1. Self-legitimacy of police officers in SloveniaRok Hacin, Gorazd Meško, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose – In recent years, several studies on self-legitimacy of police officers were conducted; however, few have tested the unstable nature of legitimacy in different time periods. This paper aims to focus on the self-legitimacy of police officers and its impact on pro-organizational behavior in 2013 and 2016.
Design/methodology/approach – The study took place in eight regional police directorates in Slovenia. The number of participants amounted to 529 police officers in 2013 and 478 police officers in 2016 that have completed a paper and pencil survey that was pretested using a convenience sample of police officers studying as part-time undergraduate students.
Findings – Overall findings revealed organizational commitment as the strongest predictor of self-legitimacy of police officers in Slovenia. The invariance of the “core variables” and their influence on the self-legitimacy of police officers in different time periods was confirmed. Their perception of individual legitimacy, organizational commitment, education and years of service influenced pro-organizational behaviors of police officers.
Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the study can be seen in the sincerity of participating police officers and the nature of self-legitimacy, which operates differently in different societies.
Practical implications – The results could be used for the improvement of policing in a young democratic country.
Social implications – Legitimacy, procedural justice and other components of policing in a democratic society need to be tested globally, especially in young democracies. This study is an example of an ongoing, follow-up endeavor of researchers and the national police to reflect upon the development of policing.
Originality/value – The paper has confirmed the invariance of relations with colleagues, supervisors’ procedural justice and audience legitimacy on the self-legitimacy in different time periods and societies. Ključne besede: police, policing, self-legitimacy, Slovenia Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.06.2024; Ogledov: 117; Prenosov: 10
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2. The policing perspective of personal data protection and the right to be forgotten in Europe and in the Republic of SloveniaMiha Dvojmoč, Tinkara Bulovec, Katja Eman, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose:
The article raises the question, whether the data protection regulation in
police procedures is sufficient and whether it does not ‘harm’ the person subject
to the procedure.
Design/Methods/Approach:
The impact, advantages and disadvantages of legislative changes on
implementing specific police tasks (e.g. biometric data, facial recognition
systems and automatic identification of vehicle registration plates) are presented,
emphasising regulation in the Republic of Slovenia as a systematic literature
review.
Findings:
The latest changes in personal data protection were related to the definition,
collection, processing, use, transmission and storage of personal data. An
individual has rights relating to access to information, processing, correction,
restrictions on use, transferability, deletion and objection to the processing of
personal data. When police operate within the law, their powers must align with
constitutional and legal provisions. This alignment safeguards interventions
in individual privacy. Yet, without legal clarity, known as lex certa, there’s a
risk of actions becoming unwarranted intrusions into rights and freedoms. A
consensus is needed between the protection of individual privacy and enabling
the effective investigation and control of crime by law enforcement authorities.
Research Limitation/Implications:
The research was focus only on data protection regulation in police
procedures.
