1. Impact of social networks on the labor market inequalities and school-to-work transitionsMahmut Özer, Matjaž Perc, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Countries invest in education systems in order to increase the quality of their human capital. In this context, it is seen that especially after the expansion of the higher education systems, countries try to increase higher education graduation rates in order to improve the quality of human resources in the labor market. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to facilitate the transitions from school-to-work, and to increase social welfare by meeting the human resources needs of the labor market. The facilitation of school-to-work transitions has a direct impact on youth unemployment. School-to-work transitions are influenced not only by the quality of education from primary to higher education but also by the dynamics of the labor market. Social network analysis can provide important insights into this dynamics, and in doing so reveal that there are indeed many factors that play a key role in determining who gets a job and why, including, first and foremost, social contacts. An analysis of job search channels reveals that partners, friends, and relatives are those social contacts that are most decisive for employment outcomes. Research reveals that employers use social-contact-based reference channels much more frequently than formal channels for recruitment. Thus, employers frequently use such reference channels in recruitment. It has also been shown that the use of social-contact channels reduces employers' costs of finding suitable employees and increases productivity since employees hired through these channels also stay longer in their firms. We here explore the full potential of social network analysis to better our understanding of school-to-work transitions, to reveal in no uncertain terms the importance of social contacts, and to show how these insights can be leveraged to level the labor market for all involved. An important take-home message is that the labor market dynamics is strongly affected by the Matthew effect, such that the inequalities and the gaps between opportunities only grow and widen as the underlying social networks evolve. It is therefore important to mitigate these effects well before school-to-work transitions come into play, namely during the education. In particular, we assert that minimizing the inequalities during education should effectively mitigate the uneven impact of social networks on school-to-work transitions.
Ključne besede: employment, higher education, inequality, labor market, Matthew effect, social network
Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 7
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2. Dual career development perspective : factors affecting quality of post-sport career transition of employed olympic athletesPetra Robnik, Edvard Kolar, Boro Štrumbelj, Marko Ferjan, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Although Olympic athletes are celebrated for their sports achievements, they often face serious difficulties in their post-sport career employment. Factors of development that are affecting the quality of post-sport career transition of Olympic athletes are important to acknowledge in the dual career (DC) development perspective. Due to the side lining of academic activities, athletes are often not well prepared for the labor market. If they do not gain sufficient financial background in their careers, it can lead to a lack of proper economic inclusion of athletes in their post-sport career employment and further impact their lives. Career transitions of athletes have been the subject of research in different aspects of DC support (e.g., athletic, psychological, psychosocial, academic/vocational, financial), but most research is linked to the student-athlete DC perspective. Therefore, the aim of our research was to examine the impact of factors directly contributing to the quality of the post-sport career transition in Slovenian elite and Olympic athletes and the social class position and employment of these athletes after the termination of their sports career. From DC support practice, we learned that although athletes often have a proper level of education, their post-sport career transitions were not successful. To fill this gap, 168 elite athletes (Mage = 33.34, SD = 13.1) from Slovenia were asked to complete online questionnaires. The results showed a significant contribution of education and DC support-related finances (e.g., employment of athletes in public administration) to the quality of post-sport career transition. Regarding developing a national DC model and based on empirical research, this study identifies the social class position and employment status of former elite athletes from Slovenia. It also identifies opportunities for further research on the quality of the post-sport career transitions and perspectives on DC support. Understanding how different factors contribute to the integrated development of individual athletes to reach their potential in sports, education, and their post-sport career employment is important for theorists, DC practitioners, and stakeholders working with DC athletes. To develop a sufficient mechanism, DC support providers should consider supporting education along with the financial support of athletes during their sports careers and recognizing study-training ecosystems, based on good practices to successfully transition to their post-sport careers. These findings can also be useful for athletes and their athletic triangle support network (e.g., coaches and parents) as a support in the decision-making.
