1. Ozonation of amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin in model hospital wastewater to increase biotreatabilitySeverina Aleksić, Andreja Žgajnar Gotvajn, Katarina Premzl, Mitja Kolar, Sonja Šostar-Turk, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Amoxicillin (AMX) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP) are antibiotics commonly used in human medicine with high environmental toxicity and poor biodegradability. They have been found in various hospital effluents and groundwater, and their environmental impact is still not fully understood. In this work, we investigated the possibility of treating model wastewaters containing the antibiotics AMX and CIP using ozonation, with the addition of H$_2$O$_2$ under various conditions, including different pH values, H$_2$O$_2$, and ozone dosages. The quantification of and treatment efficacy for antibiotic removal were determined via solid phase extraction followed by chromatographic separation by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). This analytical system is quite efficient for the detection of all major antibiotic classes, even if they are present at very low concentrations. The efficiency of ozonation was determined by measuring the TOC (Total Organic Carbon) changes after ozonation of the model wastewater and by measuring the concentration of the two antibiotics. In a sequential activated sludge process of ozone-treated model wastewater, almost complete TOC removal and an overwhelming decrease in antibiotic concentrations (up to 99%) were observed. Ozonation resulted in complete removal of AMX and CIP in less than 30 and 120 min, respectively. The results of this work indicate that ozonation could be a suitable pretreatment method to reduce the toxicity of contaminants (AMX and CIP) and improve the biodegradability of hospital wastewater.
Ključne besede: antibiotics, amoxicillin, AMX, ciprofloxacin, CIP, hospital wastewater, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, sludge, water treatment
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.08.2024; Ogledov: 75; Prenosov: 3
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2. Thermal treatment of raw and pre-treated wastes from the paper industryAleksandra Petrovič, Christoph Hochenauer, Matej Zazijal, Lidija Čuček, Darko Goričanec, Danijela Urbancl, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In this study, the thermal treatment of two types of waste from the paper industry was investigated, paper mill sludge and sewage sludge from biological wastewater treatment plants. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) and torrefaction were investigated as sustainable alternatives for solid biofuel production. Untreated samples and samples chemically pre-treated with alcoholic vinegar were subjected to torrefaction at 350 °C in N2 atmosphere, and the exhaust gases were analysed. HTC was performed at 250 °C with a residence time of 4 h. The feedstocks and the biochars produced were characterised by different analytical methods, and the effects of pre-treatment on fuel properties were studied. Both processes, HTC and torrefaction, showed inspiring results in the production of biofuels from paper industry wastes under the tested experimental conditions. A positive influence of pre-treatment on fuel properties (higher heating value, carbon content) of the obtained char was observed, and changes in the gas phase during torrefaction were observed.
Ključne besede: thermal treatment of waste, wastewater treatment, hydrothermal carbonisation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 18.04.2024; Ogledov: 237; Prenosov: 8
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3. Analysis of flocculation/flotation as wastewater pretreatment : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnjeJulija Olmedo Gomez, 2021, diplomsko delo Opis: The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to optimize pretreatment of a wastewater from cosmetic industry. The current cleaning process in industry consists of two steps, namely i) AOP (Advanced Oxidation Process), and ii) flocculation/flotation (FF). However, as the HEM (n-Hexane Extractable Materials) decreases the efficiency of the AOP process by heavily blocking the light to penetrate in the wastewater to be cleaned, a first FF in acid environment is introduced in the process as pretreatment. The parameters that were varied to carry out the optimization were i) Fe2(SO4)3 content added in first FF and, ii) H2O2 content. To precise, JAR tests werecarried out to make the FF and the sample was put in a 1.8 L reactor and subjected to UV light in the AOP treatment. For the better distribution of the H2O2 and Fe2(SO4)3 addition to the cleaning process the design of experiment was used. The HEM measured wascarried out according to standard method “United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Method 1664, Revision B: n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry”. We found that the percentage of removal is very high, it goes from 96.3% till more that 99.9%. In average, with this new first FF, the percentage of removal is 98.61% which represents a very high enough removal rate of HEM to achieve the WW disposal limits in most cases. Only 3 out of 9 experiments exceeded the emission limit of 100 mg/L of HEM due to the type of surfactant, which we can conclude it has a strong influence in the removal of HEM.
