1. Police interrogations through the prism of scienceIgor Areh, 2016, review article Abstract: Several approaches can be employed for information gathering from human sources, differing in their theoretical basis, goals, realisation, and ethical acceptability. The paper critically presents and compares two prevalent approaches to suspect interrogation used by the police. The older, prevalent interrogation approach focuses on obtaining suspects' incriminating statements and admissions, which severely elevates the risk of false confessions. Consequently, this interrogation approach is termed accusatorial or coercive since suspects are forced to admit to a crime. The newer interrogation approach is the information-gathering approach, also known as the investigative interview. It focuses on gathering accurate information in order to exclude or accuse a suspect in a criminal investigation. In comparison with coercive interrogation models, the information-gathering approach has a lower probability of false confessions since suspects are exposed to significantly lower levels of psychological pressure. Moreover, it is ethically more acceptable, has scientific grounds, enables the gathering of more accurate information, and has been found to be at least as ef fective as the coercive approach in criminal investigations. The investigative interview relies mainly on findings from social psychology. An analysis of coercive interrogation models reveals that they have no scientific basis and as such rely mainly on uncorroborat ed common-sense assumptions from authorities. In developed countries, coercive interrogation models are increasingly being replaced by the information-gathering approach, a trend connected with the enforcement of high human rights standards and a higher aware ness of risks associated with coercive interrogation methods by the general public, academia, and professionals alike.
Keywords: social psychology, interrogation, police, suspects, coercion, investigative interview
Published in DKUM: 13.07.2017; Views: 1920; Downloads: 417
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2. What is seen is who you are: are cues in selfie pictures related to personality characteristics?Bojan Musil, Andrej Preglej, Tadevž Ropert, Lucia Klasinc, Nenad Čuš Babič, 2017, original scientific article Abstract: Developments and innovation in the areas of mobile information technology, digital media and social networks foster new reflections on computer-mediated communication research, especially in the field of self-presentation. In this context, the selfie as a self-portrait photo is interesting, because as a meaningful gesture, it actively and directly relates the content of the photo to the author of the picture. From the perspective of the selfie as an image and the impression it forms, in the first part of the research we explored the distinctive characteristics of selfie pictures; moreover, from the perspective of the potential reflection of a selfie image on the personality of its author, in the second part we related the characteristics of selfie pictures to various personality constructs (e.g., Big Five personality traits narcissism and femininity-masculinity). Important aspects of selfies especially in relation to gender include the tilt of the head, the side of the face exhibited, mood and head position, later related also to the context of the selfie picture. We found no significant relations between selfie cues and personality constructs. The face-ism index was related to entitlement, and selfie availability to neuroticism.
Keywords: psychology, selfies, self-presentations, social media, selfie coding, personality assessment
Published in DKUM: 10.07.2017; Views: 1846; Downloads: 743
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3. Religious sentiment as peripheral : cross-cultural study of religious orientation by multidimensional scalingSergej Flere, Miran Lavrič, Bojan Musil, Rudi Klanjšek, 2007, original scientific article Abstract: The relation between intrinsic and extrinsic orientations was studied in four samples of believing affiliates (Bosnian Muslims, Serbian Orthodox, Slovenian Catholics and US Protestants). By exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and by multidimensional scaling (MDS), differences in patterns of religious orientations were discerned in the various cultures. By EFA, in the two European settings a closeness between intrinsic (I) and extrinsic personal(EP) orientation was noted. Beside that extrinsic other (EO) items, indicating peripheral nature of the religious sentiment, appeared as a separate dimension. The CFA produced slight differences in this direction, still allowing for a four component finding. The two dimensional presentation in MDS also indicated a similarity in pattern of the dimensions of religious orientation. In all four cases a pattern in the distribution of items appears allowing for naming the vertical axis as indicating the variation between centrality and periphery, and the horizontal one as indicating the variation between social and personal dimensions in religious sentiment.
Keywords: social psychology, religion, cross-cultural studies, extrinsic orientation, intrinsic orientation, multidimensional scaling
Published in DKUM: 07.06.2012; Views: 2103; Downloads: 137
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4. Entrepreneurs : talent, temperament, techniqueBill Bolton, John Thompson, 2000, professional work Keywords: entrepreneurship, success of business operation, creativity, strategy, entrepreneurs, talent, characterisation, enterprises, personality psychology, psychotechnics, business psychology, social ecology, personality, manuals, case study
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 2041; Downloads: 58
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