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Title:Znanstveni premislek o psihofiziološkem ugotavljanju zavajanja
Authors:ID Areh, Igor (Author)
ID Vidmar, Kaja (Author)
Files:.pdf Psiholoska_obzorja_2016_Areh,_Jaklin_Znanstveni_premislek_o_psihofizioloskem_ugotavljanju_zavajanja.pdf (349,96 KB)
MD5: AB54E0AE55B4FBAB3A7CD84595AAC9AE
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/73d53841-aa4c-4aaa-acfb-47af24211d28
 
URL http://psiholoska-obzorja.si/article?id=451
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Scientific work
Typology:1.02 - Review Article
Organization:FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security
Abstract:Zanimanje za psihofiziološko ugotavljanje zavajanja se je v zadnjem desetletju povečalo, kar je povezano s povečanimi varnostnimi tveganji, s katerimi se soočamo. Članek razpravlja o primernosti uporabe poligrafa pri preiskovanju kaznivih dejanj z vidika znanosti, predvsem psihologije. Predstavlja, oceni in primerja dve najbolj uporabljeni tehniki ugotavljanja zavajanja: Test primerjalnih vprašanj (CQT) in Test prikritih informacij (CIT). Pri obeh tehnikah preuči njuno teoretično ozadje, objektivnost in standardiziranost testnih postopkov, točnost (veljavnost) tehnik ter predstavi etične in druge praktične pomisleke. Test primerjalnih vprašanj po desetletjih raziskav in razvoja ni razrešil svojih temeljnih težav in omejitev. Ostaja neznanstven in nestandardiziran test, ki si ločen od znanosti niti ne prizadeva k izhodu iz slepe ulice. Članek predstavi vplivnejše teorije, na katerih skušajo zagovorniki utemeljiti poligrafsko testiranje. Kritična analiza kaže, da nobena od teorij ne predstavlja zadovoljivega teoretičnega temelja tehnike. Zaradi odsotnosti znanstveno-teoretične utemeljitve ostaja tehnika primerjalnih vprašanj sporna in ujeta v samozadostnost. Ta se napaja predvsem iz metodološko vprašljivih raziskovalnih ugotovitev zagovornikov tehnike. Nasprotno pa tehnika prikritih informacij doživlja raziskovalni razcvet, predvsem na področju nevrologije, in velja za etično manj sporno in delno znanstveno utemeljeno s teorijo orientacijskega odziva. Z njo se nekoliko naivno in sporno ugotavljanje laži nadomešča z iskanjem podatkov, ki so prikriti v spominu testirancev. A tudi ta tehnika ima resne pomanjkljivosti in omejitve, zaradi katerih se postavlja vprašanje o smiselnosti uporabe poligrafa pri ugotavljanju zavajanja.
Keywords:poligrafi, tehnika primerjalnih vprašanj, tehnika prikritih informacij, objektivnost, testiranje, forenzična psihologija, Test primerjalnih vprašanj CQT, Test prikritih informacij CIT
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year of publishing:2016
Number of pages:str. 144-155
Numbering:Letn. 25
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-66858 New window
ISSN:2350-5141
UDC:159.9:340.6
ISSN on article:2350-5141
COBISS.SI-ID:3193834 New window
DOI:10.20419/2016.25.451 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:BRUU2DUE
Publication date in DKUM:13.07.2017
Views:2044
Downloads:372
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:Misc.
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Psihološka obzorja. slovenska znanstveno-strokovna psihološka revija
Publisher:Društvo psihologov Slovenije
ISSN:2350-5141
COBISS.SI-ID:271603200 New window

Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:13.07.2017

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Scientific review of psychophysiological detection of deceit
Abstract:Psychophysiological detection of deceit has been in the centre of attention in the recent decade, which correlates with heightened security challenges of a modern world. The article provides scientific discussion about polygraph that is used in criminal investigation. Two most employed polygraph techniques are critically presented, examined and compared: the Comparison Question Test (CQT) and the Concealed Information Test (CIT). Theoretical foundations, objectivity and standardization of testing procedures, ethical and practical issues are analysed. Proponents of the Comparison Question Test have not been successful in their efforts to resolve fundamental problems and limitations with which the technique is challenged. It remains unstandardized and unscientific, separated from science and mainly without attempts to escape from the dead-end. The most influential theoretical backgrounds of CQT technique are examined; however, none of them represents a satisfactory scientific foundation of the technique. Without being scientifically grounded in a verifiable theory, it remains controversial and caught into self-sufficiency, mostly supported by methodologically questionable research findings gained by proponents. To the contrary, the Concealed Information Test is associated with fast development, particularly in the field of neurology, and is considered to be less disputed and to be partly supported by a sound scientific ground. Applying the Concealed Question Test, somewhat naïve and disputable detection of lies typical of the Comparison Question Test is replaced by a search for information that lies concealed in the suspects’ memory. However, the Concealed Information Test also has been challenged by serious deficiencies, which bring forward a question about justification of the use of the polygraph.
Keywords:deceit, polygraphs, testing, forensic psychology, Comparison question test CQT, Concealed information test CIT


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