1. New suptech tool of the predictive generation for insurance companies : the case of the European marketTimotej Jagrič, Daniel Zdolšek, Robert Horvat, Iztok Kolar, Niko Erker, Jernej Merhar, Vita Jagrič, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Financial innovation, green investments, or climate change are changing insurers’ business ecosystems, impacting their business behaviour and financial vulnerability. Supervisors and other stakeholders are interested in identifying the path toward deterioration in the insurance company’s financial health as early as possible. Suptech tools enable them to discover more and to intervene in a timely manner. We propose an artificial intelligence approach using Kohonen’s self-organizing maps. The dataset used for development and testing included yearly financial statements with 4058 observations for European composite insurance companies from 2012 to 2021. In a novel manner, the model investigates the behaviour of insurers, looking for similarities. The model forms a map. For the obtained groupings of companies from different geographical origins, a common characteristic was discovered regarding their future financial deterioration. A threshold defined using the solvency capital requirement (SCR) ratio being below 130% for the next year is applied to the map. On the test sample, the model correctly identified on average 86% of problematic companies and 79% of unproblematic companies. Changing the SCR ratio level enables differentiation into multiple map sections. The model does not rely on traditional methods, or the use of the SCR ratio as a dependent variable but looks for similarities in the actual insurer’s financial behaviour. The proposed approach offers grounds for a Suptech tool of predictive generation to support early detection of the possible future financial distress of an insurance company. Ključne besede: European insurance market, suptech, supervision, financial deterioration identification, neural networks Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.03.2024; Ogledov: 220; Prenosov: 17 Celotno besedilo (2,55 MB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
2. ADVANCED CONTROL OF A VEHICLE THERMAL MANAGEMENT DEMONSTRATOR : magistrsko deloTilen Semenič, 2021, magistrsko delo Opis: Within the AVL LIST GmbH a demonstration system of generic engine cooling circuit, using the computer cooling components for testing different vehicle thermal management advanced control strategies has been made. The master’s thesis includes the integration of a prototype control unit into the demonstration system, which enables to develop, optimize and test new control strategies in real-time and environment. The build-in components that assemble the demonstrator system are connected in a representative sequence, as well as a prototype control unit that allows the system to be operated. The second part of the master's thesis is the creation of a system control model in the MATLAB®/Simulink® software environment, as well as the creation of a visualization model using the ControlDesk software environment from dSPACE GmbH. The third part of the thesis contains the implementation of various control strategies and their impact on the demonstration system. A comparison of the results between different control strategies is shown in the last chapter. Ključne besede: thermal management, control, supervision, rapid control prototyping, vehicles, control prototypes Objavljeno v DKUM: 16.07.2021; Ogledov: 956; Prenosov: 90 Celotno besedilo (4,11 MB) |
3. Systemic direction and supervision of police work in the Republic of Slovenia : current situation analysisMaja Modic, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of the target research project "Effectiveness of Systemic Supervision of the Police in Regard to Human Rights as well as the Statutory and Professional Standards of Police Work (V5-1942)". We focused on the implementation of systemic supervision of police work, more precisely, on the operations of the Division for System Guidelines and Supervision of the Police, which operates within the Police and Security Directorate. Design/Methods/Approach: We examined how systemic supervisory activity of the work of the police is regulated by Slovenian law, limiting ourselves to the work of the Division for System Guidelines and Supervision of the Police. Based on the findings and an additional review of anonymised supervision reports, we prepared a questionnaire and conducted a structured written interview as well as oral interviews with the Division's employees. Findings: Systemic supervision efforts are contributing significantly to the quality of policing, but challenges and opportunities for improvement still remain. One of the main challenges is keeping police officers informed about supervision reports and effectively implementing inspection findings. Research Limitations/Implication: In the part of the study described, we focus exclusively on the work of the Division