21. A new method for testing the anti-permeability strength of clay failure under a high water pressureFu-wei Jiang, Ming-tang Lei, Xiao-zhen Jiang, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: It is difficult to judge the failure of clay seepage under a high water pressure.This paper presents a new method to assess clay failure based on the anti-permeability strength, which is the critical water pressure to destroy the clay. An experiment is designed to test the value that avoids the problem of the time-consuming, traditional method to test clay seepage deformation. The experimental system and the process of testing are introduced in this paper. With a self-designed experimental system and method, 18 groups of sample were tested. The results show that the clay thickness and the seepage paths influence the anti-permeability strength. It also indicates that water infiltrates into the clay under the condition that its pressure exceeds a minimum value (P0).
Ključne besede: clay failure, seepage deformation, anti-permeability strength, high water pressure
Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.06.2018; Ogledov: 1410; Prenosov: 167
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22. Experimental research on variation of pore water pressure in constant rate of strain consolidation testHojjat Ahmadi, Hassan Rahimi, Abbas Soroush, Claes Alén, 2014, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidation is a rapid test method which is used for determination of compressibility of clayey soils. In a CRS test, the appropriate strain rate is selected based on pore water pressure ratio, i.e. the ratio of pore pressure to total stress. In the present study, to investigate the effect of strain rate on variation of pore water pressure ratio, four different clay samples of different plasticity were tested by CRS apparatus. The results of the experiments showed that the trend of variation of pore water pressure is dependent on the drained water flow regime which may be either Darcy or non-Darcy. The results also indicated that the plasticity of clay does not have considerable effect on variation of pore water pressure.
Ključne besede: constant rate of strain, consolidation, pore water pressure ratio, soil plasticity, Darcy and non-Darcy flow
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.06.2018; Ogledov: 1052; Prenosov: 92
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23. An estimation of the passive pressure against integral bridge abutments considering arching effectsMojtaba Movahedifar, Jafar Bolouri Bazaz, 2013, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Most civil engineering structures are subjected to cyclic loading during their service life, such as retaining walls, wave loading on offshore structures, seismic loading and the traffic loading of pavements. In the case of an integral abutment bridge (IAB), as an example, the backfill granular material is subject to slow cyclic stress and strain changes under drained conditions. These bridges are constructed so that the top deck is longitudinally continuous. In other words, IABs are joint-less bridges where the superstructure is connected with the abutment. The rigid connection enables the abutment and superstructure to act as a single structural unit, i.e., the expansion joints which are widely used in traditional bridges are removed in IABs. This removal is mainly due to the high costs of maintenance. The behavior of IABs is dominated by the cyclical temperature changes in the bridge deck. This results in the imposition of cyclical horizontal displacements to the backfill soil of the abutments. The present research is an effort to investigate the induced passive pressure on the IABs, using a laboratory model and an analytical approach. The results indicate that the passive pressure distribution is non-linear and its maximum value along the wall is dependent on the magnitude of the wall rotation and number of cycles. It seems that there are two different mechanisms for this behavior. In the above part of the wall, sand behaves as a plastic material. A decline in the passive pressure in the bottom part, however, is the result of arching.
Ključne besede: integral abutment bridge, cyclic displacement, passive pressure, arching
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.06.2018; Ogledov: 1056; Prenosov: 144
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24. Yielding in the isotropic compression of Porto silty sandMiguel Ferreira Amaral, Sara Rios, António Viana da Fonseca, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The yielding locus of a well-graded silty sand was analysed by means of isotropic compression tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tests were performed with precise instrumentation, for internal and external strain measurements, and shear-wave velocity measurements by means of bender elements. Finally, aiming at an accurate evaluation of the yield stress, four different methods were applied – two quite well know and the other two being innovative – leading to interesting conclusions.
