1. The NASA-TLX approach to understand workers workload in humanrobot collaborationAljaž Javernik, Borut Buchmeister, Robert Ojsteršek, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is becoming increasingly widespread in today's production systems, as it can contribute to achieving more efficient and flexible production systems. Given the growing importance of HRC, this paper addresses the significance of human workload in HRC. To study workers workload an experiment was conducted using NASA-TLX questionnaire. The experiment featured two scenarios involving the same operation but varying robot motion parameters. Recognizing that individual differences contribute to success of collaboration, the experiment considered worker utilization in relation to robot motion parameters. To ensure the credibility of the experimental results, the robot motion parameters were adjusted to each individual in order to achieve the same conditions and utilization at all participants. Results revealed that worker utilization, in conjunction with robot motion parameters significantly influenced worker workload. The results highlight the need for personalized guidelines in collaborative workplaces that emphasize individual differences in abilities, skills and personalities to increase overall well-being and robot and worker productivity.
Keywords: human-robot collaboration, industry 5.0, collaborative workplace, NASA-TLX, safety awareness, worker well-being, worker workload
Published in DKUM: 10.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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2. Understanding future leaders : how are personal values of generations Y and Z tailored to leadership in industry 4.0?Rok Črešnar, Zlatko Nedelko, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: This study combines two main challenges for organizations today, as it examines the alignment between personal values of future leaders and the values needed in the Industry 4.0 workplace. Based on the movement of the organizational environment toward a more multidisciplinary, open, collaborative and multicultural environment, we presuppose that the Industry 4.0 workplace requires a more benevolent, universally oriented and generally self-transcended leaders. Drawing upon Schwartz’s value theory, we examine the impact of Generations Y and Z’s personal values on their leadership inclination. The results from the survey of 371 young participants from Generations Y and Z reveal that self-enhancement (i.e., power and achievement), openness to change and conservation values most significantly affect leadership inclination. Meanwhile, benevolence, universalism and general self-transcendence values—cornerstones of the Industry 4.0 workplace—show negative effects on leadership inclination in the frame of the Industry 4.0 workplace. This indicates a poor fit between the values of future leaders and the values of the Industry 4.0 workplace. These findings have significant implications for human resource management in future organizations and contribute to the understanding of future leaders. In addition, the findings can help organizations to manage sustainable workings in an Industry 4.0 environment.
Keywords: personal values, future leaders, Industry 4.0, Gen Y, Gen Z, organizations, Industry 4.0 workplace, Slovenia
Published in DKUM: 15.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 12
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3. Personalizing human–robot workplace parameters in human-centered manufacturingRobert Ojsteršek, Borut Buchmeister, Aljaž Javernik, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between collaborative robot (CR) parameters and worker utilization and system performance in human–robot collaboration (HRC) environments. We investigated whether optimized parameters increase workplace efficiency and whether adapting these parameters to the individual worker improves workplace outcomes. Three experimental scenarios with different CR parameters were analyzed in terms of the setup time, assembly time, finished products, work in process, and worker utilization. The main results show that personalized CR parameters significantly improve efficiency and productivity. The scenario in which CR parameters were tailored to individual workers, balanced the workload, and minimized worker stress, resulting in higher productivity compared to non-people-centric settings. The study shows that personalization reduces cognitive and physical stress, promotes worker well-being, and is consistent with the principles of human-centered manufacturing. Overall, our research supports the adoption of personalized, collaborative workplace parameters, supported by the mathematical model, to optimize employee efficiency and health, contributing to human-centered and efficient HRC environments.
