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Title:POSEBNOSTI PRI OBDAVČITVI GRADBENE DEJAVNOSTI S POUDARKOM NA OBRNJENI DAVČNI STOPNJI V OKVIRU DDV
Authors:ID Sekirnik, Žan (Author)
ID Markovič Hribernik, Tanja (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf VS_Sekirnik_Zan_2011.pdf (421,20 KB)
MD5: 4D714429A7472ABC7A706E69E03C0008
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/e8d6e575-8c9a-4ed0-ac6e-e700fa3d7b22
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Final seminar paper
Organization:EPF - Faculty of Business and Economics
Abstract:DDV je eden izmed najbolj proučevanih davkov na svetu. Njegov vpliv na poslovanje davčnih zavezancev proučujejo mnogi strokovnjaki. Davke velik del ljudi obravnava kot nujno zlo, ki jih je potrebno plačevati. Odnos do davkov je v večini primerov negativen, ker je razširjeno prepričanje, da denar od davkov porabi država za lastne potrebe. To sicer drži, vendar državo predstavljajo državljani in denar od davkov se posredno ali neposredno porabi za njihove potrebe. Z davki država pridobi denar za lastno delovanje, za gradnjo in vzdrževanje infrastrukture (ceste, javna razsvetljava, komunalna infrastruktura,…) in za različne storitve, ki so jih deležni vsi državljani (zdravstvo, šolstvo, policija,…). Z davki pobran denar ni izgubljen, temveč se vrača državljanom v drugačni obliki. Državljani so dolžni plačevati davke, sicer sledijo kazenske sankcije. V zvezi z davki in njihovim plačevanjem obstajajo določene pravice in dolžnosti zavezancev. Višina davkov je zakonsko določena. Zakoni se lahko spreminjajo, s tem pa tudi obdavčenje. Vendar pa ni mogoče spreminjati davkov za nazaj. Davčna politika je ena izmed najbolj neusklajenih politik držav članic EU. Vse države članice vodijo svojo davčno politiko, kar pomeni, da velja popolna suverenost države pri sprejemanju odločitev na tem področju. Cilj EU je harmonizacija davčnega sistema, s katero želi doseči davčno enakost zato, da bodo imeli vsi gospodarski subjekti iste konkurenčne pogoje na notranjem trgu. Doseganje tega cilja pa je dolgotrajno in zapleteno, saj se morajo vse države članice soglasno strinjati pri odločanju o davčnih zadevah. Z mehanizmom obrnjene davčne obveznosti so prejemniki storitev davčno tveganih dejavnosti postali obvezniki za obračun DDV. Eden od rizičnih sektorjev so gradbene storitve, ko na primer slovensko gradbeno podjetje, ki je identificirano za namene DDV v Sloveniji in ima torej slovensko ID številko, opravi gradbeno storitev za drugega slovenskega davčnega zavezanca za DDV. V tem primeru bo veljal mehanizem obrnjene davčne obveznosti. Po ureditvi, ki je veljala do 1.1.2010 je moral slovenski gradbenik sam obračunati DDV na računu in ta DDV tudi plačati s svojim obračunom DDV v državni proračun, vsakič ko je zaračunal gradbeno storitev slovenskemu zavezancu za DDV. Po 1. januarju 2010 pa gradbenik, zavezanec za DDV, za storitve, ki jih je v Sloveniji opravil drugemu zavezancu za DDV, na računu, ki ga izda, sicer navede tudi znesek DDV, hkrati pa še zakonsko določbo, da gre za storitev po 76. a členu. Tako prejemnika storitve opozori, da mora on obračunati DDV in ga nakazati v proračun. To je torej mehanizem obrnjene davčne obveznosti, ki velja od 1. januarju 2010. Namen nove tako imenovane lokalne obrnjene davčne obveznosti je zmanjšati proračunski primanjkljaj iz davčnih utaj, katerih največji odstotek naj bi se pojavljal predvsem na področjih storitvenih dejavnosti, posebej gradbenih storitev in dobav odpadkov. Z uvedbo "lokalne" obrnjene davčne obveznosti naj bi bilo davčnih utaj manj, saj bodo prejemniki, denimo gradbenih storitev, opravljenih po novem zakonu, prejemali račune brez DDV, ki ga bodo sami obračunali in hkrati uveljavljali pravico do njegovega odbitka. Tako bo davčni učinek nevtralen in ne negativen, kot se je pogosto dogajalo doslej. Negativni učinek mehanizma obrnjene davčne obveznosti je, da lahko vpliva na likvidnost za dobavitelja in državo. Mehanizem obrnjene davčne obveznosti lahko predstavlja oviro za prosto gibanje manjših podjetij.
