1. Enhancing utilization of municipal solid waste bottom ash by the stabilization of heavy metalsFilip Kokalj, Vesna Alivojvodić, Luka Lešnik, Nela Petronijević, Dragana Radovanović, Niko Samec, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Waste-to-energy (WtE) is a key part of modern waste management. In the European Union, approximately 500 WtE plants process more than 100 million tons of waste yearly, while globally, more than 2700 plants handle over 500 million tons. Roughly 20% of the waste processed is bottom ash (BA). However, this ash can contain heavy metals in concentrations that may render it hazardous. This paper presents a study focusing on stabilizing municipal solid waste incineration BA using simple and industrially viable treatments. The Slovenian WtE plant operator wishes to install the stabilization process; thus, the samples obtained from the plant were treated (1) with a CO2 gas flow, (2) with water spraying, and (3) with a combination of water spraying and a CO2 gas flow under laboratory conditions. Thermodynamic calculations were applied to define potential reactions during the treatment processes in the temperature range from 0 to 100 ◦C and to define the equilibrium composition of the treated ash with additions of CO2 and water. The standard leaching test EN 12457-4 of treated ash shows a reduction of over 40% in barium concentration and over 30% in lead concentration in leachates.
Keywords: heavy metals, waste-to-energy, bottom ash, leachate, reuse
Published in DKUM: 10.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 9
 Full text (2,72 MB)
This document has many files! More... |
2. Microfibres and coliforms determination and removal from wastewater treatment effluentJolanda Rihter Pikl, Aleksandra Lobnik, Milenko Roš, Hakim El Khiar, Nataša Uranjek, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The research aim was to remove as many microfibres, microplastics and harmful bacteria as possible from the
polluted water to produce suitable water for reuse. The test water was the effluent from the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Shalek Valley. A pilot plant with a ceramic SiC filter for membrane filtration and
ozonation of filtered water was set up to remove suspended solids, micro-fibres, microplastics, and harmful
microorganisms. The Microfibers Detection System was developed to identify microfibers on-site. The results
showed that the microfiltration system combined with ozone treatment effectively removed total suspended
solids, microfibres, microplastics and microorganisms. A detection system method for identifying microfibres and
microplastic particles was used to determine how many microfibres and microorganisms were identified by
membrane filtration and ozonation. The study showed that membrane filtration successfully removed all
microfibres, 88% of total coliforms and 93% of E. coli. After additional ozonation, we achieved a 100% removal
rate of total coliforms and a 100% removal rate of E. coli. The treated water (effluent from the municipal
wastewater treatment plant) can be used for specific purposes, such as agricultural irrigation or enhancing
bathing waters near the plant’s water effluent.
Keywords: microfibres removal, microplastics, microfiltration, ozonation, water reuse
Published in DKUM: 26.09.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 304
Full text (5,02 MB)
This document has many files! More... |
3. Revitalization of the Walter Perić Power Plant in Sarajevo : master thesisMerima Tica, 2021, master's thesis Abstract: The master thesis focuses on the analysis and research of Sarajevo’s central area of Marijin Dvor, and specifically the revitalization of the electrical power plant Walter Perić. The focus is on understanding the proper ways in which degraded zone and dilapidated buildings ought to be revitalized, but also the benefits of revitalizing city cores. It is a multifaceted discourse, thus, the research focuses on industrial heritage and brownfield development in the context of Sarajevo’s City Planning Strategy, as well as, the concept of ruins. The analyses culminate in project offering a new urbanism proposal for the degraded zones in Marijin Dvor, with a focus on the adaptive reuse of the former electrical power plant complex with a new cultural program.
Keywords: industrial heritage architecture, adaptive reuse, ruins, Marijin Dvor, Sarajevo
Published in DKUM: 28.09.2021; Views: 989; Downloads: 172
Full text (102,03 MB) |
4. Biomimetic membranes for forward osmosis application in industrial wastewater treatmentJasmina Korenak, 2018, doctoral dissertation Abstract: The problem of wastewater is increasing as we face tighter regulations in limiting parameters for discharge into sewers or surface waters. At the same time, the challenge is also how to upgrade existing technology and identify new appropriate technologies for purification of industrial wastewater for re-use. The optimal solution, which can give the appropriate quality of purified water at acceptable operating costs also is not straightforward. However, increasing environmental legislative demands combined with increased fresh water consumption can facilitate implementation of emerging technologies which at the current state are not fully mature.
Forward Osmosis (FO) is one such recent achievement which is considered as a promising membrane process and potentially a sustainable alternative to reverse osmosis (RO) process for wastewater reclamation and sea/brackish water desalination.
However, there are many limiting parameters (e.g. membrane fouling, draw solutions) in FO process that needs to be studied and improved. To reduce the membrane fouling in FO, many improvements were attempted, e.g. synthesis of different membrane materials, fabrication of membrane modules, membrane coating etc.
