bo zašlo v slepo ulico, temveč se bo razvijalo z nadaljnjim razvojem nevroznanosti. Nadaljnji razvoj bo namreč zmanjšal pomanjkljivosti nevroznanosti in povečal zanesljivost njenih odkritij. Interdisciplinarno področje nevroznanosti in prava navsezadnje že obstaja, nevroznanstvena odkritja pa že postajajo del objektivizacije pravno relevantnih subjektivnih dejstev. Predmetna doktorska disertacija predstavlja prvo znanstveno delo, ki obravnava civilnopravne vidike prepletanja prava in nevroznanosti celostno. Znanstvena odkritja, do katerih smo prišli v doktorski disertaciji, so premaknila meje našega védenja o pomenu in uporabi nevroznanstvenih odkritij v civilnem dokaznem pravu ter predstavljajo kakovostno izhodišče za nadaljnje raziskovanje.
Keywords:	nevropravo, civilno pravo, nevroznanost, dokazna vrednost, omejitve, subjektivna dejstva, »objektivizacija subjektivnega«
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	[D. Magyar]
Year of publishing:	2021
Number of pages:	243 str.
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-79018
UDC:	347.94(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:	144651523
Publication date in DKUM:	09.03.2023
Views:	1671
Downloads:	198
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	17.04.2021

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	The meaning and use of neuroscientific discoveries in civil evidence law
Abstract:	The Doctoral Dissertation discusses the problem of »objectification of subjective« in civil evidence law. Legally relevant subjective facts are facts, of which (non)existence depends upon subjective experience of individuals, as a result of which »external observers« cannot experientially perceive them. In civil evidence law the main »external observer« is the court, that must, in order to reliably ascertain subjective facts, achieve their objectification. However, the existing methods of »objectification of subjective« are not entirely reliable. The author argues, that the use of neuroscientific discoveries can increase the reliability in ascertaining legally relevant subjective facts. Neuroscience has already taken its first steps in the field of objectifying pain, lie detection and other legally relevant subjective facts that are being ascertained in civil evidence law. The interdisciplinary field, in which neuroscientific questions interweave with legal and vice versa is called neurolaw. Without understanding both law and neuroscience, it is impossible to scientifically research the field of neurolaw. Therefore, the author discusses the basics of civil evidence law and neuroscience, with diving deep into its history, present and future, then passes onto the scientific research of the development of neurolaw as an interdisciplinary field of neuroscience and (civil evidence) law. He points out, that the use of neuroscientific discoveries in civil evidence law is not a revolution, but in fact, the evolution of law. The use of neuroscientific discoveries in civil evidence law is based on adversarial and exceptionally inquisitorial principle. It is important to consider actual limitations when using neuroscientific discoveries in civil evidence law and legal limitations, which exist when using existent methods of »objectification of subjective« in civil evidence law, as well as legal limitations, that exist when using neuroscientific methods of »objectification of subjective« in criminal evidence law. Regardless of limitations – either actual or legal – neurolaw will not come to a dead end, but will evolve alongside further development of neuroscience. Further development will reduce faults of neuroscience and increase the reliability of its discoveries. After all, the interdisciplinary field of neuroscience and law already exists, neuroscientific discoveries are already becoming a part of objectification of legally relevant subjective facts. The present Doctoral Dissertation is the first scientific work that studies the civil law aspects of the interweaving of law and neuroscience as a whole. The scientific discoveries reached in this dissertation have moved the boundaries of knowledge of the meaning and use of neuroscientific discoveries in civil evidence law and offers a quality starting point for further research.
Keywords:	neurolaw, civil law, neuroscience, evidential value, limitations, subjective facts, »objectification of subjective«

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