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Abstract: In the present study, vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (VA-MSPD) extraction was used to isolate the major bioactive compounds from H. arenarium. To reduce the negative environmental impact of the conventionally used organic solvents, four different choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were investigated as possible eluents. The most influential VA-MSPD extraction parameters: stationary phase (adsorbent), adsorbent/sample ratio, vortex time, and volume of extraction solvent were systematically optimized. Ultrasound-assisted extraction with 80% MeOH was used as the standard method for the comparison of results. The stability of the obtained extracts was studied over a period of 0 to 60 days at three different temperatures (−18 ◦C, 4 ◦C, and 25 ◦C). All extracts were evaluated both spectrophotometrically (determination of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity by ABTS and FRAP assay) and chromatographically (HPLC-UV). NADES based on choline chloride and lactic acid (ChCl-LA) was selected as the most effective extractant, with a determined TPC value of its extract of 38.34 ± 0.09 mg GA/g DW (27% higher than the methanolic VA-MSPD extract) and high antioxidant activity. The content of individual phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers, naringenin isomers, and chalcones) in the ChCl-LA extract, determined by HPLC-UV, was comparable to that of the conventionally obtained one. Moreover, the stabilization effect of ChCl-LA was confirmed for the studied compounds: chlorogenic acid, naringenin-40 -O-glucoside, tomoroside A, naringenin-5-Oglucoside, isosalipurposide, and naringenin. The optimum VA-MSPD conditions for the extraction of H. arenarium polyphenols were: florisil/sample ratio of 0.5/1, a vortex time of 2 min, and an elution volume of ChCl-LA of 10 mL.
Keywords: matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, MSPD, natural deep eutectic solvents, NADES, extraction optimization, sandy everlasting, phenolic compounds, stability studies, antioxidant activity
Published in DKUM: 09.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 9
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Keywords: avocado seed, Persea Americana, HPLC, phenolic compounds, enzymatic activity, phytochemistry, antioxidant, antimicrobial activity
Published in DKUM: 10.04.2024; Views: 351; Downloads: 349
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Abstract: The objective of this doctoral dissertation was to develop different analytical approaches for the extraction, separation, identification and quantitative determination of various phenolic compounds from different plants and their products. This dissertation is divided into the following four major segments, which, to some extent, can stand alone, but when it comes to the research, they are mutually very related: - Segment 1: Short-term (up to 24 h) and long-term (up to 1 month) stability studies of trans-caffeic acid (trans-CA) and trans-ferulic acid (trans-FA) dissolved in two organic solvents (methanol and tetrahydrofuran) and exposed to a range of storage conditions (temperature, organic solvents used, influence of daylight and UV irradiation) were performed for the first time. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to study the degradation of the samples and structural identification of the degradation products. - Segment 2: The research within this segment focused on the optimization of a simple, fast and quantitative extraction method for the isolation of phenolic acids (PAs) from Slovenian red wine samples. Different extraction techniques were tested, and solid phase extraction (SPE) using HLB cartridges was selected as the optimal technique. For the identification and quantification of extracted analytes, the GC-MS method was optimized and validated. Different statistical and chemometrical tools were applied, and the wines were classified according to the Slovenian wine-growing regions and vine varieties. - Segment 3: The main goal within this research segment was the development of an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method for the isolation of different polyphenol classes from coriander fruits. Additionally, for the isolation of total PAs (free and bound), two analytical steps were applied: UAE alkaline hydrolysis and clean-up using SPE HLB cartridges. The response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) were used for the optimization of the alkaline hydrolysis and for increasing the extraction yields of the PAs. In this way, most influencing factors (temperature, sonication time and NaOH concentration) were studied as independent variables. Extracted PAs were determined using the previously optimized GC-MS method. - Segment 4: The main goal of this segment of the dissertation was to show the application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a ‘green’ alternative to the conventional organic solvents for the isolation of phenolic compounds from plants such as Aronia melanocarpa (dried chokeberry) and Olea europaea (olive leaves). Different extraction techniques and instrumental methods were applied for the determination of phenolic profiles. Phenols from chokeberries were obtained through UAE. Furthermore, for the simultaneous identification and quantitative determination of 21 different phenolic compounds from Aronia melanocarpa, the HPLC-UV method was optimized and validated. On the other hand, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to improve the extraction yields of phenolic compounds from olive leave samples, which were subsequently determined by using validated HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF-MS method.
Keywords: phenolic compounds, phenolic acids, extraction, GC-MS, HPLC, method optimization, deep eutectic solvents, plant material
Published in DKUM: 11.04.2018; Views: 2385; Downloads: 184
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