for System Guidelines and Supervision of the Police and take a look at systemic supervision activities solely from the Division's point of view. For a more complete overview of the matter, our findings should be compared with the perspective of those being supervised, i.e. the police officers who have undergone supervision. Originality/Value: The main added value of the paper is that it examines how supervisors perceive their own work and the organisation, operation and effectiveness of systemic supervisions of police work. Ključne besede: systemic supervision of police work, Division for System Guidelines and Supervision of the Police, Police and Security Directorate, Slovenia Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.06.2021; Ogledov: 1078; Prenosov: 22 Povezava na celotno besedilo |
4. Supervision of medical activitiesGrega Strban, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: It is investigated what kind of supervision could be exercised over medical activities in order to ensure the highest attainable quality of healthcare and access to medical services. To this end rights and especially duties of healthcare providers, definitions of sickness and effective healthcare provision, as well as various supervisory mechanisms and procedures for enforcing the rights, are analysed. It is argued that legal definitions of sickness and effective healthcare provision, stricter supervisory mechanisms and a single, legally regulated professional complaint procedure are required de lege ferenda. Ključne besede: healthcare provision, sickness, mandatory health insurance, supervision, complaint proceedings, judicial review Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.10.2018; Ogledov: 1012; Prenosov: 81 Celotno besedilo (333,49 KB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
5. RAZVOJ INFORMACIJSKEGA SISTEMA ZA PODPORO LOGISTIČNIM PROCESOM PRI ZEMELJSKI OSKRBI LETALUroš Burgar, 2016, diplomsko delo/naloga Opis: V diplomski nalogi smo razvili spletno aplikacijo Ground Handling Supervison, s katero ima kontrolor oskrbe letala večji nadzor in pregled nad logističnimi procesi zemeljske oskrbe določenega letala. Pri njenem razvoju smo uporabili tehnologije, ki so prosto dostopne na svetovnem spletu.
Predstavili smo Letališče Jožeta Pučnika Ljubljana in družbo Aerodrom Ljubljana d.o.o., ki upravlja z letališčem. Spoznali smo zemeljsko oskrbo na ljubljanskem letališču in njene službe, seznanili smo se s prometnoinformacijskim sistemom in naredili posnetek logističnih procesov pri zemeljski oskrbi letala.
Spletno aplikacijo Ground Handling Supervision smo razvili v več fazah razvoja informacijskega sistema. Za izdelavo in oblikovanje interaktivnih spletnih strani aplikacije smo uporabili HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, jQuery in AJAX. Strežniški del aplikacije smo razvili z Node.js, Express Framework, Socket.IO, Passport.js in Moment.js. Podatke o letih, uporabnikih, končanih procesih oskrbe letala, končanih procesih oskrbe letala z gorivom in sporočila med uporabniki zapisujemo v podatkovno bazo MongoDB.
Aplikacija izboljša komunikacijo pri procesih zemeljske oskrbe letal in prepreči podvajanje informacij, pomembne informacije vedno pridejo do končnih uporabnikov, storitve pri zemeljski oskrbi letal se naročajo neposredno pri izvajalcu storitve, časovno beleženje procesov pa je nadgradnja obstoječega načina dela.
Aplikacijo smo preverili na dveh testnih primerih in podali predloge za izboljšave, kot so beleženje vseh procesov pri zemeljski oskrbi letal ter optimizacija procesov, kjer so nujno potrebne povratne informacije in podatki o stanju posameznega procesa. Ključne besede: Aplikacija Ground Handling Supervision, Letališče Jožeta Pučnika Ljubljana, Zemeljska oskrba letal, Node.js, MongoDB, Spletna aplikacija, Realnočasovna komunikacija, JavaScript Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.07.2016; Ogledov: 1817; Prenosov: 165 Celotno besedilo (1,75 MB) |
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7. Tveganje v bančništvu in njihovo upravljanjeTerezija Branda, 2009, diplomsko delo Opis: Banke igrajo kljuÄno vlogo v nacionalnih ekonomijah veÄine držav po svetu. Zdrav banÄni sistem je pomemben element finanÄne stabilnosti, ki pomeni osnovo za vzdževanje in razvoj gospodarskega sistema. Osnovna funkcija banÄnega sistema je finanÄno posredniÅ¡tvo: zbiranje finanÄnih sredstev od tistih, ki imajo presežke in njihovo posojanje tistim podjetjem ali posamezniku, ki jih potrebujejo.
Prevzemanje tveganj je neloÄljivo povezano z banÄniÅ¡tvom, pomanjkljivo zavedanje in upravljanje s tveganji pa lahko vodi v izgubo in ogrozi varnost banÄnih vlog. Zaradi pomembne vloge v nacionalni ekonomiji in zaupanja, ki ga imajo vlagatelji v banke, morajo te poslovati skrbno in varno ter vzdrževati primeren nivo kapitala in rezervacij za zaÅ¡Äito pred morebitnimi tveganji, ki izhajajo iz poslovanja. Vse banke so v ta namen podvržene nadzoru s strani države za to pooblaÅ¡Äenih institucij.