Ključne besede: silty sand, yield point, isotropic compression, high pressure, seismic waves
Objavljeno v DKUM: 13.06.2018; Ogledov: 1187; Prenosov: 95
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25. Effect of the initial structure on the behaviour of Chlef sandNoureddine Della, Ahmed Arab, Mostefa Belkhatir, Hanifi Missoum, Claude Bacconnet, Daniel Boissier, 2010, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: It has been known for many years that initial structure, plays an important part in the results of laboratory testing of natural of silty sands. For this purpose, a series of monotonic undrained triaxial compression tests were carried out on samples composed of Chlef sand with 0.5% non-plastic silt content using two depositional methods (dry funnel pluviation and wet deposition) at different initial relative density (RD= 29%, 50% and 80%). All specimens were subjected to isotropic consolidation of 50 kPa, 100 kPa and 200 kPa. It was found that the initial structure of the soil influences considerably the undrained shear response in terms of maximal deviatoric stress, peak strength and excess pore water pressure.
Ključne besede: liquefaction, sand, dry funnel pluviation, wet deposition, density, deviatoric stress, pore pressure
Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.06.2018; Ogledov: 962; Prenosov: 83
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26. The response of saturated soils to a dynamic loadStanislav Lenart, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper presents the two most significant types of deformation behavior fordynamically loaded, saturated soil. Flow liquefaction and cyclic mobility deserve special attention because of the large deformations that accompany these two phenomena. The submergence of a railway-line embankment due to the newly built Sava-river accumulation reservoir in Boštanj and the large landslide that occurred in the Stože area in the Julian Alps are case histories in Slovenia where flow liquefaction and cyclic mobility were analyzed. The dynamic loading caused by railway traffic and possible seismic activity were taken into account. Material from these two sites, silty sand and lacustrine carbonate silt, were used in extensive laboratory research, with the objective to define a procedure for excess pore-water pressure-generation modeling in dynamically loaded saturated soil.
It has been found recently that the change of the pore-water pressure is related to the dissipated energy density calculated from the hysteresis loops caused by dynamic loading. Based on the experimental results an empirical equation defining the generation of pore pressure during dynamic loading has been proposed. The equation is divided into two parts: the first part describing the residual pore-water pressure generation, and the second part describing the increment and decrement of pore-water pressure within the load cycle, the so-called temporary pore-water pressure change. The proper effective stresses and thus the stress path of the dynamically loaded soil can be defined by using the proposed energy-based numerical model.
The proposed pore-pressure model can also be used in deformation-behavior modeling. It was observed from the experimental results that after a few cycles of dynamic loading the saturated soil starts to exhibit a very low stiffness at the beginning of a load cycle, after which it begins to strengthen. The strain developed during this softening phase represents the main share of the total strain. The occurrence and duration of this phase are related to the energy dissipated during the cyclic loading as well, and the relation between the dissipated energy, the excess pore pressure and the short-term flow during cyclic mobility, give us an opportunity for a simple response modeling of the dynamically loaded saturated soils.
Ključne besede: flow liquefaction, cyclic mobility, excess pore pressure, dissipated energy
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.06.2018; Ogledov: 1106; Prenosov: 229
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27. The limit values and the distribution of three-dimensional passive earth pressuresStanislav Škrabl, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper presents a novel approach to the determination of the critical distribution and limit values of three-dimensional passive soil pressures acting on flexible walls following the upper-bound method within the framework of the limit-analysis theory. The method of limit analysis with a set of three-dimensional kinematically admissible hyperbolic translational failure mechanisms is used to determine the critical distribution of the passive pressures along the retaining structurećs height. The intensity of thepassive pressures is gradually determined with the mentioned translational failure mechanisms in the top-down direction. Thus, the critical distribution,the trust point and the resultant of the passive pressures that can be activated at the limit state for the chosen kinematic model are obtained. The results of the analyses show that the total sum of passive pressures, considering the critical distribution, is lower than the comparable values published in the literature. Furthermore, the trust point of the passive pressure resultant is independent of the friction between the retaining structures and the soil.