Ključne besede: dual career, olympic athletes, post-sport career transition, factors of development, employment, quality
Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.07.2024; Ogledov: 140; Prenosov: 11
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4. The impact of digital technologies and digitalization on labour law : the case of SloveniaMitja Stefancic, Elizabeta Zirnstein, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Building on research focusing on the impact of digital technologies on the labour market, this paper provides an interpretation of major findings by reference to labour law in Slovenia. It is argued that the existing labour law in Slovenia does a reasonable job in dealing with the changes we are witnessing in digital economy. However, the problem is in the implementation of workers rights in practice. The workers are not taking action to enforce their legal rights as much as one could expect. In addition to this, employers do not put enough attention to the challenges that digitalisation brings in the field of health at work and in the field of workers% skills. Therefore, the Slovene government should embark upon a system of reforms to improve the promptness of courts in labour disputes. It should also appoint more labour inspectors. At the same time, employers should adopt practical solutions regarding the organisation of working process with aim to diminish the negative impacts of digitalisation on health at work. Furthermore, the employers should put more attention to the development of workers skills, especially those which, according to theory, will be crucial in the future.
Ključne besede: digital technology, technological progress, Slovene labour law, employment relations, working conditions, social security
Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.01.2021; Ogledov: 753; Prenosov: 37
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5. The transition of young people from study to employment in the light of student workVesna Novak, Anja Žnidaršič, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background and Purpose: We are living in a time of accelerated globalization, which has a far-reaching impact for youth employment. Therefore, the paper presents the problem of the transition of tertiary educated young people into the working environment in terms of the importance of education and gaining work experience during their studies. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the attitudes and thinking of students regarding the selection of studies and work experience that young people are gaining during their studies with student work in connection with their job prospects.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The data used in our research come from a broader research on Slovenian Youths (SY) dating back to 2013. Among all the respondents of SY we selected those who classified themselves as students aged between 19 and 24, who filled out the part of the questionnaire pertaining to employment. The research hypotheses were tested with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples t-test.
Results: We found that among students who chose to study for different reasons there were differences in the belief that they will immediately find employment after graduating. We also found that between those students who supported themselves during their studies and those who only studied there were differences in individual statements regarding their transition from education to employment. We concluded that work during their studies, especially in the field of the profession they were studying for, had a positive impact on the thinking of students pertaining to the transition toward employment.
Conclusion: The analysis of employment issues faced by young people with tertiary education was supported by empirical data, while in conclusion suggestions for improvement were presented. The article also deepens the understanding of the problems of youth employment in a broader perspective and the understanding of the observed developments in society.
Ključne besede: youth employment, tertiary education, work experience, job search
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.10.2018; Ogledov: 1988; Prenosov: 371
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6. Part-time jobs: opportunity or obstacle? : case of the Moravian-Silesian RegionŠárka Čemerková, Irena Šebestová, Roman Šperka, 2018, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Background and Purpose: Part-time employment could be seen as a modern form of employment or a type of innovative organizational change. The average share of part-time jobs in the Czech Republic in the observed period of 2004-2016 was 3.9 % according to the OECD, in comparison to the average OECD value of 16.6%. The main question to arise was, are there any regional differences? The presented conclusions are based on a regional study in the Moravian-Silesian Region (MSR) in the Czech Republic where the median value of part- time jobs is 10%. The main goal is to evaluate the regional level of part-time job offers and identify the main opportunities and obstacles which cause the low number of these job positions.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper is based on a quantitative study using a questionnaire-based survey, comprising 215 respondents – owners of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Moravian-Silesian Re- gion in the Czech Republic. The survey consists of 16 questions in three main areas: (i) Entrepreneurial motivation (1 item), (ii) External factors – Labour market problems (4 items), and (iii) Internal factors. Secondary information such as the results of earlier studies and regional government websites were used for data results comparison. All variables are compared in the context of the branch of business, number of employees, turnover, and age. Finally, a factor analysis was used to find the main way how to improve part-time job offers.
Results: The variety of businesses and different regional locations opens up space for discussion regarding part- time job support. A factor analysis found five significant issues, which could affect local labour market and company behaviour.
Conclusion: The added value of the paper can be seen in the factor identification, where internal willingness to sup- port part-time employment and qualification growth as organizational change must be in first place.