One of the novelties in membrane development research field is biomimetic membranes incorporate in separation processes. They employ natural proteins known as AQPs (aqpourins) to regulate the flow of water, providing increased permeability and near-perfect solute rejection. Membrane surface characteristics were measured on virgin, used and cleane membrane in order to confirm the resistance to different types of industrial wastewater and sewage.
Keywords: biomimetic membrane, forward osmosis, industrial wastewater, reverse osmosis, textile wastewater, ultrafiltration, wastewater reuse
Published in DKUM: 25.07.2018; Views: 2065; Downloads: 142
Full text (4,64 MB) |
5. MUSIC STUDIO - ARCHITECTURAL ALTERATIONS FOR CONVERSION AND REUSE OF AN OLD BARN IN BODENSDORT, CARINTHIATadej Kočevar, 2015, master's thesis Abstract: Due to the increasing loss of local architecture and the identity of the
rural environment, preservation of our cultural heritage should be one
of the key points of rural development. This thesis deals with the
renovation of the barn in the music studio.
The thesis explains the characteristics of vernacular architecture,
discusses the attitude towards renovations of older buildings and
summarizes the basic acoustical design principles. Based on the
theoretical knowledge, the second part includes the renovation project
of a barn into the music studio, which respects its local ethnological
and architectural heritage, and represents a sustainable solution.
It was established, that renovations of older local architecture have to
be encouraged.
Keywords: architecture, music studio, vernacular architecture, barn, conversion, reuse
Published in DKUM: 23.03.2015; Views: 1904; Downloads: 276
Full text (21,38 MB) |
6. |
7. H2 separation and use in fuel cells and CO2 separation and reuse as a reactant in the existing methanol processAnita Kovač Kralj, Peter Glavič, 2007, original scientific article Abstract: Fuel-cell efficiencies yield substantial reductions in the emissions of climate-change gases and promise an end to exclusive reliance on carbon fuels for energy. Fuel cells, CO2 reuse, process heat integration, and open gas turbine electricity cogeneration can be optimized simultaneously, using a nonlinear programming (NLP) algorithm. The simplified NLP model contains equations of structural and parametric optimization. This NLP model is used tooptimize complex and energy-intensive continuous processes. This procedure does not guarantee a global cost optimum, but it does lead to good, perhaps near-optimum, designs. The plant, which produces methanol, has a surplus of hydrogen (H2) and CO2 flow rates in purge gas. H2 is separated from the purge gas by an existing pressure swing adsorption (PSA) column. Pure H2 can be usedas fuel in fuel cells. CO2 can be separated from the outlet stream (purge gas) by a membrane or absorption system (absorber and regenerator) or an adsorption system and reused as a reactant in a reactor system. Therefore, theproduct yield can be increased and CO2 emissions can be reduced, simultaneously. CO2 emissions can then be reduced at the source. The retrofitted process can be operated within existing parameters. Using a methanol process as a case study, the CO2 emission flow rate can be reduced by4800 t/a. The additional electricity cogeneration in the gas turbine and in fuel cells and additional flow rates of the raw material could generate an additional profit of 2.54 MEUR/a.
Keywords: chemical processing, methanol production, optimization, nonlinear programming, CO2 reuse, fuel cells, heat integration, energy cogeneration
Published in DKUM: 31.05.2012; Views: 2763; Downloads: 128
 Link to full text |
8. CO2 separation from purge gas and flue gas in the methanol process, using NLP model optimizationAnita Kovač Kralj, Peter Glavič, 2007, original scientific article Abstract: The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has to be stabilized, requiring a reduction in current emission rates in existing plants. This will be done by reducing the environmental burden imposed in such areas as materials input andCO2 emission reduction and using cleaner production, resources, and energy recycling. Any opportunities for emission reduction and CO2 reuse largely depend on existing plant and energy systems. CO2 can be separated from the outlet stream (purge gas) and from flue gas by a membrane or absorption system(absorber and regenerator) or adsorption system and reused as a reactantin a reactor system. Therefore, product yield can be increased and CO2emissions reduced, simultaneously. CO2 emissions can be reduced at the source. The authors of this paper studied CO2 reuse in a methanol process, in which electricity can be generated using an open gas turbine, followed by a separator. Simultaneous optimization of a process structure and its parametersusing simplified nonlinear programming (NLP) ensures an additional annual profit, influenced by reusing the flow rate of CO2. The additional electricity cogeneration and additional flow rates of the raw material could generate an additional profit of 2.79 MEUR/a.
Keywords: chemical processing, methanol production, optimization, nonlinear programming, CO2 emissions, CO2 reuse
Published in DKUM: 31.05.2012; Views: 2261; Downloads: 98
Link to full text |