Practical Implication:
The findings of the article offer insight into data protection regulation in
police procedures and highlights the gaps and formulate starting points for
future research. Originality/Value:
The article is the first systematic literature review in data protection in police
procedures in Slovenia. Ključne besede: protection of personal data, GDPR, police procedures, right to be forgotten, Slovenia Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.01.2024; Ogledov: 287; Prenosov: 12
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3. Improving Frontline Responses to Domestic Violence in Europe2021, znanstvena monografija Opis: The monograph on improving the response of first responders to domestic violence in Europe aims to identify gaps in the cooperation of first-line responders and deliver recommendations, toolkits and collaborative training for European police organizations and medical and social work professionals. The goal is to improve integrate institutional response to domestic violence. Shared training and adequate risk assessment tools will create a positive feedback loop, increasing reporting rates of domestic violence to police, the medical profession, and community and social work practitioners. Ključne besede: domestic violence, first responders, risk assessments, police, social work, health, cooperation, training, Europe Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.12.2021; Ogledov: 1129; Prenosov: 186
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4. The importance and effectiveness assessment of internal control in the Slovenian policeBranko Lobnikar, Kiara Ropoša, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose: The paper presents the findings of a study conducted on a sample of internal control providers within the Slovenian police as part of the target research project "Effectiveness of Systemic Control of the Police in Regard to Human Rights as well as the Statutory and Professional Standards of Police Work (V5-1942)". The purpose of the study was to analyse the control activity in the Slovenian police from the viewpoint of those carrying out control procedures. We were interested in their view of the control process and, through the interviews, we analysed the opportunities and shortcomings of the control activity within the Slovenian police in relation to systemic control conducted by external stakeholders. Design/Methods/Approach: We examined the regulatory framework of control activities in the public sector and in the police and presented the approaches used across Europe. In the empirical part, we conducted structured interviews with employees at the state level, namely with the employees tasked with carrying out control procedures in the General Police Directorate, the Criminal Police Directorate and the Uniformed Police Directorate, and we also conducted interviews with two superintendents at the Police Directorate level. We conducted a total of seven interviews. Findings: The research found that audits, whether carried out by the Ministry of the Interior or by the Police auditors, are seen as a vital element of the management of a police organization. The interview subjects emphasized the role of the heads of police units - both from the point of view of planning internal control activities and translating the findings of the audits into police practice. The dissemination of audit findings can be ensured through the digitization of police work processes; interviewees expressed the need for a systematic solution that would allow them to test the competencies of police officers. Research Limitations/Implications: The article presents the findings from the point of view of the employees responsible for carrying out control activities within the Slovenian police. For a more complete overview of the matter, our findings should be compared with the perspective of those who are the subjects of the control activities, i.e. the police officers who have undergone the control process. The findings of the research are useful primarily for the purposes of planning the processes related to the management and administration of police work and from the point of view of improving the quality of police work. Originality/Value: The paper examines how the employees responsible for carrying out the control activities perceive their own work and how the processes involved in the control of police work are organized, how they function and how effective they are. Ključne besede: audit, internal control, police, police powers, Slovenia Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.06.2021; Ogledov: 992; Prenosov: 15
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5. Systemic direction and supervision of police work in the Republic of Slovenia : current situation analysisMaja Modic, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of the target research project "Effectiveness of Systemic Supervision of the Police in Regard to Human Rights as well as the Statutory and Professional Standards of Police Work (V5-1942)". We focused on the implementation of systemic supervision of police work, more precisely, on the operations of the Division for System Guidelines and Supervision of the Police, which operates within the Police and Security Directorate. Design/Methods/Approach: We examined how systemic supervisory activity of the work of the police is regulated by Slovenian law, limiting ourselves to the work of the Division for System Guidelines and Supervision of the Police. Based on the findings and an additional review of anonymised supervision reports, we prepared a questionnaire and conducted a structured written interview as well as oral interviews with the Division's employees. Findings: Systemic supervision efforts are contributing significantly to the quality of policing, but challenges and opportunities for improvement still remain. One of the main challenges is keeping police officers informed about supervision reports and effectively implementing inspection findings. Research Limitations/Implication: In the part of the study described, we focus exclusively on the work of the Division for System Guidelines and Supervision of the Police and take a look at systemic supervision activities solely from the Division's point of view. For a more complete overview of the matter, our findings should be compared with the perspective of those being supervised, i.e. the police officers who have undergone supervision. Originality/Value: The main added value of the paper is that it examines how supervisors perceive their own work and the organisation, operation and effectiveness of systemic supervisions of police work. Ključne besede: systemic supervision of police work, Division for System Guidelines and Supervision of the Police, Police and Security Directorate, Slovenia Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.06.2021; Ogledov: 1078; Prenosov: 25