Ključne besede: limit analysis, earth pressure, passive pressure, failure surface, soil-structure interaction
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.06.2018; Ogledov: 1160; Prenosov: 168
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28. Determination of passive earth pressure using three-dimensional failure mechanismHelena Vrecl-Kojc, Stanislav Škrabl, 2007, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper presents a modified three-dimensional (3D) failure mechanism for determining the 3D passive earth pressure coefficient using the upper bound theorem within the framework of the limit analysis theory. The translational kinematically admissible failure mechanism generalized with a depth of h = 1.0 is considered in the analysis. The mechanism geometry presents a volume of rigid blocks composed of the central body and two lateral rigid bodies, which are connected by a common velocity field. The front surface of the central body interacts with the retaining wall, while the upper surface can be loaded by surcharge loading. The lateral body segments represent four- and three-sided polygons in the cross section of the central body; therefore, they define the polygonal failure surface of the central part. At the outer side, each segment of the lateral body is bounded by infinitesimally spaced rigid half-cones that describe the envelope of a family of half-cones. The numerical results of 3D passive earth pressure limit values are presented by non-dimensional coefficients of passive earth pressure influenced by the soil weight Kpg and a coefficient of passive earth pressure influenced by the surcharge Kpq. This research was intended to improve the lowest values obtained until now using the limit analysis theory. The results are presentedin a graphical form depending on the geometrical parameters and soil properties. A brief description of two world-recognized failure mechanisms based on the limit analysis approach, and the comparison of three failure mechanism results are also presented.
Ključne besede: soil mechanics, passive earth pressure, upper bound theorem, optimization, three-dimensional failure mechanism
Objavljeno v DKUM: 18.05.2018; Ogledov: 1324; Prenosov: 74
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29. Interactional approach of cantilever pile walls analysisStanislav Škrabl, 2006, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper proposes a new method for the geomechanical analysis and design of cantilever retaining structures. It is based on the limit equilibrium method, but it uses some additional conditions for interaction between the retaining structure and the ground, when referring to the distribution of the mobilized earth pressures on the structure. The greatest benefit of the proposed method is shown in the analysis of structures of layered ground (heterogeneous above the dredge level and homogeneous below it), embedded in frictional and cohesive materials, and in the possibility of considering the influence of surcharge loadings on the active or passive side of the retaining structure. When analyzing such cases in practice, the proposed method gives results which are in better agreement with the results of FEM based elasto-plastic interaction analyses than with the results of currently used methods. At the same time, its results are in accordance with those published for homogeneaus cohesionless ground. Since in practice almost all retaining structures are erected in layered ground (heterogeneaus above the dredge level and homogeneous below it), the proposed method is very convenient and applicable for the analyses and design of cantilever structures under arbitrary geomechanical conditions.
Ključne besede: geomechanics, soil-structure interaction, retaining walls, embedment, cantilevers, earth pressure, pressure distribution, friction soil - wall, limit analysis, shear forces
Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.05.2018; Ogledov: 1460; Prenosov: 83
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30. Cyclic liquefaction potential of lacustrine carbonate from Julian AlpsBojan Žlender, Stanislav Lenart, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper presents the liquefaction studies of lacustrine carbonate silt from the Julian Alp landslide Stože. Geological conditions of the region and geomechanical characteristics of the ground were investigated. The research project was performed with the intention to determine the effects of cyclic loading on lacustrine carbonate silt. Investigation with 77 cyclic triaxial tests was performed on universal triaxial apparatus Wykeham Farrance UP 100 TR, in the Laboratory of soil mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Maribor. The essential equipment comprises cylindrical triaxial apparatus with a cell, a press with appurtenant electro-mechanic equipment, measuring equipment, and computer hardware and software equipment. Specimens with dimensions of height = 140 mm and diameter = 70 mm were saturated, then subjected to the arbitrary initial isotropic stress state and consolidated with vertical and radial draining, and then loaded with distortional loading of chosen dynamical axial force (frequency f = 1 Hz). A set of tests with a spectrum of different stress states and cyclic loading were performed. This research showed that lacustrine carbonate silt is a highly sensitive material.The resistance to liquefaction was somewhat higher than that of typical clean sand, but a perceivable excess pore pressure generation, which causes the decrease of strength parameters, was noticed. Test results of cyclic triaxial tests indicate dynamic characteristics of lacustrine carbonate silt and wide applicability of the test method.
Ključne besede: civil engineering, geomechanics, soil investigations, lacustrine carbonate silt, cyclic triaxial tests, liquefaction potential, shear modulus, damping ratio, cyclic stress ratio, pore pressure ratio
Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.05.2018; Ogledov: 1697; Prenosov: 139
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