Keywords: human–robot workplace, collaborative workplace, human-centered manufacturing, stress index, modelling, efficiencxy
Published in DKUM: 03.09.2024; Views: 38; Downloads: 20
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4. Generation Z and ethicality of advancement in the workplace : a study of Slovenia and LithuaniaZlatko Nedelko, Valentina Peleckiene, Kęstutis Peleckis, Kestutis K. Peleckis, Giedre Lapinskiene, Vojko Potočan, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to examine the ethicality of future employees’ attitudes toward advancement in the workplace in Slovenia and Lithuania. This study focuses on students representing young adults from Generation Z as future employees in organizations. Using a survey of work-related issues, we collected 212 answers from Slovenian and 159 from Lithuanian' students from business faculties. We used t-tests and regression analyses to obtain results. We found that the future employees in Slovenia see organizationally beneficial behavior and self-indulgent behavior significantly more acceptable for their advancement, than their Lithuanian peers. No differences exist in the perception of destructive behavior among participants from both countries. Substantial differences in the importance of personal values among Generation Z members in both societies, provide a strong support for the divergence nature of Generation Z across cultures. The impact of personal values on the ethicality of different behavior for advancement in the workplace among future employees in both societies is substantial, but biased and follows different patterns. In Slovenia, the dominant role has power, followed by hedonism, benevolence, security, conformity, tradition, and universalism, while in Lithuania, the dominant role belongs to self-direction, followed by tradition, universalism, security, achievement, and power. This study will help us to understand Generation Z values and their perceptions regarding ethicality of advancement in the workplace and enable organizations to manage the behavior of future employees.
Keywords: Generation Z, personal values, Slovenia, Lithuania, unethical practices, ethicality, behavior, advancement in the workplace
Published in DKUM: 11.07.2024; Views: 88; Downloads: 13
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5. The impact of changing collaborative workplace parameters on assembly operation efficiencyKlemen Kovič, Aljaž Javernik, Robert Ojsteršek, Iztok Palčič, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Human–robot collaborative systems bring several benefits in using human and robot capabilities simultaneously. One of the critical questions is the impact of these systems on production process efficiency. The search for high-level efficiency is severely dependent on collaborative robot characteristics and motion parameters, and the ability of humans to adjust to changing circumstances. Therefore, our research analyzes the effect of the changing collaborative robot motion parameters, acoustic parameters and visual factors in a specific assembly operation, where efficiency is measured through operation times. To conduct our study, we designed a digital twin-based model and a laboratory environment experiment in the form of a collaborative workplace. The results show that changing the motion, acoustic and visual parameters of the collaborative workplace impact the assembly process efficiency significantly.
Keywords: collaborative robot, collaborative workplace, digital twin, assembly operation, efficiency
Published in DKUM: 26.02.2024; Views: 301; Downloads: 28
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6. Drivers for enhancing job performance of prison officers in Slovenia : effects of job attitudes, organizational, and work-related factorsKatrin Podgorski, Branko Lobnikar, Anže Mihelič, Kaja Prislan Mihelič, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Maintaining order and safety in a prison environment heavily depends on prison officers, who daily interact with prisoners and are constantly dealing with dangerous situations. Their task performance is vital for the organizational performance and the fulfillment of the prisons’ mission. For managing prison officers’ job performance efficiently, it is important to understand the associated factors; however, job performance in a prison environment remains completely unexplored in Slovenia. This article presents a study conducted among Slovenian prison officers (n = 201), which examined their task performance, its association with job attitudes, and the role of organizational and work-related factors. The study results showed that the prison officers’ task performance is associated with their job satisfaction, but not with their job involvement. Moreover, their job satisfaction is associated with perceived organizational justice, job stress, and the dangerousness of the job. Based on these findings, we demonstrated that task performance depends on several direct and indirect factors that prison management should prioritize, the key ones being stress reduction, strengthening the feeling of organizational justice, and the ability to deal with the job-related dangers successfully. This article highlights organizational and work-related factors important for improving the prison officers’ well-being at work.
Keywords: job performance, task performance, workplace psychology, prisons, rison officers
Published in DKUM: 29.11.2023; Views: 347; Downloads: 39
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7. User violence against employees at nursing homesKatarina Cesar, Liljana Rihter, Špela Selak, Branko Gabrovec, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: Purpose:
Earlier research has indicated the high exposure of those working in assisting occupations to workplace violence in Slovenia. The purpose of this study is to complement the research gap in investigating violence within social care and determine the types and extent of workplace violence among all employees in a social care institution, the influence of aggressive behaviour of users on the well-being of employees, and the need for education on dealing with the violence to which employees are being exposed.
Design/Methods/Approach:
Workplace violence was researched quantitatively using a descriptive method. We used a structured survey questionnaire, which was adapted using an existing questionnaire to research the occurrence of violent acts from users against employees at nursing homes and other social care institutions.