Ključne besede: AOP, n-hexane extractable material, wastewater pretreatment, flocculation/flotation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 22.10.2021; Ogledov: 852; Prenosov: 31
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4. Biomimetic membranes for forward osmosis application in industrial wastewater treatmentJasmina Korenak, 2018, doktorska disertacija Opis: The problem of wastewater is increasing as we face tighter regulations in limiting parameters for discharge into sewers or surface waters. At the same time, the challenge is also how to upgrade existing technology and identify new appropriate technologies for purification of industrial wastewater for re-use. The optimal solution, which can give the appropriate quality of purified water at acceptable operating costs also is not straightforward. However, increasing environmental legislative demands combined with increased fresh water consumption can facilitate implementation of emerging technologies which at the current state are not fully mature.
Forward Osmosis (FO) is one such recent achievement which is considered as a promising membrane process and potentially a sustainable alternative to reverse osmosis (RO) process for wastewater reclamation and sea/brackish water desalination.
However, there are many limiting parameters (e.g. membrane fouling, draw solutions) in FO process that needs to be studied and improved. To reduce the membrane fouling in FO, many improvements were attempted, e.g. synthesis of different membrane materials, fabrication of membrane modules, membrane coating etc.
One of the novelties in membrane development research field is biomimetic membranes incorporate in separation processes. They employ natural proteins known as AQPs (aqpourins) to regulate the flow of water, providing increased permeability and near-perfect solute rejection. Membrane surface characteristics were measured on virgin, used and cleane membrane in order to confirm the resistance to different types of industrial wastewater and sewage.
Ključne besede: biomimetic membrane, forward osmosis, industrial wastewater, reverse osmosis, textile wastewater, ultrafiltration, wastewater reuse
Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.07.2018; Ogledov: 2065; Prenosov: 125
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5. Forward osmosis in wastewater treatment processesJasmina Korenak, Subhankar Basu, Malini Balakrishnan, Claus Hélix-Nielsen, Irena Petrinić, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In recent years, membrane technology has been widely used in wastewater treatment and water purification. Membrane technology is simple to operate and produces very high quality water for human consumption and industrial purposes. One of the promising technologies for water and wastewater treatment is the application of forward osmosis. Essentially, forward osmosis is a process in which water is driven through a semipermeable membrane from a feed solution to a draw solution due to the osmotic pressure gradient across the membrane. The immediate advantage over existing pressure driven membrane technologies is that the forward osmosis process per se eliminates the need for operation with high hydraulic pressure and forward osmosis has low fouling tendency. Hence, it provides an opportunity for saving energy and membrane replacement cost. However, there are many limitations that still need to be addressed. Here we briefly review some of the applications within water purification and new developments in forward osmosis membrane fabrication.
Ključne besede: wastewater treatment, biomimetic membranes, desalination, draw solutions, forward osmosis
Objavljeno v DKUM: 18.08.2017; Ogledov: 1530; Prenosov: 428
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6. Multivariate analysis and chemometric characterisation of textile wastewater streamsDarja Kavšek, Tina Jerič, Alenka Majcen Le Marechal, Simona Vajnhandl, Adriána Bednárová, Darinka Brodnjak-Vončina, 2013, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The aim of this work was to design a quick and reliable method for the evaluation and classification of wastewater streams into treatable and non-treatable effluents for reuse/recycling. Different chemometric methods were used for this purpose handling the enormous amount of data, and additionally to find any hidden information, which would increase our knowledge and improve the classification. The data obtained from the processes description, together with the analytical results of measured parameters' characterising the wastewater of a particular process, enabled us to build a fast-decision model for separating different textile wastewater outlets. Altogether 49 wastewater samples from the textile finishing company were analysed, and 19 different physical chemical measurements were performed for each of them. The resulting classification model was aimed at an automated decision about the choice of treatment technologies or a prediction about the reusability of wastewaters within any textile finishing or other company having similar characteristics of wastewater streams.
