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Title:VEČKRITERIJSKO NAČRTOVANJE PROCESOV Z RAZLIČNIMI EKONOMSKIMI IN OKOLJSKIMI KRITERIJI
Authors:ID Sarjaš, Klara (Author)
ID Novak Pintarič, Zorka (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Kravanja, Zdravko (Comentor)
Files:.pdf UNI_Sarjas_Klara_2012.pdf (1,92 MB)
MD5: 91C56F974392BF4645F023B8E1311625
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/30ccd788-8e28-48ce-9216-d347a05bb4ef
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Undergraduate thesis
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:V diplomski nalogi smo izvedli večkriterijsko optimiranje procesnih sistemov z uporabo različnih ekonomskih in okoljskih kriterijev. Uporabili smo ekonomske kriterije neto sedanjo vrednost, interno stopnjo donosnosti oz. dobo vračanja in dobiček oz. skupne letne stroške. Za ocenjevanje okoljskega vpliva smo uporabili potencial globalnega segrevanja, strupenost in indeks potencialnega okoljskega vpliva. Uporabili smo dve metodi večkriterijskega optimiranja, to sta metodi utežne vsote in -pogoja. Optimiranje smo izvajali s programom GAMS in procesnim sintetizerjem MIPSYN. Ugotovili smo, da so nekateri ekonomski kriteriji v določenih primerih konfliktni z okoljskim kriterijem in dajejo množico Pareto optimalnih rešitev, medtem ko drugi ekonomski kriteriji niso v konfliktu z okoljskim in vodijo do ene same optimalne rešitve. Z analizo odvisnosti ekonomskega in okoljskega kriterija od investicije smo ugotovili, da se konfliktnost med kriterijema pojavi, če se eden od kriterijev izboljšuje in drugi poslabšuje z naraščanjem investicije. To je odvisno od vpliva investicije na denarni tok in okoljski kriterij. Če se denarni tok z naraščanjem investicije dovolj poveča, da preseže negativni prispevek investicije, se ekonomski kriterij z investicijo izboljša, v nasprotnem primeru se poslabša. Na to vpliva razmerje med investicijo in cenami, ki določajo prihodke in obratovalne stroške procesa. Spreminjanje okoljskega vpliva je odvisno od njegove definicije, npr. v primeru omrežja toplotnih prenosnikov se s povečanjem investicije poveča stopnja toplotne integracije in zniža poraba pogonskih sredstev, kar zniža okoljski kriterij globalnega segrevanja. V drugih primerih lahko okoljski kriterij z investicijo narašča, npr. strupenost kemikalije ob povečani proizvodnji. S primeri smo ugotovili, da z različnimi ekonomskimi kriteriji običajno ne dosežemo istega območja vrednosti okoljskega kriterija. Največkrat so kriteriji neto sedanja vrednost, dobiček in stroški dali podobne rezultate in isto najnižjo vrednost okoljskega vpliva, medtem ko v nekaterih primerih s kriterijem interne stopnje donosnosti ni bilo mogoče doseči tako nizkega okoljskega vpliva.
Keywords:večkriterijsko optimiranje, okoljski vpliv, ekonomski kriterij, Pareto krivulje, omrežje toplotnih prenosnikov
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[K. Sarjaš]
Year of publishing:2012
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-38515 New window
UDC:621.565.93:765.011/.013(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:16712982 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:D9T2XW49
Publication date in DKUM:04.10.2012
Views:2097
Downloads:196
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:MULTIOBJECTIVE PROCESS DESIGN USING VARIOUS ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA
Abstract:In this diploma work, multiobjective optimizations of several process systems were performed by using different economic and environmental criteria. Economic criteria used were the net present value, the internal rate of return or payback period, and the profit or total annual cost. The environmental impacts were assessed by using a global warming potential, toxicity, and the potential environmental impact (PEI). Two methods of multiobjective optimization were used: the weighted sum method, and the ε constraint method. Optimizations were performed by a modelling system GAMS, and process synthesizer MIPSYN. It was found out that some economic criteria in certain cases were in conflic with the environmental criterion, thus generating a set of the Pareto optimal solutions, while the other economic criteria were non-conflicting leading to a single optimal solution. By analysing the relations of the economic and environmental criteria vs. investment, it was established that the conflicting multiple objectives occured if one objective was improving and other deteriorating with growing investment. This depended on the effect the change in investment had on the cash flow and the environmental criterion. If the incremental cash flow generated by increased investment was large enough to surpass the negative contribution of the investment, the economic criterion has improved with the investment, otherwise it has deteriorated. It depended on the relationship between the investment and those prices that determined the revenues and operating costs of the process. The behaviour of the environmental impact depended on its definition. For example, in the case of heat exchanger network, the increasing investment enhanced the level of heat integration, thus reducing the consumption of utilities, and the environmental criterion of global warming. In other cases, the environmental criterion could increase with rising investment, for example, chemical toxicity increased with the level of production. The case studies indicated that different economic criteria usually produce different ranges the same region of the environmental criteria values. The net present value, profit and costs usually produced the similar results with the identical lowest value of the environmental impact, but in some cases, it was unpossible to achieve such a low environmental impact with the internal rate of return.
Keywords:multi objective optimization, environmental impact, economic criterion, Pareto curve, heat exchanger network


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