Findings:
The nursing home Dom ob Savinji Celje faces user violence against its employees. The most frequent form of violence against employees is verbal abuse (37.7% of respondents) and the least frequent is unwanted conduct of a sexual nature (5.2% of respondents). Workers employed in healthcare face user violence more often than employees in other fields. Employees most often face a certain form of user violence 1-2 times per year. When an employee meets an aggressive user, the most common emotions are fear, helplessness, uncertainty, feeling under threat, and least often a lack of understanding from fellow employees.
Originality/Value:
This study focuses on studying workplace violence within a social care institution and complements extant, yet inadequate scientific findings.
Keywords: nursing homes, workplace violence, healthcare, social care, social care institutions
Published in DKUM: 18.05.2020; Views: 1113; Downloads: 55
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8. How to reduce discrimination in the workplace : the case of Austria and Taiwan (R.O.C.)Vito Bobek, Anita Maček, Sarah Anna Bradler, Tatjana Horvat, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: To intervene against discriminatory in the workplace is tremendously important because discriminatory practices have an enormous economic impact, along with a severe impact on psychological health, which can result in illnesses such as depression and burnout. Such intervention requires a multidimensional approach, including the whole organization and a systematic procedure. The aim of this paper is to offer suggestions on how to reduce discrimination in the workplace in Austria and Taiwan. To reach this aim, a qualitative study was conducted. It showed that education, active positioning of companies, leadership and diligent selection of employees, discussion and analysis, psychological support, governmental policies, and aspects of language and talking gender-wise are the most important steps to decrease or eliminate discrimination in the workplace.
Keywords: discrimination, business practices, leadership, workplace
Published in DKUM: 10.10.2018; Views: 1782; Downloads: 235
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9. Mobbing in company : levels and typologyBeno Arnejčič, 2016, original scientific article Abstract: Background and purpose: The individual is exposed to ever more covert psychological violence or mobbing in workplace within companies. The aim of this study is to analyse the level and the types of psychological violence within a company in which the individual works in their daily lives.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Using systematic method current mobbing literature reviews were analysed. Based on a review and analysis of the literature, we recognised increasing amounts of workplace bullying. Then we used and extended Dilts’ model and created a model in which we portrayed the different levels and types of bullying in a company. The presented model is a tool for identifying workplace violence within the company.
Results: At the company environment level, there is much bullying associated with social-demographic characteristics and working conditions. At the level of individual behaviour, the type of mobbing exists that is associated with the company’s leadership styles. At the level of professional qualifications, a lack of confidence causes mobbing. At the level of values and beliefs, mobbing is present in attitudes and behavioural intentions. At the level of identity, we can observe mobbing according to sexual identity. At the level of organizational culture, we can recognize a type of mobbing called ‘obsessive dedication’ to working efficiency and organizational silence.
Conclusion: Based on the analysis of selected literature we exposed a range of types and levels of mobbing in company. The expanded Model on levels of mobbing in companies provides a framework for collecting information. The user can identify workplace violence and each strategic organizational level in the work organization.
Keywords: bullying, mobbing typology within the company, levels of mobbing in the workplace
Published in DKUM: 04.12.2017; Views: 1595; Downloads: 286
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10. Attitudes toward workplace mobbing in Slovenian research organisationsBrigita Krsnik Horvat, Milan Pagon, 2012, original scientific article Abstract: Creating a "mobbing-safe" working environment can be a real challenge; to achieve it, a better understanding of related constructs is necessary. To obtain insight into researchers' attitudes toward workplace mobbing and behavioural intentions, we used a case scenario method. The results show that respondents, on average, consider the mobbing cases presented in a questionnaire to be very serious. Their attitudes and behavioural intentions depend more on their opinion about colleagues' attitudes and related intentions and less on their own, which shows a lower integrity than desired. Low willingness to report the violator, lenient discipline sanctions and the absence of proper organisational rules create favourable conditions for workplace mobbing in Slovenian public research organisations. This paper also proposes measures based on the research findings of various authors and identifies new questions that could be addressed in further research.
Keywords: workplace mobbing, organisational culture, integrity, public research organisation, researcher
Published in DKUM: 28.11.2017; Views: 2193; Downloads: 438
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