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1.
Ranking the invasions of cheaters in structured populations
Guoli Yang, Matteo Cavaliere, Cheng Zhu, Matjaž Perc, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: The identification of the most influential individuals in structured populations is an important research question, with many applications across the social and natural sciences. Here, we study this problem in evolutionary populations on static networks, where invading cheaters can lead to the collapse of cooperation. We propose six strategies to rank the invading cheaters and identify those which mostly facilitate the collapse of cooperation. We demonstrate that the type of successful rankings depend on the selection strength, the underlying game, and the network structure. We show that random ranking has generally little ability to successfully identify invading cheaters, especially for the stag-hunt game in scale-free networks and when the selection strength is strong. The ranking based on degree can successfully identify the most influential invaders when the selection strength is weak, while more structured rankings perform better at strong selection. Scale-free networks and strong selection are generally detrimental to the performance of the random ranking, but they are beneficial for the performance of structured rankings. Our research reveals how to identify the most influential invaders using statistical measures in structured communities, and it demonstrates how their success depends on population structure, selection strength, and on the underlying game dynamics.
Ključne besede: cooperation, cheating, network, population, evolution
Objavljeno v DKUM: 07.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
.pdf Celotno besedilo (6,72 MB)
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2.
Socio-demographic and health factors drive the epidemic progression and should guide vaccination strategies for best COVID-19 containment
Rene Markovič, Marko Šterk, Marko Marhl, Matjaž Perc, Marko Gosak, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: We propose and study an epidemiological model on a social network that takes into account heterogeneity of the population and different vaccination strategies. In particular, we study how the COVID-19 epidemics evolves and how it is contained by different vaccination scenarios by taking into account data showing that older people, as well as individuals with comorbidities and poor metabolic health, and people coming from economically depressed areas with lower quality of life in general, are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 symptoms, and quicker loss of immunity and are therefore more prone to reinfection. Our results reveal that the structure and the spatial arrangement of subpopulations are important epidemiological determinants. In a healthier society the disease spreads more rapidly but the consequences are less disastrous as in a society with more prevalent chronic comorbidities. If individuals with poor health are segregated within one community, the epidemic outcome is less favorable. Moreover, we show that, contrary to currently widely adopted vaccination policies, prioritizing elderly and other higher-risk groups is beneficial only if the supply of vaccine is high. If, however, the vaccination availability is limited, and if the demographic distribution across the social network is homogeneous, better epidemic outcomes are achieved if healthy people are vaccinated first. Only when higher-risk groups are segregated, like in elderly homes, their prioritization will lead to lower COVID-19 related deaths. Accordingly, young and healthy individuals should view vaccine uptake as not only protecting them, but perhaps even more so protecting the more vulnerable socio-demographic groups.
Ključne besede: epidemic model, COVID-19, vaccination strategy, vaccination strategy, population heterogeneity, socio-demographic structure, metabolic disease, social network
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.11.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 10
.pdf Celotno besedilo (7,09 MB)
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3.
Architecture of the health system as an enabler of better wellbeing
Timotej Jagrič, Štefan Bojnec, Christine Elisabeth Brown, Vita Jagrič, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: ntroduction: Health systems worldwide have heterogenous capacities and financing characteristics. No clear empirical evidence is available on the possible outcomes of these characteristics for population wellbeing. Aim: The study aims to provide empirical insight into health policy alternatives to support the development of health system architecture to improve population wellbeing. Method and results: We developed an unsupervised neural network model to cluster countries and used the Human Development Index to derive a wellbeing model. The results show that no single health system architecture is associated with a higher level of population wellbeing. Strikingly, high levels of health expenditure and physical health capacity do not guarantee a high level of population wellbeing and different health systems correspond to a certain wellbeing level. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that alternative options exist for some health system characteristics. These can be considered by governments developing health policy priorities.
Ključne besede: population wellbeing, health system capacity, public health system, health policy, neural network
Objavljeno v DKUM: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 186; Prenosov: 8
.pdf Celotno besedilo (3,01 MB)
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4.
Has the COVID-19 pandemic affected mathematics achievement? : a case study of university students in social sciences
Anja Žnidaršič, Alenka Brezavšček, Gregor Rus, Janja Jerebic, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: This study examines the effects of COVID-19-related measures on the mathematics achievement of university students in social sciences in Slovenia. Our particular concern was to compare two student populations (pre-pandemic and pandemic) in terms of factors affecting student performance in mathematics courses. Data were collected over nine consecutive academic years (from 2013–2014 to 2020–2021) and analyzed using two-stage structural equation modelling (SEM). The analyses confirmed that the conceptual model developed before the pandemic was applicable during the pandemic period. For both populations (pre-pandemic and pandemic), mathematics confidence, perceived level of math anxiety, background knowledge from secondary school, and self-engagement in mathematics courses at university were confirmed as factors influencing mathematics achievement. Moreover, both populations perceived the effects of the factors in the same way, and the magnitude of the effects is comparable. The rather high values of determination coefficient for mathematics achievement (greater than 0.66 for both student populations) indicate that the variables “Perceived Level of Math Anxiety” and “Self-Engagement in Mathematics Course at University” together explain a significant proportion of the total variance before and during the pandemic. Consequently, the results of our case study indicated that pandemic measures did not have a significant impact on our students’ mathematics achievement. Although a more in-depth study of a broader sample of academic courses would be needed to confirm our findings, our experience indicates that mathematics courses at the tertiary level of education can be successfully delivered online.
Ključne besede: COVID-19, mathematics achievement, university students, social sciences, pre-pandemic population, pandemic population, comparison, multi-group structural equation modeling (MG-SEM)
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.07.2024; Ogledov: 112; Prenosov: 9
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,64 MB)
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5.
