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The principle of mutual recognition in the area of freedom security and justice : magistrsko delo
Mihael Pojbič, 2019, master's thesis

Abstract: Mutual recognition in the EU is both a goal and a principle in of itself, constructed and operationalised through individual provisions. The principle of mutual recognition is regarded as fundamental in enabling cooperation between Member States both in civil and criminal matters. The principle of mutual recognition has long ago outgrown the Internal Market and seeped through into judicial matters between Member States in the AFSJ. The accompanying realisation that the EU is not just an economic area is therefore evident. Since the inception of the idea of a Europe free of classical border checks facilitating freedom of movement was manifested, the fear of circumventing the application of judicial decisions became evermore real. Therefore, monumental changes in the fields of international criminal and international private law were expected and implemented in the European union (EU), through the principle of mutual trust and mutual recognition. Subsequently, classical concepts of private international and international criminal law gave way to Europeanised concepts of exequatur, the public policy exception, the principle of reciprocity, the principle of double criminality and the principle of specialty to name a few. It should be noted that these rules had been reserved to be enacted by the Member States. However, by loosening those principles the guarantees and freedoms which they either explicitly or implicitly guard are in danger of being sidestepped in order to enable mutual recognition. Therefore, at the forefront of the debate of mutual recognition of judicial decisions is the question of protecting fundamental rights and legal principles enshrined both in European and domestic legislation of the Member States. The balancing act that the EU preforms has to be careful enough to facilitate mutual recognition while not jeopardizing mutual trust between Member States. Today both EU private international law and EU criminal law work on the basis of the provisions which facilitate mutual recognition and limit it within the AFSJ. Since the basic idea behind mutual recognition is the same, i.e. free movement of judicial decisions, both their manifestations and their limits should strive to respect the basic framework of the field of law form which they stand. While the principle of mutual recognition has been slowly and methodically evolving, there is a sense of urgency with the development of the principle of mutual recognition in criminal matters.
Keywords: The principle of mutual recognition, European arrest warrant, Exequatur, Surrender, General principles of EU law, Recognition and enforcement of judgements, double criminality
Published in DKUM: 17.12.2019; Views: 1386; Downloads: 169
Full text (885,55 KB)

Zamenljive obveznice in obveznice z delniško nakupno opcijo ter pogojno povečanje osnovnega kapitala : doktorska disertacija
Janez Vončina, 2018, doctoral dissertation

Abstract: Zamenljive obveznice in obveznice z delniško nakupno opcijo so obveznice, ki predstavljajo instrumente t.i. mezaninskega kapitala, kajti združujejo tako elemente lastniškega kot dolžniškega kapitala. Čeprav se te obveznice načeloma uvrščajo med instrumente dolžniškega financiranja delniške družbe, jih obeležuje pomembna dodatna kvaliteta: njihovi imetniki lahko pod določenimi pogoji pridobijo delnice družbe. Upravičenju do pridobitve delnic, ki je inkorporirano v zamenljive obveznice oziroma v obveznice z delniško nakupno opcijo, je imanentno tveganje razvodenitve kapitalske udeležbe obstoječih delničarjev, zato je treba njihove interese primerno zavarovati. Slovenski pravni red po zgledu na primerjalne korporacijske ureditve varstvo vzpostavlja na dveh nivojih. Zaostruje pogoje za izdajo teh obveznic, saj sme poslovodstvo emisijo izvršiti le, če s tem soglaša skupščina delničarjev, ter delničarjem zagotavlja prednostno pravico do nakupa obveznic ob njihovi izdaji. Soglasje k izdaji obveznic skupščina poda bodisi z obvezujočim bodisi s pooblastitvenim sklepom. Proceduralne zahteve so v obeh primerih enake. Prednostna pravica delničarjev do nakupa obveznic se lahko tudi izključi, če so za to izpolnjene zahtevane formalne in materialne predpostavke. Pri izvedbi emisije na podlagi pooblastitvenega sklepa sme skupščina za izključitev prednostne pravice pooblastiti poslovodstvo, kar je nujno za ohranitev potrebne fleksibilnosti pri pridobivanju hibridnega kapitala. Varovanje delničarjev s prednostno pravico se zagotavlja ne le v postopku izdaje obveznic, temveč tudi v primeru njihove odsvojitve s strani družbe - izdajateljice, ki je obveznice poprej derivativno pridobila. Upravičenje imetnikov obveznic, da pridobijo delnice družbe, za slednjo pomeni obveznost, da delnice efektivno zagotovi. Najprimernejši mehanizem za ta namen je pogojno povečanje osnovnega kapitala, to pa zaradi tega, ker funkcionalno uravnoteži interese vseh deležnikov - družbe, imetnikov obveznic in obstoječih delničarjev. Temeljna predpostavka za izdajo delnic iz naslova pogojnega povečanja osnovnega kapitala je vpis sklepa skupščine (o takšnem povečanju osnovnega kapitala) v sodni register. Če je sklep skupščine neveljaven, je neveljaven tudi vpis izdaje delnic, zato je treba s tožbo v pravdnem postopku - če naj bo ta sposobna za meritorno obravnavo - uveljavljati dva zahtevka - ničnostni oziroma izpodbojni zahtevek zoper sklep skupščine in zahtevek na ugotovitev ničnosti vpisa izdaje delnic. Ob emisiji delnic je poslovodstvo vezano na dve omejitvi: - izdati jih je mogoče le za namen, ki je opredeljen v sklepu skupščine o pogojnem povečanju osnovnega kapitala; - izdaja je dopustna šele po plačilu celotnega emisijskega zneska. Ključna razlika med njima se pokaže v primeru njihovih kršitev. Če namreč poslovodstvo delnice izda za drugačen namen, kot ga je določila skupščina, so delnice nične, medtem ko so delnice, izdane pred njihovim polnim plačilom, veljavne.
Keywords: zamenljive obveznice, obveznice z delniško nakupno opcijo, pogojno povečanje osnovnega kapitala, osnovni kapital, pogojni kapital, doktorske disertacije, convertible bonds, bonds with stock purchase warrant, conditional increase of share capital, share capital, conditional capital, dissertation theses
Published in DKUM: 05.03.2018; Views: 3751; Downloads: 489
Full text (1,95 MB)

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