INSTITUT GARANCIJE ZA BREZHIBNOST PRODANEGA BLAGA V PRAVU ES IN USTREZNOST UREDITVE V SLOVENSKEM PRAVU

Metelko, Martina

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Naslov:	INSTITUT GARANCIJE ZA BREZHIBNOST PRODANEGA BLAGA V PRAVU ES IN USTREZNOST UREDITVE V SLOVENSKEM PRAVU
Avtorji:	ID Metelko, Martina (Avtor) ID Knez, Rajko (Mentor) Več o mentorju... ID Samec Berghaus, Nataša (Komentor)
Datoteke:	MAG_Metelko_Martina_2012.pdf (1,25 MB) MD5: 4F67ACDB0DBFDFD07D2CF8B4290EF1B1 PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/ea213214-8a1e-4e22-9bec-9304ea47bba9
Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Vrsta gradiva:	Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	PF - Pravna fakulteta
Opis:	V magistrski nalogi se ukvarjam z vprašanjem odgovornosti prodajalca in/ali proizvajalca v primeru sklenitve prodajne pogodbe in obstoja napak na kupljeni stvari. Bistveni interes vsakega kupca je namreč, da za plačilo dobi stvar, ki je v skladu z njegovimi pričakovanji. Z integracijo Slovenije v Evropsko unijo smo se integrirali tudi v acquis communitarie, kjer se v vsakdanji praksi potrošnikov z nakupovanjem uresničuje ena izmed temeljnih svoboščin, prost pretok blaga. V dosedanjem razvoju področja prava varstva potrošnikov v Uniji se je v okviru sekundarnega prava v consumer acqius uveljavilo večje število direktiv, s katerimi je evropski zakonodajalec k varstvu potrošnikov pristopil na vertikalen način ureditve po posameznih področjih. Z Direktivo 1999/44/ES se je s ciljem enotne minimalne ravni varstva potrošnikov opredelil do nekaterih vidikov prodaje potrošniškega blaga in z njimi povezanih garancij v primeru neskladnosti blaga s potrošnikovimi razumnimi pričakovanji. Potrošnik kot kupec v primerjavi s prodajalcem ali proizvajalcem predstavlja šibkejšo stranko, zato mu v primeru neskladnosti blaga s prodajno pogodbo, ki je z našo pravno ureditvijo definirana kot stvarne napake, prodajalec objektivno odgovarja. Direktiva in slovenska zakonodaja v teh okoliščinah predvidevata katalog jamčevalnih zahtevkov, med katerimi ima prednost naknadni izpolnitveni zahtevek v obliki popravila ali zamenjave stvari. V primerih, ko je izpolnitveni zahtevek nemogoč, nesorazmeren ali neuspešen, lahko kupec alternativno uveljavlja, ali znižanje kupnine ali odstop od pogodbe. S ciljem sorazmernosti objektivne prodajalčeve odgovornosti je kogentno določeno trajanje zakonite odgovornosti, in sicer prodajalec jamči za napake, ki se pokažejo v roku dveh let od izročitve blaga oziroma v primerih rabljenega blaga v krajšem roku najmanj enega leta. Glede na dolžnost pravočasnosti potrošnikovega obvestila o obstoju napake v dveh mesecih od seznanitve z napako, je kogentno določena tudi domneva, da je napaka, ki se je pokazala v prvih šestih mesecih, obstajala že ob izročitvi blaga. Iz jamčevanja kot zakonske odgovornosti za skladnost izdelka s pričakovanim se je z razvojem industrije in proizvodnje razvil institut garancije, ki je opredeljen kot enostranska prostovoljna izjava (v primeru prostovoljne garancije) in na podlagi slovenske ureditve tudi kot zakonska obveznost (v primeru obvezne garancije). V nalogi so najprej predstavljeni vsi relevantni pojmi v zvezi z institutom garancije v slovenskem pravu in pravu Evropske unije. Za bolj kritično presojo teze te naloge je predstavljena tudi primerjalna angleška in nemška ureditev (prostovoljne) garancije. V tretjem delu naloge je predstavljena geneza instituta garancije v slovenskem, primerjalnem pravu in pravu EU ter v nadaljevanju ureditev zakonske odgovornosti za proizvode po slovenskem pravu z analitično primerjavo ureditve uveljavljanja jamčevalnih zahtevkov v pravu EU ter v slovenskem, nemškem in angleškem pravu. S ciljem dodatnega varstva potrošnikov je z Direktivo 1999/44/ES poleg zakonske odgovornosti za napake na izdelku določen tudi institut garancije. Slednja je po svoji osnovi opredeljena kot prostovoljna izbira na strani garanta kot dajalca garancije, ki se odloči, da bo s svojo garancijsko izjavo na določeno blago potrošniku v določenem časovnem obdobju (garancijski rok) poleg zakonitega nudil tudi dodatno varstvo. S tem je potrošniku v primeru napak na stvari omogočena alternativna izbira med uveljavljanjem ali jamčevalnih ali garancijskih zahtevkov. Potrošnik mora seveda zadostiti ostale pogoje za uveljavljanje zahtevkov na eni izmed pravnih podlag, z omejitvijo neupravičene pridobitve pa mu je omogočeno kombinirano uveljavljanje istovrstnih zahtevkov. Slovenski zakonodajalec je z upoštevanjem načela minimalne harmonizacije bistveno presegel cilje Direktive 1999/44/ES in na ta način bistveno zmanjšal funkcijo garancije kot elementa konkurenčnega prava, ki lahko garantu izboljša položaj na trgu. Z narav
Ključne besede:	Prostovoljna garancija, obvezna garancija, pooblaščeni servis, garancija kot tržni mehanizem, jamčevanje, stvarne napake, objektivna odgovornost prodajalca/proizvajalca, zakonska odgovornost, napake na stvari, garancijski rok, jamčevalni rok, podaljšana garancija, vrste škode, damnum quod rem, damnum circa rem, damnum extra rem, neustreznost implementacije Direktive 1999/44/ES v slovenski pravni red, geneza instituta garancije v slovenskem, primerjalnem angleškem in nemškem pravu ter pravu EU, gara
Kraj izida:	Maribor
Založnik:	[M. Metelko]
Leto izida:	2011
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-22479
UDK:	336.59(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	4305707
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:5BFNF4BJ
Datum objave v DKUM:	19.04.2012
Število ogledov:	4538
Število prenosov:	697
Metapodatki:
Področja:	PF
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Sekundarni jezik