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6. Complaints against the Slovenian police : on the problem of independence and procedural impartialityBenjamin Flander, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose: The paper focuses on the problem of independence and impartiality of the complaints procedure against police work in Slovenia. Relying on the findings of the targeted research project, we address and examine the concerns regarding the adequacy of the current format and indicate the possibilities for legislative changes and reform. Design/Methods/Approach: We carried out an analysis of the legal regulation of the complaints procedure regarding the work of police officers and the results of previous research in the field. Based on the findings, we conducted a structured interview with a general questionnaire in written form and oral interviews with the people who perform the complaints procedures. Findings: The current regulation of complaints has advantages and disadvantages. According to the interviewees and in line with a wider professional consensus, complaints procedures should in future be carried out outside the Ministry of the Interior ("the Ministry") and the police. This would mean that complaints procedures would gain what they lack at present, namely the appearance of impartiality and formal/institutional independence. Research Limitations/Implications: In our research, we interviewed employees of the Ministry and representatives of the public who are involved in proceedings before the complaints panels of the Ministry. In future research, other participants (e.g. the complainants and police officers) should also be interviewed for a more comprehensive view of the issue. Originality/Value: We examined the views of the employees of the Ministry who carry out complaints procedures in order to establish the validity of concerns regarding the adequacy of current regulation and we indicated the possibilities for reform of the current procedures. Ključne besede: complaints against police work, procedure, independence, impartiality, Slovenia Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.06.2021; Ogledov: 1325; Prenosov: 31
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7. Case studies of independent audits of police financial operations by the Court of Audit of the Republic of SloveniaBojan Tičar, Jona Koren Fric, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose: This paper presents an overview of audit-case studies of the Slovenian Court of Audit where the audit subjects were Police financial operations. In relation to other state authorities, the Court of Audit of the Republic of Slovenia is an autonomous and independent state authority that supervises the use of public funds. The Court of Audit supervises all bodies and authorities in Slovenia that are users of public funds, including the Police. Design/Methods/Approach: Research design of this paper is the set of three research methods used in collecting data and analysing findings. First method is descriptive analysis of legal regulations. Second research method is case-study analysis. Third research method is observational study based on direct interview. Synthesis is presented in the conclusions. Findings: The Court of Audit reviews the credibility of the response report of auditee after audit. If the Court of Audit assesses that the remedial actions were not satisfactory and that the user of public funds violated the obligation to ensure operational efficiency, the Court of Audit may issue a call for remedial action and serve such on the competent authority, which can take measures against the auditee. As the Police are a direct user of public funds, the Court of Audit has the power to carry out an audit of the operations of the Police based on the law. The Police as whole have never been the subject of a regularity or performance audit by the Court of Audit. Research Limitations / Implications: We have limited analysed in details only those cases where police units were subjects of audit performed by Slovenian Court of Audit. Originality/Value: The Police have been the subject of three audits in time from beginning of Court of Audit operations and today. These cases are presented in the quality analysis. Based on this quality analysis, authors have also addressed some questions directly to the Court of Audit of the Republic of Slovenia, i.e., in the form of a directed interview. The questions concerned external audits of Police operations by the Court of Audit and an assessment of the cooperation of the Court of Audit with the Police. Our research results are presented in the end of this article. In conclusion, the standpoints of the Court of Audit in fact support our previous findings presented in this paper. Ključne besede: Slovenian Police, Slovenian Court of Audit, mandatory audits, regularity audits, performance audits, legal regulation of the Court of Audit Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.06.2021; Ogledov: 1412; Prenosov: 16
