Problematika preiskovanja in dokazovanja kaznivih dejanj zoper okolje v Republiki Sloveniji : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Kljajić, Azra

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Title:	Problematika preiskovanja in dokazovanja kaznivih dejanj zoper okolje v Republiki Sloveniji : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija
Authors:	ID Kljajić, Azra (Author) ID Eman, Katja (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UN_Kljajic_Azra_2016.pdf (1,15 MB) MD5: E15344A0B2BF79D8B7EBB2745FBF768C
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security
Abstract:	Če se ozremo na zgodovinski pregled raziskav o ekološki kriminaliteti v Republiki Sloveniji zasledimo, da je slednja v primerjavi z drugimi oblikami kriminalitete »nedotaknjena«, saj gre za področje, kateremu so raziskovalci posvečali najmanj pozornosti. Posledično je prišlo do nakopičenja zakonskih in podzakonskih aktov ter prevelikega obsega uredb, ki se nanašajo na varstvo okolja. Pravo okolja je postalo kompleksen sistem pravil. Pravni viri so nesistematični, razpršeni in neurejeni, posledično pa akterji preiskovanja in dokazovanja kriminalitete porabijo veliko časa pri iskanju med zakoni in podzakonskimi akti. Velik problem predstavljajo tudi blanketne norme, ki so pri kaznivih dejanjih zoper okolje po Kazenskem zakoniku nuja. Zaznane so tudi nejasnosti in prenasičenost določil o varstvu okolja, kljub temu da je Republika Slovenija članica Evropske unije in bi lahko mednarodno povezanost izkoristila sebi v prid in realizirala izboljšave tako, da bi za zgled vzela tuje države, prav tako članice, in prenesla spremembe v svoj sistem. Vsi ti problemi, ki so stacionirani že v samem pravnem okvirju države, se prenašajo na preiskovanje in dokazovanje kaznivih dejanj zoper okolje. Zatakne se že pri samem odkrivanju ekološke kriminalitete, saj nimamo jasnih opredelitev, kdaj in kako nastane posledica, da kazensko pravo lahko poseže. Akterji preiskovanja in dokazovanja kaznivih dejanj zoper okolje so navadni policisti, kriminalisti, preiskovalni sodniki, ki nimajo specializiranih znanj za preiskovanje in dokazovanje s tovrstnega področja, zato prihaja do nepopolnih preiskav in zapletov na sodišču, predvsem pa v ospredje stopi problematika dokazovanja, ki je posledica nepravilnosti v postopku preiskovanja (odvzem sledov je nepravilen, uničenje sledov, spregled pomembne okoliščine, nepravočasen prihod policije na kraj dogodka ipd.). Zelo pomembno je sodelovanje med pristojnimi službami in organi pregona, sicer je kazenskopravni pregon prepozen. Vključevati je potrebno tudi civilno družbo, ki velikokrat prva zazna kaznivo dejanje zoper okolje, a ne ukrepa, in zunanje institucije s specialnimi znanji na področju varstva okolja (gasilska brigada in Slovenska vojska). Zakaj prihaja do lukenj v sodni praksi lahko razložimo s trditvijo, da je premalo definiranih oblik samih kršitev zoper okolje, ki bi pristojnim organom jasno nakazale, katera ravnanja so dovoljena in katera niso. Iz uvodnih trditev je mogoče razbrati, da so kazniva dejanja zoper okolje, prostor in naravne dobrine težko dokazljiva prav zaradi zapletene zakonodaje. Sistematizacija okolja, ki sicer že poteka, je ključna, da bi se pri preiskovanju in dokazovanju kriminalitete zgodile pozitivne spremembe, toda poteka prepočasi glede na informacijski in tehnološki razvoj, strateške interese družbe in vsesplošni napredek v družbi. Vse to pa omogoča zlorabe kazenskopravnega sistema.
Keywords:	okolje, ogrožanje okolja, ekološka kriminaliteta, preiskovanje, dokazi, sodna praksa, diplomske naloge
Place of publishing:	[Ljubljana
Place of performance:	[Ljubljana
Publisher:	A. Kljajić]
Year of publishing:	2016
Year of performance:	2016
Number of pages:	71 str.
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-63845
UDC:	343.3/.7:504(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	3274730
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:VPK69JIE
Publication date in DKUM:	21.12.2016
Views:	1316
Downloads:	164
Metadata:
Categories:	FVV
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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Issues of investigating and proving criminal offenses against the environment in Slovenia
Abstract:	The historical overview of investigations into the ecological criminality in the Republic of Slovenia shows that—when compared with other forms of criminality—the ecological criminality is »intact«, thus attracting the least attention of researchers. Consequently, there are many statutory and implementing acts along with too large of a scope in regard to regulations of environmental protection. Environmental law became a complex system of rules. Sources of law are unsystematic, dispersed and unregulated, leading to excessively long searches among laws and implementing acts by agents investigating and proving criminality. Blanket norms, which are necessary when examining criminal offences against the environment according to the Criminal Code, are also a major problem. Uncertainties and oversaturation of clauses on environmental protection are also detected, despite the fact that Slovenia is a member of the European Union and could use its international connections to introduce improvements by following the examples of foreign countries (EU Member States) and implement the changes in the system. All the problems in the legal infrastructure of the country are evident when investigating and proving offences against the environment. The detection of ecological criminality itself is complex, because there are no clear definitions of when and how the consequences in which the criminal law can intervene, occur. Agents of investigating and proving criminal offences against the environment are ordinary police officers, criminal investigators and investigating judges, who have no specialised knowledge of investigating and proving such offences; therefore, there are incomplete investigations and procedural complications, especially the issue of proving the offence, which is a consequence of irregularities in the investigation process (improper collection or destruction of traces, overlooking important circumstances, late arrival of the police to the crime scene, etc.). The cooperation of relevant departments and law enforcement authorities is crucial, otherwise the criminal prosecution is too late. The civil society, which is often the first to recognise criminal offences against the environment, but does not act, and external institutions with specialised knowledge of environmental protection (such as the fire brigade and the Slovenian Armed Forces) must be included as well. The loopholes in case-law are the consequence of too few defined types of offences against the environment that would show to the competent authorities which actions are permissible and which are not. Introductory arguments show that criminal offences against the environment and natural resources are difficult to prove because of complicated legislation. The systemization of environment, which is already in progress, is essential for positive changes in the field of investigating and proving criminality, but is too slow compared to information and technological development, strategic interest of the society and overall progress. All this enables abuses of the criminal justice system.
Keywords:	ecological criminality, environmental protection through criminal law, offences against the environment, investigations of criminal offences, proving criminal offences, investigation of criminality, environmental law

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