1. IoT-based off-grid solar power supply : design, implementation, and case study of energy consumption control using forecasted solar irradiationMarijan Španer, Mitja Truntič, Darko Hercog, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This article presents the development and implementation of an IoT-enabled, off-grid solar power supply prototype designed to power a range of electrical devices. The developed system comprises a Photovoltaic panel, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charger, a 2.5 kWh/24 V high-performance LiFePO4 battery bank with a Battery Management System, an embedded controller with IoT connectivity, and DC/DC and DC/AC converters. The PV panel serves as the primary energy source, with the MPPT controller optimizing battery charging, while the DC/DC and DC/AC converters supply power to the connected electrical devices. The article includes a case study of a developed platform for powering an information and advertising system. The system features a predictive energy management algorithm, which optimizes the appliance operation based on daily solar irradiance forecasts and real-time battery State-of-Charge monitoring. The IoT-enabled controller obtains solar irradiance forecasts from an online meteorological service via API calls and uses these data to estimate energy availability for the next day. Using this prediction, the system schedules and prioritizes the operations of connected electrical devices dynamically to optimize the performance and prevent critical battery discharge. The IoT-based controller is equipped with both Wi-Fi and an LTE modem, enabling communication with online services via wireless or cellular networks.
Ključne besede: energy consumption control, forecasted solar irradiation, power management, off-grid power supply, photovoltaic, solar, IoT, LTE, Wi-Fi, ESP32
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.11.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 7
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2. Assessment of harmonic distortion in school buildings equipped with grid-connected PV systemsFranjo Pranjić, 2025, strokovni članek Opis: The integration of photovoltaic systems into power grids can impact power quality, particularly concerning voltage and current harmonics. This study investigates the power quality of a photovoltaic system integrated into the electrical system of an educational facility, focusing on harmonic distortion in both voltage and current. Comprehensive measurements were conducted across three phases and analysed according to the EN 50160 and IEEE 519 Standards. The results demonstrated that, while the voltage quality meets EN 50160 requirements consistently, indicating stable voltage levels, the current measurements revealed significant harmonic distortion. Notably, Phase 2 exhibited Total Harmonic Distortion values substantially above the acceptable limits, with Phase 1 and Phase 3 also showing elevated Total Harmonic Distortion. To address these issues, the study recommends the implementation of advanced harmonic filters and optimisation of inverter technologies. These measures are crucial for enhancing power quality, and ensuring compliance with the industry Standards in high photovoltaic penetration scenarios.
Ključne besede: power quality analysis, grid-connected PV systems, EN 50160 standard, IEEE 519 Standard, IEC 61000 standard, voltage harmonics, current harmonics, harmonic distortion, renewable energy integration, compliance assessment
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.10.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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3. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations: a historical overview of engineering challengesFranc Mihalič, Mitja Truntič, Alenka Hren, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The design of modern industrial products is further improved through the hardware-inthe-loop (HIL) simulation. Realistic simulation is enabled by the closed loop between the hardware
under test (HUT) and real-time simulation. Such a system involves a field programmable gate array
(FPGA) and digital signal processor (DSP). An HIL model can bypass serious damage to the real
object, reduce debugging cost, and, finally, reduce the comprehensive effort during the testing. This
paper provides a historical overview of HIL simulations through different engineering challenges,
i.e., within automotive, power electronics systems, and different industrial drives. Various platforms,
such as National Instruments, dSPACE, Typhoon HIL, or MATLAB Simulink Real-Time toolboxes
and Speedgoat hardware systems, offer a powerful tool for efficient and successful investigations
in different fields. Therefore, HIL simulation practice must begin already during the university’s
education process to prepare the students for professional engagements in the industry, which was
also verified experimentally at the end of the paper.
Ključne besede: hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), controller-in-the-loop (CIL), power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL), electric drives, automotive, DC-DC converters, inverter systems, grid applications, railway systems
Objavljeno v DKUM: 07.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 14
Celotno besedilo (11,27 MB)
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4. Energy consumption and grid interaction analysis of electric vehicles based on particle swarm optimisation methodKlemen Deželak, Klemen Sredenšek, Sebastijan Seme, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The widespread adoption of electric vehicles poses certain challenges to the distribution grid, which refers to the network of power lines, transformers, and other infrastructure that delivers electricity from power plants to consumers. This higher demand can strain the distribution grid, particularly in areas with a high concentration of electric vehicles. Grid operators need to ensure that the grid infrastructure can handle this additional load and prevent overloading and consequences in terms of additional losses. As part of the task, a methodology was developed for the assessment of the electricity consumption of battery electric vehicles in Slovenia. The approach used for the calculation includes the number of electric cars, average consumption, distance travelled and efficiency of the system. Additionally, the results of the modelling approach for an integrated distribution grid model in terms of steady-state simulations are presented. The regular situation of the power losses within the distribution grid is managed together with an optimal result. In this sense, an application of the particle swarm optimisation-based strategy is suggested to minimise reliance on grid systems.
Ključne besede: electric vehicles, distribution grid, optimisation, power losses
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.10.2023; Ogledov: 403; Prenosov: 40
Celotno besedilo (2,22 MB)
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