Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: Purpose: This article analyses perspectives on youth crime prevention in samples of 13–17 year old students from 6 European countries and of practitioners/experts in Belgium and Germany. Design/Methods/Approach: Surveys were conducted among urban and rural school students (n = 10682). Expert and practitioner perspectives were taken into account using Delphi surveys, standardized surveys on the state of youth crime prevention, and semistructured interviews with practitioners in the areas where the school surveys were conducted. Findings: While the majority of students have been targeted by drug abuse prevention measures, rates for violence prevention are lower. Students ascribe moderate preventive potential to school and they regard peers and parents as most influential in prevention while professional agents are viewed as less important. Punitive approaches are not rejected, but approaches focusing on individual resources and problems are given priority. Experts point at the significance of socioeconomic factors related to the problem of (youth) delinquency and hence of social policy measures. They recommend prevention starting at an early age, strengthening social skills and following multi-professional approaches. Research Limitations / Implications: Schools surveys excluded special schools, and response rates in expert surveys were low or moderate. Practical Implications: Findings point to young persons’ understanding of factors influencing their behaviour and at connections between involvement in offending and accessibility for approaches to prevention. Expert surveys show needs for improvement in the field of prevention, especially in terms of funding, evaluation, and fundamental strategic approaches. Originality/Value: Perspectives of both actors and targets of preventive approaches are taken into account.
Ključne besede: prevention, juvenile delinquency, school survey, expert survey, drug abuse, violence
Objavljeno: 23.04.2020; Ogledov: 313; Prenosov: 18
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Opis: The economic attraction and competitiveness of the regions depends on the spatially balanced network-based co-operation of different research bases and firms involved in innovation development. The utilisation of the regional knowledge base, innovation potential and co- operation between businesses and universities & research institutions continues to play an increasing role in regard to business success and the competitive economic performance of the regions. Innovation is considered as an interactive and system-like process depending on traditions with definite spatial forms and it is manifested in the form of “networks” among the companies and universities, and among the different transfer organisations, which can stimulate university-industry linkages. The paper presents the findings of the “ERAWATCH regional benchmarking surveys – in which the South Transdanubian region participated in – on innovation potential and investment into research” surveys concentrating on the role of innovation networks, within them highlighting the special role of regional universities in the collaborative research networks. The introduction is followed by a demonstration highlighting the role of universities in national and regional knowledge transfer emphasizing the fact that the spatial (regional) structure of innovation is very much determined by the transformation of potential universities and their widening innovative functions during the economic transition in Hungary. The next section provides an overview of findings of the ERAWATCH survey (2006) on the role of universities in regional network building and discusses those factors that are necessary for the establishment of a research university model. The last section assesses the efficiency and coherence of the Regional Innovation System with regard to the needs and capacities of the regional economies and the extent of matching or mismatching between the knowledge and economic specialization.
Ključne besede: regional innovation, knowledge base, ERAWATCH Survey, university-firm links, knowledge and economic specialization
Objavljeno: 14.03.2018; Ogledov: 495; Prenosov: 67
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Opis: In the North West of England the issue of a perceived infrastructure gap is of increasing concern. Investment needs to be made to improve the transport infrastructure of the region if it is to be expected to promote the development of its own regional logistics gateway. Funding tools have been set up to address the challenges arising from the imbalance in infrastructure development that exists between regions in the north of the United Kingdom and those in the south. For regions with well developed economies the outlook is promising as the availability of modern transport infrastructure looks set to improve. However, some sources believe that the development of new transport infrastructure will have a negative impact upon sustainable development. It is expected that this will occur in a range of both direct and indirect ways. As a result, it is critical that planning for the creation of new intermodal transport infrastructure, or the upgrading of that which already exists, takes into account the impact that these developments will have on the sustainable development of the host region. A scenario based development methodology is proposed in this paper. It was developed to provide a way to identify potential scenarios that may arise within a given region as a result of transport infrastructure projects. To create significant scenarios the methodology is dependent on the availability of a sufficient quantity of quality data. For this paper that data was collected through a focus group composed of stakeholders from the region in question. This was further supported by the performance of an impact survey using the same group of stakeholders.
Ključne besede: multi-modal logistics, gateways north west england, focus group, impact survey, scenarios
Objavljeno: 17.11.2017; Ogledov: 948; Prenosov: 243
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Opis: Purpose: The article gives basic notes about fear of crime as an important issue in contemporary criminology, describes certain characteristics of fear of crime in Skopje, and compares socio-demographic variables and the socio-psychological model of fear of crime proposed by Van der Wurff, Van Staalduinen and Stringer (1989). Design/Methods/Approach: The study employed a multi-stage random probability sampling method for a survey among citizens of urban areas of the capital of the Republic of Macedonia (Skopje) using face-to- face interviews conducted in March, 2009. Findings: The results showed that the respondents felt relatively safe in their neighbourhood; however, 67% of them pointed out that there were certain parts in the city where they didn’t want to go.The results show that greater fear of crime occurs among women, the elderly, those who think that woods are unsafe, those who fear they are not capable of chasing potential assailants, and those who sometimes imagine that someone would obstruct their path and when they go out make sure to take a safe route. Comparing the results of the regression analysis, the socio-psychological model does not explain fear of crime among respondents (R-Square, adj- 0.25) more than socio-demographic model. This indicates that further research should employ new psychological variables for better operationalization of existing models. Research Limitations/Implications: The results refer only to urban areas of Skopje. Improvements should be made to the questions used in the questionnaire paying special attention to the operationalization of the impact of the media on fear of crime. Originality/Value: The article will contribute to raising the importance of the issue of fear of crime as a significant part of criminal policy especially in the Republic of Macedonia.
Ključne besede: fear of crime, survey, Skopje, Macedonia
Objavljeno: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 465; Prenosov: 29
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