Complex population structure and haplotype patterns in the Western European honey bee from sequencing a large panel of haploid drones
David Wragg, Sonia E. Eynard, Benjamin Basso, Kamila Canale-Tabet, Emmanuelle Labarthe, Olivier Bouchez, Kaspar Bienefeld, Małgorzata Bieńkowska, Cecilia Costa, Aleš Gregorc, Per Kryger, Melanie Parejo, Alice M. Pinto, Jean-Pierre Bidanel, Bertrand Servin, Yves Le Conte, Alain Vignal, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Honey bee subspecies originate from specific geographical areas in Africa, Europe and the Middle East, and beekeepers interested in specific phenotypes have imported genetic material to regions outside of the bees' original range for use either in pure lines or controlled crosses. Moreover, imported drones are present in the environment and mate naturally with queens from the local subspecies. The resulting admixture complicates population genetics analyses, and population stratification can be a major problem for association studies. To better understand Western European honey bee populations, we produced a whole genome sequence and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data set from 870 haploid drones and demonstrate its utility for the identification of nine genetic backgrounds and various degrees of admixture in a subset of 629 samples. Five backgrounds identified correspond to subspecies, two to isolated populations on islands and two to managed populations. We also highlight several large haplotype blocks, some of which coincide with the position of centromeres. The largest is 3.6 Mb long and represents 21% of chromosome 11, with two major haplotypes corresponding to the two dominant genetic backgrounds identified. This large naturally phased data set is available as a single vcf file that can now serve as a reference for subsequent populations genomics studies in the honey bee, such as (i) selecting individuals of verified homogeneous genetic backgrounds as references, (ii) imputing genotypes from a lower-density data set generated by an SNP-chip or by low-pass sequencing, or (iii) selecting SNPs compatible with the requirements of genotyping chips.
Ključne besede: genome, haplotype, honey bee, population genetics, SNP
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.07.2024; Ogledov: 109; Prenosov: 13
.pdf Celotno besedilo (3,07 MB)
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6.
Towards forty years of Krško NPP operation : an overview of population exposures to radiation
Matjaž Koželj, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: In this article, the influence of a controlled magnetic field on gadolinium plates was modelled and simulated to be used in magnetic refrigeration installations. This is a state-of-the-art technology that does not use refrigerants and does not work based on vapour compression, which is based on the operation of the magnetocaloric properties of the material used; in the case below, this material, in the form of a flat plate, has certain magnetocaloric properties and under the influence of magnetic induction can be used successfully in such innovative installations. The advantages of using gadolinium in the form of a flat plate in a magnetic regenerator and thermal energy dissipation on its surface under the controlled magnetic field's influence were studied.
Ključne besede: Krško NPP, NEK, radioactivity monitoring, radioactivity releases, dose assessment, population exposures, history of doses
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.11.2023; Ogledov: 305; Prenosov: 4
.pdf Celotno besedilo (5,29 MB)
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7.
Elderly population and labour market stabilization in Europe : the case of Slovenia
Rasto Ovin, Marko Divjak, Živa Veingerl Čič, Anita Maček, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Ključne besede: elderly population, economic activity, labour market, HRM gap in Slovenia
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.09.2023; Ogledov: 389; Prenosov: 26
.pdf Celotno besedilo (423,90 KB)
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8.
Economic motives and willingness of young people to participate in fraud
Dragomir Dimitrijević, Dejan Jovanović, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Ključne besede: attitudes, younger population, fraud
Objavljeno v DKUM: 19.06.2023; Ogledov: 289; Prenosov: 15
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9.
Reviewing the narrative concerning the impact of population growth in Africa
Cocou Marius Mensah, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: This article discusses the topic of population growth in Africa, a recurring theme in the era of climate change and the fight against CO2 emissions. The African continent is full of essential raw materials and encompasses the youngest population in the world. There is no doubt concerning the significant role it will play in global affairs, at a time when the world population is ageing, according to the UN statistics. In recent years, many policymakers have highlighted the necessity to deal with overpopulation, provoking moral controversial and basic human rights abuses. This article, however, proposes an opposite argumentation based on fresh data and emphasises the opportunities and challenges to take on, as the author considers "overpopulation" as more of a challenge than a sentence to underdevelopment. Though the paper mentions different issues linked to overpopulation, such as migration crisis, ecological sustainability and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, it concludes with a reminder of the importance of international cooperation as a solution to global issues.
Ključne besede: global issues, impact of population growth, migration trends, international cooperation, pollution, African Union, European Union, UN sustainable development goals, environmental footprint
Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.01.2021; Ogledov: 842; Prenosov: 18
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10.
Community health nursing in Slovenia and Croatia - selected legal aspects
Suzana Kraljić, Blanka Kačer, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: This article is dedicated to community health nursing which today constitutes the indispensable cornerstone of Slovenian and Croatian primary health-care. Authors also stress that community health nursing is recognized of crucial importance for public health and various vulnerable groups (e.g., children, elderly, ...) in many other European as well as non-European states. In Chapter 2, the authors represent basic historical milestones in both countries, Slovenia and Croatia, which have common historical roots. In Chapters 3 and 4, the central part of the article, authors analyze the current legal regulation related to community health nursing and thereby give special attention to differences in both national legal regulations. The major difference is given in concessions. Namely in Slovenia, community health nursing can be performed also based on a granted concession, but not in Croatia. In Chapter 5, some legal views on the role of community health nursing in local communities are emphasized (e.g., domestic violence). The last chapter is dedicated to the summarization of the authors' conclusions, in which they especially stress that the community health nursing in both countries today represents an important key factor for ensuring the constitutional right to health-care.
Ključne besede: community health nurse, primary care, aging population, concession, legal regulation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.01.2021; Ogledov: 1075; Prenosov: 56
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