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8. Collaboration between investigation and crisis intervention for the investigative interview in suicide attemptsBurak M. Gönültaş, Cristin Sauter, Meral Öztürk, Murat Yildiz, 2020, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose: The present study aims to understand whether investigation and crisis intervention processes can be coupled together in suicide attempt cases in order to mitigate secondary victimisation and whether a social worker as an interventionist can accomplish this. Design/Methods/Approach: This study relies on a literature review with the help of various databases, including PubMed, Springer Database, PsycoINFO and official national and international websites. In this study, the keywords (suicide, crisis intervention, investigation, social work, social worker) were determined for screening according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Findings: We found 38 articles, 8 of which were categorised by the research team in several groups with a level of 92% agreement. We categorised them using the mentioned keywords and four groups emerged as a result: suicide and crisis intervention, crisis intervention and social workers, suicide and investigation, investigation and social work. Overviews of papers for each group are presented. Practical Implications: Investigative interviews and crisis intervention processes may be coupled together in cases of suicide attempts. This process holds the potential to increase the rigour and effectiveness of data collection for the case, allow experts to lend their knowledge and skills in support of each other, and provide opportunities for more comprehensive problem-solving in crises. Thus, according to the literature and practice, the output of the current study appears to be implementable. Originality/Value: The conceptual framework revealed in this study may be used as a valuable source for future studies on the topic of collaboration occurring between the investigation on one side and social and psychological crisis intervention services on the other. Ključne besede: suicide, crisis intervention, police, investigative interviewing, social worker Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.01.2021; Ogledov: 951; Prenosov: 33
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9. Safety, security, and crime prevention in rural areas of Krasnodarskyi Krai and the Republic of AdygeaAnton Petrovskiy, 2020, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose: The purpose of the article is to study crime and crime prevention in the rural areas of Krasnodarskyi krai and the Republic of Adygea to make suggestions for how to enhance the public security system. Design/Methods/Approach: The following methods were applied to assess crime in the rural areas of the two Russian Southern regions for the period between 2015 and 2019: a statistical observation, and calculation of a crimes index analysis of law enforcement reports. Findings: In order to ensure public security of the population in rural areas it is necessary to decentralise the crime prevention system in Russia by transferring law enforcement powers to the municipal bodies, by creating municipal police and a system for the re-socialisation of former criminals. Research Limitations/Implications: Crime in the rural areas of Krasnodarskyi krai and the Republic of Adygea depends on the impact of local factors. As a result, the reasons and conditions of similar crimes in the rural areas of Central Russia might differ. Practical Implications: The results could be used by the local authorities in planning crime prevention measures and enhancing crime prevention in the rural areas of the regions under study. Originality / Value: The article is the first study of the criminological characteristics of crime in the rural areas of Krasnodarskyi krai and the Republic of Adygea since 2014, suggesting measures to boost crime prevention with regard to the contemporary socio-economic situation. Ključne besede: public security, crime prevention, rural area, efficiency of police activity Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.01.2021; Ogledov: 893; Prenosov: 43
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10. How do Croatian police officers perceive certain characteristics of police management?Ksenija Butorac, Ante Orlović, Mislav Stjepan Žebec, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose:
To explore the importance and existence of Croatian police managers’ relevant characteristics from the perspective of police officers, and in relation to several police officers’ demographic and professional characteristics.
Design/Methods/Approach:
A convenience sample of 132 Croatian police officers (104 males) who attended a study programme in criminal investigation (average age 31.5 years) was examined by means of a questionnaire that – within Katz’s skill theory of successful management – assesses the perceived importance and the perceived existence of technical/expert, social and strategic knowledge/skills, as well as the most representative characteristics of current police managers.
Findings:
A dominant perception of the highest level of importance for all three categories of managerial knowledge/skills was detected, while possession of the said skills was mainly assessed to be at the medium level. The largest difference was found between the perceived importance and the perceived possession of social skills. Social skills were also perceived to be significantly more important than the other ones, while police managers were perceived to most frequently possess expert skills. Out of 12 offered police manager characteristics, the most frequently selected were negative ones. Finally, there were no significant and systematic effects of demographic and professional factors on the perceived importance and perceived possession of any of the three knowledge/skills categories.
Research Limitations / Implications:
A larger and more representative sample would ensure the study’s greater external validity and statistical power. Additional management skill items are needed in the questionnaire to improve the construct validity (besides including other relevant factors and questions useful for interpreting the trends detected).
Practical Implications:
Within the research limitations, the findings suggest possible changes to the education system, staff assessment and police officers’ promotion.
Originality/Value:
This is the first police management research in Croatia and probably the first generally within the framework of Katz’s skill theory of successful management. Ključne besede: police officers, perception, police management, categories of knowledge or skills Objavljeno v DKUM: 16.05.2020; Ogledov: 1174; Prenosov: 43
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