Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: Differential evolution, which belongs to a group of population-based algorithms, has received a lot of research attention since its introduction in 1995. A population-based algorithm is required to guide individuals to visit potentially better basins of attraction in the search space when searching for a globally optimal solution. Additionally, individuals need to interact with each other during an evolutionary process to explore the search space effectively. In this paper, we propose a novel pbest selection mechanism for DE/current-to-pbest mutation strategy and its variants designed to enhance the potential for exploration of different attraction basins. The proposed mechanism enforces a minimal distance between the selected pbest individual and all other better individuals. This means that possible candidates for the pbest individual, used in mutation, are further spaced apart. As a result, the likelihood that the new trial vector will be generated in a different attraction basin of the search space is increased. The mechanism is incorporated into the L-SHADE, jSO, and L-SRTDE algorithms, and its effectiveness is evaluated using CEC’24 benchmark functions. Experimental results demonstrate improvements in the performance of the selected algorithms, particularly in higher-dimensional problem instances.
Ključne besede: population-based algorithm, differential evolution, gobal optimization, mutation strategies, exploration–exploitation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 29.10.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 4
Celotno besedilo (3,09 MB)

Opis: Background and Purpose: Most developed societies are facing the challenge of an ageing population, which poses several issues, including low labour force participation and financial pressures on the sustainability of the pension system. Countries typically address this situation by raising the retirement age, which often results in dissatisfaction among workers as such decisions are perceived as imposed. Therefore, our work’s main purpose was to research the analysis of implementing measures for managing older workers in companies, which would indirectly influence workers’ decisions to voluntarily choose longer work participation. Design/Methodology/Approach: We designed our study on the assumption that companies that more frequently conduct various analyses of their employees also pay greater attention to measures for managing older workers. In doing so, we focused on the measures that the literature identifies as important for keeping older workers employed for longer. The data source was a study from 2020, which sampled large companies in Slovenia with more than 100 employees. We posed the questions to the person responsible for human resource management in the company. The initial question was whether conducting employee analyses is associated with the implementation of measures focused on education and training, skills transfer, and career development as well as managing the health of older workers. We formulated three main hypotheses, which we confirmed using linear correlation analysis. Results: We found that companies that conduct more frequent analyses of employees’ qualifications and competencies, on average, also more frequently implement measures related to the area of education and training of older workers and to the area of knowledge transfer and career development of older workers. We confirmed statistically significant correlations in general as well as at the level of particular measures. Furthermore, we found that companies that more frequently conduct analyses of the health structure of employees, on average, also more frequently implement measures in the field of managing the health of older workers. We concluded that companies that conduct employee analyses more frequently demonstrate a higher level of commitment to implementing measures for managing older workers, which subsequently impacts their decision to retire later. Conclusion: By conducting employee analyses, companies gain important information that leads to the timely and sufficiently frequent implementation of measures for managing older employees. With empirical data, we have supported our prediction that the frequency of implementing measures through which companies can influence older workers’ decisions for later retirement is associated with the frequent conduction of employee analyses. This article has contributed to our understanding of ageing and the treatment of older workers. It has also highlighted a softer approach to promoting prolonged work engagement for older employees as an alternative to unwanted, legally imposed later retirement.
Ključne besede: an ageing population, management of older workers, education and training, knowledge transfer and career, health management
Objavljeno v DKUM: 26.09.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
Celotno besedilo (1,20 MB)
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Opis: The traditional approach in public transport planning was to collect travel demand data for a more extended period and compose timetables to serve this demand. There are two significant identifiable issues. In the rural areas and off-peak hours, public transport operators provide much more capacities than needed. On the other hand, more capacities than scheduled are needed on certain lines at certain departures on some sporadically occurring occasions. The problem is how to react to short-term changes (daily) triggered by exceptional circumstances and events and midterm changes (weekly, monthly basis) in travel demand. We can trigger changes in travel demand chiefly by introducing a desirable (almost for free) tariff system applied to specific populations. No long-term travel response data exists for this kind of intervention, but an immediate response in public transport supply is needed. In Slovenia, public transport for free for the whole population over 65 years was introduced. With the modern ticketing system, which was designed to be as simple as possible for users (that means "check-in only" at the moment of boarding), the research task was to analyze the travel behavior of the retired population, faced with a new attractive option to travel, based on data of purchased tickets and their afterward validation, for better mid-and long-term planning. Our study finds that ITS technology (in this case, e-ticketing system) can satisfactorily solve the discussed planning and management task.
Ključne besede: fare-free public transport, smart card data collecting, population mobility, travel demand
Objavljeno v DKUM: 13.03.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
Celotno besedilo (2,11 MB)
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Opis: We propose and study an epidemiological model on a social network that takes into account heterogeneity of the population and different vaccination strategies. In particular, we study how the COVID-19 epidemics evolves and how it is contained by different vaccination scenarios by taking into account data showing that older people, as well as individuals with comorbidities and poor metabolic health, and people coming from economically depressed areas with lower quality of life in general, are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 symptoms, and quicker loss of immunity and are therefore more prone to reinfection. Our results reveal that the structure and the spatial arrangement of subpopulations are important epidemiological determinants. In a healthier society the disease spreads more rapidly but the consequences are less disastrous as in a society with more prevalent chronic comorbidities. If individuals with poor health are segregated within one community, the epidemic outcome is less favorable. Moreover, we show that, contrary to currently widely adopted vaccination policies, prioritizing elderly and other higher-risk groups is beneficial only if the supply of vaccine is high. If, however, the vaccination availability is limited, and if the demographic distribution across the social network is homogeneous, better epidemic outcomes are achieved if healthy people are vaccinated first. Only when higher-risk groups are segregated, like in elderly homes, their prioritization will lead to lower COVID-19 related deaths. Accordingly, young and healthy individuals should view vaccine uptake as not only protecting them, but perhaps even more so protecting the more vulnerable socio-demographic groups.
Ključne besede: epidemic model, COVID-19, vaccination strategy, vaccination strategy, population heterogeneity, socio-demographic structure, metabolic disease, social network
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.11.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 12
Celotno besedilo (7,09 MB)
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Opis: This study examines the effects of COVID-19-related measures on the mathematics achievement of university students in social sciences in Slovenia. Our particular concern was to compare two student populations (pre-pandemic and pandemic) in terms of factors affecting student performance in mathematics courses. Data were collected over nine consecutive academic years (from 2013–2014 to 2020–2021) and analyzed using two-stage structural equation modelling (SEM). The analyses confirmed that the conceptual model developed before the pandemic was applicable during the pandemic period. For both populations (pre-pandemic and pandemic), mathematics confidence, perceived level of math anxiety, background knowledge from secondary school, and self-engagement in mathematics courses at university were confirmed as factors influencing mathematics achievement. Moreover, both populations perceived the effects of the factors in the same way, and the magnitude of the effects is comparable. The rather high values of determination coefficient for mathematics achievement (greater than 0.66 for both student populations) indicate that the variables “Perceived Level of Math Anxiety” and “Self-Engagement in Mathematics Course at University” together explain a significant proportion of the total variance before and during the pandemic. Consequently, the results of our case study indicated that pandemic measures did not have a significant impact on our students’ mathematics achievement. Although a more in-depth study of a broader sample of academic courses would be needed to confirm our findings, our experience indicates that mathematics courses at the tertiary level of education can be successfully delivered online.
Ključne besede: COVID-19, mathematics achievement, university students, social sciences, pre-pandemic population, pandemic population, comparison, multi-group structural equation modeling (MG-SEM)
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.07.2024; Ogledov: 112; Prenosov: 12
Celotno besedilo (1,64 MB)
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