Keywords:Primerjave davčnih prihodkov Slovenije z davčnimi prihodki članic EU kažejo, da je Slovenija tudi na prihodkovni strani javnih financ povsem »evropska«, delež skupnih davčnih prihodkov je približno tolikšen kot v ostalih članicah EU. Po deležu posrednih davkov Slovenija nekoliko prehiteva, kar ne govori v prid povečanju DDV ali trošarin, po deležu neposrednih davkov pa močno zaostaja za povprečjem EU. Čeprav se na področju Slovenije še vedno močno krši zakon, pristojni organi žal ni
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[Ž. Sekirnik]
Year of publishing:2011
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-21341 New window
UDC:336.22
COBISS.SI-ID:10811164 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:NN2RVHJK
Publication date in DKUM:16.12.2011
Views:4058
Downloads:209
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:EPF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:SPECIFICS OF TAXATION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING INDUSTRY FOCUS ON VAT REVERSE CHARGE RATES.
Abstract:Taxes are an important source of the country´s income and nobody can imagine the existence of a modern country without them. As it was the case in the past, the taxes are not popular now days, but people have accepted the fact that they are a necessity that enables a normal functioning of democratic economies. With the growth of the state jurisdiction the need for the financial means also grows. The state finances its obligations with financial means that are mostly gathered with taxes which do not have only fiscal but also an economic and social role. In the period of the growing economical correlations among the countries the taxes have more and more important role in deciding about the place of business and financial business. Taxes are one of the areas that are under an exclusive jurisdiction of the EU members according to the EU legislation; and as a result the tax politics is in practice often an instrument of competition among the states. A lower tax payload is for now used by the new EU members, which are transferring the loss of tax income in hope of the enlargement of competitive advantage or moving of the industry from the »old« members to the »new« ones. The consequences of disobeying the ZUP, ZdavP and ZDDPO can be harshly sanctioned from the legal point of view as well as from the natural person. Successful business management requires an excellent professional knowledge of the manager as well as the responsible person for drawing up the final invoice. Mostly, the obligations from the field of the on time submission of the clearance and tax payment have to be fulfilled. The goal of the diploma is to summarise the changes of tax legislation after 1st January 2011 in the building trade and to study the influence of these changes. I mainly focused on ZDDDV-1, which among others introduces the mechanism of the inverted tax obligations. These changes have had a great influence on business of the building trade companies.
Keywords:In my opinion, the tax legislation is very demanding and that is why it is important to keep track of all changes and novelties in the area of the legislation. The comparison of the tax incomes of Slovenia with tax incomes of other EU members shows that Slovenia is completely »European« according to the income side of public finances, the share of the joined tax incomes is approximately the same as in the other EU members. Slovenia is a bit ahead with the share of the indirect tax, which does not talk in favour of VAT or excise tax increase, on the other hand, Slovenia is way behind with the share of the direct taxes. Slovenia is already among the countries with the highest shares, it even has the highest share of employee payments. Although Slovenia still has a large amount of law violation, the competent bodies are unfortunately not very successful at finding the violations, the legal procedures are lengthy and that is the reason why the largest economy violations are overlooked and left out. Key


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