Ključne besede: textile finishing wastewater, chemometrics, multivariate data analysis, wastewater treatment
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1957; Prenosov: 79
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7. The applicability of an advanced oxidation process for textile finishing wastestreams & fate of persistent organic pollutantsJulija Volmajer Valh, Alenka Majcen Le Marechal, Boštjan Križanec, Simona Vajnhandl, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The trend of sustainable use of available water resources encourages textile finishing enterprises to implement efficient wastewater treatment technologies that enable water recycling, and not just itćs discharging into the local wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). This paper presents the results obtained from the H2O2/UV treatment of wastewater from Slovene textile finishing company. Laboratory scale decolouration experiments were performed on the most representative wastewater samples, collected in three months period. In general 80 % decolouration and 86 % total organic carbon (TOC) reduction was achieved. On the other hand, the use of ultraviolet (UV) radiation to degrade and destroy organic pollutants in textile wastewater could lead to the formation of toxic dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, groups of persistent organic pollutants, especially due to the presence of halogenated compounds in textile finishing processes. For these reasons, textile wastewater samples were analysed for any content of dioxins before and after the treatment with H2O2/UV.
Ključne besede: tekstilne odpadne vode, napredni oksidacijski procesi, H2O2/UV, dioksini, textile wastewater, advanced oxidation processes, H2O2/UV, ecological parameters, dioxins
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 2086; Prenosov: 47
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8. The removal of reactive dye printing compounds using nanofiltrationIrena Petrinić, Niels Peder Raj Andersen, Sonja Šostar-Turk, Alenka Majcen Le Marechal, 2007, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A synthetically prepared reactive dye print wastewater, mimicking real wastewater obtained from a local textile mill, was treated by nanofiltration using an NFT-50 membrane in a plate and frame module configuration at different cross-flow velocities (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m/s) and pressures (2-15 bar). The nanofiltration membrane was evaluated for membrane fouling, permeate flux and its suitability for removing colour, conductivity, Na+ ions and COD as a function of operating pressure and feed concentration. The permeate separation efficiency was monitored by measuring the removal efficiency of colour, conductivity, Na+ ions and COD retention. The membrane achieved high dye retention for each of the four dyes (from 99.4 to 99.9%) and electrolytes used (63-73%). The retention of organic substances varied between 20 and 50%, depending on the pressure used; higher retentions were achieved at higher pressure and by using higher cross-flow velocities.
Ključne besede: nanofiltration, nanofitration membranes, wastewater after reactive printing, reactive dye, concentration polarization
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 1997; Prenosov: 98
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9. Uncertainty of nitrate and sulphate measured by ion chromatography in wastewater samplesBrigita Tepuš, Marjana Simonič, 2007, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper presents an evaluation of measurement uncertainty regarding the results of anion (nitrate and sulphate) concentrations in wastewater. Anions were determined by ion chromatography (EN ISO 10304-2, 1996). The major sources of uncertainty regarding the measurement results were identified as contributions to linear least-square or weighted regression lines, precision, trueness, storage conditions, and sampling. Determination of anions in wastewater is very important for the purification procedure, especially the amount of nitrate in waste and potable waters. The determined expanded uncertainty was 6% for nitrate anions and 8.3% for sulphate anions. The difference between measurement uncertainties determined by the two methods, the weighted and linear least-square methods is negligible.
Ključne besede: wastewater, nitrates, sulphates, measurements, measuring uncertainty
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 1901; Prenosov: 357
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10. Residual dyebath purification using a system of constructed wetlandAlenka Ojstršek, Darinka Fakin, Danijel Vrhovšek, 2007, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A constructed wetland model, comprising two different substrate mixtures, was used to purify textile dyebath wastewater. Three laboratory prepared wastewaters containing three commercial dyes of different classes and chemicalconstitution (one vat and two reactive dyes), different chemicals (NaOH, NaCl) and auxiliaries (migration inhibitor, sequestering, defoaming andwetting agents) were employed. Purifying efficiency was verified by measuring pollution parameters, such as absorbance, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and electrical conductivity (EC). It was found that the constructed wetland model reduced dye concentration by up to 70%, lowered the TOC and COD values up to 88%, electrical conductivity up to 60% and pH from 12 to 7.6.
Ključne besede: textile dyeing, reactive dyes, vat dyes, wastewater treatment, constructed wetland model, biological treatment, purification
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 2315; Prenosov: 97
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