Jezik:	Angleški jezik
Naslov:	A guarantee on the faultlessness of the sold product in the EU law and the analysis of the suitability of the subject regulation in the Slovene law
Opis:	This master thesis deals with the issue of responsibility in the event of a concluded sales contract and the existence of faults on purchased goods. It is the vital interest of each consumer to receive an object that meets his/her expectations. With the integration of Slovenia in the European Union, Slovenia also integrated the acquis communitaure that implements one of the fundamental consumers’ rights concerning shopping; i.e. the free movement of goods. In the present development of the law, protecting consumers within the EU, secondary legislation of the acquis communitaire has been supplemented with a higher number of directives, with which the legislator addressed consumer protection through the vertical approach, by regulating specific areas. By adopting the Directive 1999/44/EC with the aim to ensure a minimum level of consumer protection, it adopted the position concerning several aspects of sales of consumer goods and related guarantees in case of non-compliance of goods with the consumer's reasonable expectations. Consumer as the buyer represents a weaker client – compared to the seller, therefore in the event of non-compliance of goods with the sales contract (defined in Slovenian law as a material error) the seller is objectively responsible for such faults. The Directive and Slovenian legislation in these circumstances foresee a catalogue of warranty claims, among which priority is given to the additional claim in the form of repair or exchange of faulted goods. In cases where an additional claim is not possible it is disproportional or unsuccessful, the consumer can alternatively request the lowering of price or resign from the contract. With the objective of proportionality of objective seller’s responsibility the duration of the legal responsibility is cogently specified; i.e. the seller must warrant for faults which are discovered within two years from the delivery of goods and one year for second-hand goods. Concerning the duty of the customer to notify the vendor about the fault within two months from the discovery of the fault it has been specified that the fault, which was discovered within the first six months from the delivery of goods already existed at the time of delivery. With development of the industial sector and production consequently the institute of guarantee which is defined as unilateral voluntary declaration (in the case of voluntary guarantee) and also as legal obligation (in the case of obligatory guarantee) has been developped from warranty claims. The beginning of this thesis contains a presentation of all relevant issues regarding guarantee instrument in Slovenian law and EU law and analytical comparison with English and German regulation of (voluntary) guarantee and regulation of warranty claims. In the third part of the thesis, the evolution of the guarantee instrument is presented in Slovene law, comparative law and EU law. The remaining part comprises of the regulation of legal responsibility for products according to EU law and analytical comparison with Slovenian, German and English regulation of implementation of warranty claims. With the objective of additional consumer protection the Directive, beside legal responsibility for defects on the product, determines the guarantee instrument. The latter is defined as a voluntary choice of the guarantee holder, as well as the guarantor to decide to offer the consumer - with the guarantee statement - for a specific product within the specific time period (guarantee period) additional security apart from mandatory and shall – in the event of discovered faults on goods – provide the consumer with an alternative choice between the implementation of guarantee or warranty claims. The consumer however must also satisfy other requirements for the implementation of claims on one of the legal basis. With the restriction of unjustified gain combination of claims is also possible. By taking into account the principle of minimum harmonisation the Slovenian legislator significantly exceeded the objectives of Directive 1999/44/EC
Ključne besede:	Voluntary guarantee, obligatory guarantee, authorised service, guarantee as market mechanism, warranty, objective responsibility of the seller/producer, legla responsibility, non.compliance of goods, guarantee limit, warranty limit, prolongated guarantee, variety of damages, damnum quod rem, damnum circa rem, damnum extra rem, insuitability of the implementaion of tje Directive 1999/44/ES in the Slovene law, genesis of the guarantee in the Slovene law, comparative English and German law and EU law, guarantee in the English law, Guarantee in the German law (Garantien), guarantee in the EU law, comparative review of the warranty claims, relation between guarantee and warranty, conceptual differenes between legal regulation of the guarantee in the EU law and in Slovene law, competition point of view of the services under guarantee, Act on the protection of consumers, novel ZVPOt-E, Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, The Sale and Supply of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002, No. 3045, Regulation 15.

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