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Title:Vpliv izbranega dezinfekcijskega sredstva in protirakavega zdravila na algo Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korshikov) F. Hindák
Authors:ID Ženko, Maja (Author)
ID Filipič, Metka (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Eleršek, Tina (Comentor)
Files:.pdf MAG_Zenko_Maja_2014.pdf (1,85 MB)
MD5: 5D49CDFC4B926A20B7D039DC60B9AA1A
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract:V magistrski nalogi smo želeli ugotoviti, kakšen je vpliv dezinfekcijskega sredstva (kvarterne amonijeve spojine benzalkonijev klorid (BAC)) na enocelično sladkovodno algo Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. BAC se uporablja kot dezinfekcijsko sredstvo ter je prisoten v številnih drugih proizvodih, njegova svetovna letna poraba pa se ocenjuje na 500.000 ton (CESIO, 2004). Zabeležene koncentracije v okolju so med 0,2 in 3,0 µg/L (Martinez-Carballo et al, 2007a,b). V okolju pride BAC v stik z vodnimi organizmi. Preučevali smo njegov vpliv na algo Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, saj so primarni producenti temelj prehranjevalne verige, zato bi lahko imele spremembe v tej združbi vpliv na celoten ekosistem. Eksperimentalni del smo izvedli v skladu z navodili OECD TG 201 (2011). Ugotovili smo, da je BAC v koncentracijah nad 0,052 mg/L (EC20) toksičen za to algo, saj povzroči statistično značilno inhibicijo rasti alge. Z višanjem koncentracije BAC nad to vrednostjo se je sigmoidno povečevala stopnja inhibicije rasti. V naravi so snovi po navadi prisotne v mešanicah, zato smo si izbrali BAC kot modelno dezinfekcijsko sredstvo in 5-FU kot modelno protirakavo zdravilo. Protirakavo zdravilo 5-FU je namreč eno izmed najpogosteje uporabljanih zdravil za zdravljenje rakavih obolenj in se najpogosteje aplicira v bolnišnicah (Kovalova, 2009). Kot dezinfekcijsko sredstvo za površine se v bolnišnicah pogosto uporablja BAC (Kümmerer, 2001), zato se pričakuje, da je v bolnišničnih iztokih in posledično tudi v okolju, prisotna mešanica BAC in 5-FU. Ugotovili smo, da je mešanice teh dveh snovi za izbrano algo bolj toksična od posameznih komponent, razen v primeru BAC pri vrednosti EC90, pri kateri je bila toksičnost za algo višja kot pa v mešanici s 5-FU. Učinek mešanice 5-FU in BAC smo primerjali z oceno toksičnosti mešanic, ki jo podajata dva matematična modela, model seštevka koncentracij in model neodvisnega delovanja. Ugotovili smo, da noben izmed modelov ne poda pravilne ocene toksičnosti za to mešanico pri koncentracijah nad EC20, saj so eksperimentalni rezultati po 72 urah pokazali višjo toksičnost mešanice za P. subcapitata, kot pa jo predvidevata uporabljena modela. Dobljeni rezultati so pokazali, da BAC pri koncentracijah, ki so prisotne v okolju lahko vpliva na alge. Zmes BAC in 5-FU pri koncentracijah ugotovljenih v bolnišničnih odpadnih vodah zaradi sinergističnega delovanja predstavlja večje tveganje za alge kot posamezna snov.
Keywords:protirakava zdravila, kvarterne amonijeve spojine, ekotoksikologija, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[M. Ženko]
Year of publishing:2014
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-45218 New window
UDC:502.51:582.263(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:20819720 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:ENYYPM4P
Publication date in DKUM:25.09.2014
Views:2219
Downloads:191
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:FNM
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:The effect of selected disinfectant and anti-cancer drug on alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korshikov) F. Hindák
Abstract:The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of a disinfectant (a quaternary ammonium compound benzalkonium chloride (BAC)) on the fresh-water microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapiata. BAC is used as a disinfection agent and is present in many commercially available products. The estimation of its annual consumption is 500000 tons (CESIO, 2004). The measured concentrations of BAC in the environment were between 0,2 and 3,0 µg/L (Martinez-Carballo et al, 2007a,b). Once in the environment, BAC comes in contact with aquatic organisms. We investigated its effect on algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, as primary producers in aquatic systems are the base of the food chain, and therefore changes in their community could affect the whole ecosystem. The experimental part was preformed according to OECD TG 201 (2011) standards. The results showed that BAC is toxic to the investigated algae at concentrations above 0,052 mg/L (EC20), at which it causes statistically significant inhibition of growth rate. Higher concentrations of BAC caused a sigmoid increase of growth rate inhibition. In the environment substances are usually found in mixtures, so we chose BAC as a model disinfection agent and 5-FU as model anti-cancer drug. The anti-cancer drug 5-FU is one of the most commonly used cytostatic drugs (Kovalova, 2009) and is usually applied in hospitals. BAC is commonly used in hospitals as surfactant (Kümmerer, 2001), therefore it is expected that the mixture of BAC and 5-FU is present in hospital wastewaters as well as in the environment. The measured toxicity of the mixture of those substances was higher to the selected algae than when those substances were applied individually, except in the case of BAC at concentration of EC90, at which the toxicity of the single compound was greater than the mixture. The experimentally determined toxicity of the mixture of 5-FU and BAC was compared to the prediction of mixture toxicity using the mathematical models of 'concentration addition' and 'independent action'. The results showed that none of the models used can accurately predict the toxicity of the selected mixture at concentrations above EC20, as the experimental data showed higher toxicity to the selected algae after a 72 hour exposure than that predicted by the models. Our results show that BAC affects the algae at concentrations present in the environment. The mixture of BAC and 5-FU at concentrations measured in hospital wastewaters represents a higher risk for algae than as single compounds do, as these compounds show a synergistic effect.
Keywords:anti-cancer agents, quaternary ammonium compounds, ecotoxicology, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata


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