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Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing worldwide. This is due to the widespread and often uncontrolled release of antibiotics into surface water, drinking water, and the food chain. The traces of antibiotics (ng/L to μg/L) bioaccumulate, disrupt ecosystems, and accelerate AMR, yet regulatory monitoring remains inadequate. Sensitive analytical methods for the detection and quantification of antibiotics at trace levels in complex matrices are therefore essential. Conventional techniques, i.e., liquid or gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis, offer high accuracy but are associated with costly instrumentation, lengthy workflows, and extensive sample preparation. Electrochemical sensors based on advanced nanomaterials, particularly magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), have attracted considerable interest due to their advantages in sensitivity and selectivity, wide linear dynamic ranges, extremely low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), low instrument cost, and rapid response. This review provides a critical overview of recent advances in MNP-based electrochemical platforms for antibiotic detection. The focus is on wet-chemical synthesis routes, modification approaches, and strategies for integrating magnetic nanocomposites into electrodes. Synergistic improvements through hybrid architectures are emphasized, combining MNPs with carbon nanomaterials, biopolymers, metal–organic frameworks, and molecularly imprinted polymers. Trends over the last five years have shown that applications in environmental monitoring, food safety, and drinking water are increasing. We summarize the key performance metrics, outline the current technical bottlenecks, such as long-term stability and large-scale manufacturing, and provide an outlook for the future. Taken together, these developments position MNP-based electrochemical sensors as versatile, highly effective tools for curbing antibiotic pollution and slowing the advancement of AMR.
Keywords: electrochemical sensor, antibiotics̀ determination, magnetic nanomaterials, material chemistry, nanocomposites, antimicrobial resistance, food safety, environmental sensing
Published in DKUM: 04.12.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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Abstract: In 2023, 95.5 million Europeans were aged over 65, falling within the definition of the “elderly population”. According to statistics, this number will rise to 129.8 million by 2050, making Europe the oldest continent in the world. One of the consequences of such growth is a sharp increase in the number of elderly drivers. Although they have more experience, which can positively impact road safety, their performance and health generally decline, limiting some of the physical and mental abilities required for safe vehicle control. The main objective of this research was to shed light on the behavior of elderly drivers by comparing three different drivers’ age groups: young, middle-aged and elderly drivers. Based on analysis of road accidents involving elderly drivers, the road safety situation for elderly drivers in Slovenia was highlighted, a questionnaire was developed to understand how elderly drivers perceive traffic, and an experiment was conducted where 30 volunteers were tested using a driving simulator and eye-tracking glasses. Objective driving and gaze behavior data were obtained, and very different performance was found among the three age groups, with elderly drivers having poorer reaction times and overlooking many elements compared to younger drivers.
Keywords: road safety, sustainable safety, elderly drivers, gaze behavior, driving simulator
Published in DKUM: 03.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 8
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Abstract: Background and Purpose: Quality within a healthcare system does not comprise only actions defined through certificates or required by law, standards and protocols; it is also defined by the well-being of healthcare workers on the one hand and patients on the other. The purpose paper is to analyse the link between the engagement of nurses and factors related to enhancing patient quality and safety. Methods: The research involved 206 nursing employees from Slovenia’s general hospitals. The questionnaire con-sists of four sections: employee engagement, the measure of self-efficacy, statements referring to various tools and methods that are used in nursing in daily work and that contribute to the quality of work, interpersonal relationships in the workplace between different professional groups within medical treatment, and attitude towards changes.Results: Compared to other professions, nursing employees showed an above-average level of engagement. Younger respondents were more engaged in their work, and their self-efficacy level was higher. The frequency of using tools intended to enhance the quality of nursing correlates statistically typically and positively with self-effica-cy, engagement and willingness to accept change. The analysed factors are interdependent. Engagement results from workplace interactions; employees who feel better in their workplace will be more oriented towards the future, be more open to innovation, and use various tools and approaches to enhance the work’s quality.Conclusion: Analysed concepts are closely connected and interdependent. The findings are essential for the suc-cessful and efficient management of hospitals and for ensuring patient quality and safety.
Keywords: nursing, patient, engagement, quality, safety, self-efficacy
Published in DKUM: 08.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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Abstract: Slovenia boasts a longstanding tradition in the field of nuclear energy generation, with the Krško Nuclear Power Plant (NEK) traditionally playing an important role in the national energy system. As the country plans its future energy mix, nuclear power continues to figure prominently, not least in light of the proposed JEK2 project. However, the development of new nuclear facilities faces significant challenges, including lengthy regulatory procedures, complex construction processes, financial uncertainties, long-term issues related to nuclear fuel supply and waste management, as well as broader concerns regarding public acceptance. This article focuses on the legal dimensions shaping Slovenia’s nuclear energy pathway, with non-legal considerations introduced solely insofar as they serve to elucidate or reinforce the legal analysis. Within this framework, the licensing process in Slovenia is examined in detail, with particular regard to its multi-step structure and the administrative challenges it poses. In addition, issues related to public procurement procedures, transparency, and governance are well discussed, particularly considering past infrastructure project failures. While Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are being explored as a potential long-term solution, their licensing and deployment remain uncertain due to regulatory and spatial constraints. The paper also emphasises the importance of strategic workforce planning. Ultimately, the attainment of a resilient and secure energy future in Slovenia demands not only continued investment in nuclear infrastructure, but also a broader consideration of energy efficiency, security risks, and long-term sustainability—considerations which are addressed herein.
Keywords: nuclear energy, Krško NPP, JEK2, nuclear licensing, environmental consent, permitting process, Nuclear Safety Administration, energy security, nuclear laws, Slovenia
Published in DKUM: 28.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 14
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Abstract: Digital media has become part of our everyday life in recent years, and this applies especially to school-age students. The COVID-19 pandemic and the transition to distance learning have raised the level of student exposure to the Internet, including its dangers. Aiming to examine the impact of preventive programs for safe Internet practices on the media literacy of children in primary school, we conducted an empirical study among 267 students. Media literacy was analysed in terms of the ways of using digital media as well as in terms of safe Internet practices, and comparisons were made by student gender and age.
Keywords: digital media, primary school students, COVID-19 pandemic, prevention programs, Internet safety
Published in DKUM: 24.07.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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