V zadnjih letih je finanÄni sektor doživel mnogo sprememb. DanaÅ¡nji banÄni sistem zaznamujejo predvsem:
* naraÅ¡ÄajoÄi obsegi trgovalnih aktivnosti,
* razvoj finanÄnih instrumentov,
* pojav globalizacije (24-urni trgi),
* povezovanje finanÄnih institucij,
* kompleksni poslovni odnosi z najveÄjimi strankami,
* podružnice postajajo prodajna mesta za vrsto razliÄnih produktov,
* naraÅ¡ÄajoÄa odvisnost od informacijske tehnologije,
* vse bolj zahtevna regulativa.
NaÅ¡teti dejavniki so botrovali vse hitrejÅ¡emu razvoju novih finanÄnih instrumentov, vzporedno s katerimi se pojavljajo nove oblike tveganj, ki so bolj kompleksne in manj transparentne. ÄŒe so v preteklosti finanÄni in raÄunovodski izkazi bank služili kot osnovno orodje za ocenjevanje varnosti in finanÄne moÄi banke, postaja danes njihova izrazna moÄ v smislu tveganosti banke vse bolj omejena. Analiza stanj na presežne datume ne zagotavlja veÄ ustrezne slike glede dejanske tveganosti banke.
Spremembam banÄne prakse mora slediti tudi nadzorna praksa, ki se iz pregleda usklajenosti z zakonodajo razÅ¡irja na ugotavljanje in ocenjevanje tveganj. Ker pa je tveganje rezultat kombinacije izpostavljenosti pripadajoÄemu tveganju in zmanjÅ¡evanju le – tega z notranjimi kontrolami, so predmet ocenjevanja poleg pripadajoÄega tveganja tudi notranje kontrole.
BanÄni nadzornik, ki po funkciji sam sicer ni nagnjen k prevzemanju tveganj, razume, da je temelj banÄniÅ¡tva v prevzemanju tveganj in da bo banka vedno izpostavljena doloÄenemu obsegu tveganja. Pomembno pri tem pa je, da se banka zaveda tveganja in da ima vzpostavljene ustrezne obrambne mehanizme za njegovo obvladovanje. Banke so zadnja leta izvedle pomembne investicije v razvoj novih metodologij, procedur in kontrol z namenom boljÅ¡ega identificiranja, merjenja in upravljanja tveganj. Vendar pa vzpostavljanje notranjih kontrol ni enkraten proces, ampak jih je treba redno pregledovati, preverjati in po potrebi nadgrajevati.
Upravljanje s kapitalom je zelo pomemben del strateÅ¡kega planiranja vsake banke. Prenizka raven kapitala lahko banko izpostavlja prekomernemu tveganju propada, po drugi strani pa previsok kapital banko sili k dvigovanju marž in provizij, da bi lahko zagotovila delniÄarjem primeren donos na vložena sredstva. Banka mora imeti vzpostavljen takÅ¡en proces upravljanja s kapitalom, ki bo zajel vsa materialna tveganja, ki se jim izpostavlja in bo pravoÄasno zaznaval spremembe v posamezni vrsti tveganja in temu ustrezno tudi prilagajal obseg razpoložljivega kapitala.
Vzpostavljanje pisne strategije, politike in procedure predstavljajo del notranjih kontrol, ki lahko bistveno zmanjÅ¡ajo kapitalsko tveganje banke. Interne politike in procedure morajo postati strateÅ¡ki element upravljanja s tveganjem, pri Äemer je potrebno doseÄi, da se bodo dosledno izvajale in ne bodo same sebi namen. Ključne besede: * advanced measurement approach – napredni pristop
* basic indicator approach – enostavni pristop
* capital adequacy – kapitalska usreznost
* compliance – skladnost s predpisi
* inherent risk – pripadajoče tveganje
* internal auditing – notranje revidiranje
* moral hazard – moralno tveganje
* off-site supervision – zunanji nadzor
* on-site supervision – notranji nadzor
* risk-based supervision – nadzor, ki temelji na tveganju
* standardised a Objavljeno v DKUM: 03.07.2009; Ogledov: 3634; Prenosov: 283 Celotno besedilo (613,93 KB) |