Ključne besede: flexibility, Moravian Silesian Region, part-time employment, SME
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.10.2018; Ogledov: 1079; Prenosov: 157
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7. Flexicurity or flexicarity? : a Portuguese overviewNoemia Bessa Vilela, José Caramelo Gomes, Natacha Silva, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Due to the increasing competition on the labour market, the search for new approaches to labour legislations led to the creation and adoption, in some countries, of so called “flexicurity”. “Flexicurity” became top of the list in the policy agenda in the European Union, but there is doubt that such an agenda for encompassing labour market reform providing not employment. As sources are used “flexicurity” models, in countries where it has already been successfully implemented, as well as Eurostat data, information made available by the European Commission, as well as doctrinal and research papers. Portuguese jurisdiction is considered by national legal doctrine as a closed model. Heavy regulation and constitutional constraints drive an almost unanimous rejection of the possibility to introduce the concept at national level. This article's goal is to discuss the ways the concept could be introduced in the Portuguese jurisdiction. Would the model effectively create security, or would it result in precarity?
Ključne besede: labour, flexicurity, security, flexibility, employment
Objavljeno v DKUM: 02.08.2018; Ogledov: 1199; Prenosov: 69
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8. Role of livestock husbandry on rural transformation in North India : a case studyAsif Iqubal, 2010, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Livestock husbandry is an important source of economic activity in the agricultural sector contributing a major portion of GDP to India and improving the socio-economic conditions for people in general and rural people in particular. Livestock husbandry has been practiced, usually in rural areas, since ancient times. The increasing urbanization of the growing popula- tion and the changing food habits of people has enhanced the demand of livestock products worldwide. Thus, the world’s livestock sector is growing at an unprecedented rate in developing countries. India is one developing country that shares the largest number of livestock and has a top position in milk production in the world. The livestock in India with 185 million cattle and 98 million buffaloes possesses 20% of the world’s bovine and 14% of the world's cattle population. A micro level geographical area known as Aligarh district in north India has been selected for study. The data regarding various aspects of livestock husbandry at the grass roots level is not available in recorded form. 12 villages from the district have been selected for field survey to generate data regarding the socio economic transformation of rural people in the study region. The study revealed that livestock husbandry shows upward dynamism in terms of numbers. A positive growth of 7.5% livestock as a whole has been observed through the data analysis of two points of time i.e. 1993 and 2003. 83% of the workforce of households surveyed in the rural areas is found to be involved directly or indirectly in livestock husbandry, and it is practiced by landless, marginal and small farmers particularly.
Ključne besede: livestock, women's participation, employment, economic viability
Objavljeno v DKUM: 29.03.2018; Ogledov: 1245; Prenosov: 133
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9. Unemployment and government's subsidizingVlado Dimovski, Miha Marič, Jasmina Žnidaršič, Marko Ferjan, Miha Uhan, 2011, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Unemployment has become more and more pressing matter nowadays. Governments all across the world are implementing policies to increase the employment rates back to the levels before the economic downturn. One of the most important policies implemented by countries governments were employment subsidies, which means that companies got government funding when employing and also that private citizens had the possibility for entrepreneurship stimulus packages. The scope of our study was to determine how the gross domestic product and the government's subsidizing on a country's level affect the number of unemployed on a country level. We have conducted the empirical part of our study on the case of Slovenia and found out that gross domestic product has a bigger effect on the number of unemployed than government's subsidies.
Ključne besede: labour market, employment, government, subsidies
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.01.2018; Ogledov: 1334; Prenosov: 172
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10. Training in diversity managementSonja Treven, Urška Treven, 2007, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The labor force all around the world is becoming increasingly diverse. Thus, organizations that can manage employee diversity effectively gain a competitive advantage. In such organizations diversity training is a necessity. Diversity training helps managers understand and value individual differences and develop strong diagnostic skills. The paper explores various approaches to training, like awareness-based and skill-based diversity training. A special attention to potential problems that may occur in the process of diversity training is given.
Ključne besede: diversity management, training, employment, competitiveness, human resources, management
Objavljeno v DKUM: 26.07.2017; Ogledov: 1736; Prenosov: 494
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