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Title:Tri dajatvene sodbe kot sredstvo za učinkovitost prava Evropske skupnosti
Authors:ID Turičnik, Edita (Author)
ID Knez, Rajko (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf UNI_Turicnik_Edita_2009.pdf (660,36 KB)
MD5: 82F7E7F014E1239B297E6D2E60476FE1
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Undergraduate thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Pravo Evropske skupnosti ustvarja pravice in obveznosti tako za države članice, samo Skupnost, kot tudi posameznike, se pravi fizične in pravne osebe zasebnega prava. Ker pa zgolj zapisane pravice in dolžnosti brez ustreznih mehanizmov za njihovo dosledno in popolno uveljavitev, v primeru morebitnih kršitev, ne pomenijo prav veliko, je v okviru tega pravnega reda, ki ima specifičen nadnacionalni značaj, predviden in dosledno izpeljan ter izgrajen tudi sistem varstva pravic, ki se lahko sproži v primeru nespoštovanja evropske zakonodaje in katerega temeljni namen je, da bi bilo pravo Skupnosti v končni fazi dejansko spoštovano ter v praksi tudi v celoti uveljavljeno. To pravno varstvo se lahko odvija oziroma aktivira tako na evropski ravni pred institucijami Skupnosti, kot tudi na ravni države članice pred njenimi nacionalnimi organi, pri čemer se namen in učinki teh postopkov ter predvidenih sredstev med seboj razlikujejo in obenem dopolnjujejo, zato lahko načeloma tečejo celo vzporedno oziroma neodvisno drug od drugega. Ker so nekatera od možnih sredstev pravnega varstva zgolj diplomatska, druga pravna, nekatera sodna, druga izvensodna in predvsem zaradi različne neposredne posledice, ki je lahko z aktiviranjem posameznega sredstva dosežena, je razumljivo, da so nekatera od le-teh bolj, druga pa manj efektivna. Sploh zaradi specifične pravne subjektivitete tako same Skupnosti (oziroma njenih institucij) kot držav članic (ki so pravne osebe), se je že večkrat izkazalo, da je, v primeru kršitev z njihove strani, ekonomska, se pravi finančna, prisila zaradi kršitve najpogosteje najbolj učinkovito sredstvo, s katerim se lahko dejansko doseže čim prejšnje ter popolno upoštevanje in spoštovanje prava Skupnosti ter odprava morebitnih nastalih nepravilnosti oziroma se navedene subjekte za nespoštovanje kaznuje. Tako na podlagi ustanovitvenih pogodb kot sodne prakse, so zato v evropski zakonodaji predvideni trije različni sodni postopki, katerih neposredna posledica je izdaja dajatvene sodne odločbe z določenim konkretnim denarnim zneskom, s katerim naj bi se dejansko dosegla zakonitost in pravilnost delovanja. Le ti so: - odškodninski postopek zoper Skupnost pred Sodiščem prve stopnje ES, - odškodninski postopek zoper državo članico pred nacionalnim sodiščem in - postopek naložitve denarne kazni državi članici pred Sodiščem ES. Osnovni namen vseh treh postopkov pa je, da se zagotovi popolna in dosledna uveljavitev prava Skupnosti ter da se na tak način učinkovito prisili tako države članice, kot tudi samo Skupnost k spoštovanju le-tega. Nujno je namreč, da prav vsi akterji tega pravnega sistema (torej poleg posameznikov tudi države ter Skupnost, ki so vsi zavezani po pravu Skupnosti) dejansko izpolnjujejo svoje obveznosti ter s tem omogočajo njegovo praktično uveljavitev in da te obveznosti ne postanejo zgolj določbe, ki brez uporabe ne dosegajo svoje prave in konkretne vrednosti.
Keywords:Pravo Evropske skupnosti, sistem varstva pravic, dajatvena sodna odločba, finančna prisila, odškodninska odgovornost države članice, odškodninska odgovornost Skupnosti, denarna kazen po členu 228 PES, pavšalni znesek, dnevna denarna kazen, sredstvo za učinkovitost prava Skupnosti.
Place of publishing:Slovenj Gradec
Year of publishing:2009
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-11953 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:3968299 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:9KTTF81T
Publication date in DKUM:21.05.2025
Views:3
Downloads:4
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Three damnatory judgments as a mean for effectiveness of Community law
Abstract:The juridical system of the European Community sets the rights and obligations for the member states, the Community as such, businesses and the individuals. However, these rights and obligations mean very little, despite being written and formally set, without appropriate mechanisms for their consistent and complete enforcement - in the case of possible transgressions – therefore, within the juridical order that has an international character, they have implemented a system of rights protection which is to be used in the case of disrespect of the European law and which main goal is to follow the Community’s legislation also in practice. This system of rights protection can be very actively used, both at the level of the Community and its institutions but also at the level of a member state and its institutions although the cause and effects may be different and various, demanding different amounts of funding. However, these effects can also supplement each other and thus progress either parallel or independently from each other. As some of the means of the rights protection are strictly diplomatic while others are legal or judicial or out-of-court and due to their different consequences that follow the activation of a specific procedure, it is quite understandable that some are more and the others less effective. Mainly due to specific legal subjectivity of both, the Community and its institutions and the member states, there have been many cases where the financial constraint has proven to be the most efficient method to follow the set legislation as those who break it are financially punished. Thus there are three possible court proceedings to be taken (based on the establishment contracts and the judicial practice) which main consequence is financial constraint of some sort. These are: - actions for damages against the Community in front of the Court, - actions for damages against the member state in front of the National court and - the procedure for impose a fine to the member state under article 228 of Treaty establishing European Community in front of the European Court of Justice. The main idea of all the above procedures is to ensure the complete and consistent implementation of the Community’s legislation and thus successfully force the member states and the Community itself to obey it. It is necessary that everybody involved in this juridical system (meaning individuals, members states and the Community) in practice carry out their obligations and thus enable its practical enforcement so that these regulations are not just regulations that are never used and do not attain their real and concrete value.
Keywords:European Community's juridical system, the system of the rights protection, mandatory judgement, financial constraint, Member State liability for breaches of Community law, the liability of the Community, financial sanctions according to article 228 of Threaty establishing the European Community, lump sum, penalty payment, means for successful implementation of the Community's law.


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