1. Human-led and artificial intelligence-automated critical appraisal of systematic reviews : comparative evaluationLucija Gosak, Gregor Štiglic, Wilson Tam, Dominika Vrbnjak, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Aim To evaluate and compare human-led and artificial intelligence-automated critical appraisal of evidence. Background Critical appraisal is essential in evidence-based practice, yet many nurses lack the skills to perform it. Large language models offer potential support, but their role in critical appraisal remains underexplored. Design We conducted a comparative study to evaluate the performance of five commonly used large language models versus two human reviewers in appraising four systematic reviews on interventions to reduce medication administration errors. Methods We compared large language models and two human reviewers in independently appraising four systematic reviews using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. These models were Perplexity Sonar (Pro), Claude 3.7 Sonnet, Gemini 2.0 Flash, GPT-4.5 and Grok-2. All models received identical full texts and standardized prompts. Responses were analyzed descriptively and agreement was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa. Results Large language models showed full agreement with human reviewers on five of 11 JBI items. Most disagreements occurred in appraising search strategy, inclusion criteria and publication bias. The agreement between human reviewers and large language models ranged from slight to moderate. The highest level of agreement was observed with Claude (κ = 0.732), while the lowest level was observed with Gemini (κ = 0.394). Conclusion Large language models can support aspects of critical appraisal evidence but lack contextual reasoning and methodological insight required for complex judgments. While Claude 3.7 Sonnet aligned most closely with human reviewers, human oversight remains essential. Large language models should serve as adjuncts and not substitutes for evidence-based practice.
Ključne besede: artificial intelligence in healthcare, multimodal large language models, nursing, evidence-based practice
Objavljeno v DKUM: 12.11.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 1
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2. Interdependence of nursing staff work engagement, quality of workplace relationships and patient safetyHilda Maze, Sanja Zorić, Bojan Rosi, Branko Lobnikar, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background and Purpose: Quality within a healthcare system does not comprise only actions defined through certificates or required by law, standards and protocols; it is also defined by the well-being of healthcare workers on the one hand and patients on the other. The purpose paper is to analyse the link between the engagement of nurses and factors related to enhancing patient quality and safety. Methods: The research involved 206 nursing employees from Slovenia’s general hospitals. The questionnaire con-sists of four sections: employee engagement, the measure of self-efficacy, statements referring to various tools and methods that are used in nursing in daily work and that contribute to the quality of work, interpersonal relationships in the workplace between different professional groups within medical treatment, and attitude towards changes.Results: Compared to other professions, nursing employees showed an above-average level of engagement. Younger respondents were more engaged in their work, and their self-efficacy level was higher. The frequency of using tools intended to enhance the quality of nursing correlates statistically typically and positively with self-effica-cy, engagement and willingness to accept change. The analysed factors are interdependent. Engagement results from workplace interactions; employees who feel better in their workplace will be more oriented towards the future, be more open to innovation, and use various tools and approaches to enhance the work’s quality.Conclusion: Analysed concepts are closely connected and interdependent. The findings are essential for the suc-cessful and efficient management of hospitals and for ensuring patient quality and safety.
Ključne besede: nursing, patient, engagement, quality, safety, self-efficacy
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.10.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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3. Towards inclusive and resilient living environments for older adults: a methodological framework for assessment of social sustainability in nursing homesVanja Skalicky Klemenčič, Vesna Žegarac Leskovar, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The quality of living environments for older adults represents a critical component of social sustainability in an ageing society. Among various housing options, nursing homes are the most institutionalised form of elderly care and demand special attention regarding architectural design. This paper explores the impact of architectural and open space features on social sustainability in living environments for older adults. A comparative analysis of three Slovenian nursing homes is presented. The first two, built in the post-war period, were based on elevated architectural criteria inspired by Swedish human-centred housing design. The third was completed in 2021 in the post-COVID-19 era, which revealed the vulnerability of such housing typologies. An integrated methodological framework was developed by applying two complementary assessment tools: the Safe and Connected, developed by the authors to evaluate the spatial, health, and social resilience of nursing home environments, and the Well-being and Integration, addressing the role of open space with a particular emphasis on the identification of older adults with their environment and the facilitation of social resilience. Both tools evaluate indicators linked to the social dimension of quality of life for older adults. The results show a gradual improvement in architectural quality from the 1960s to the 1980s, followed by a partial decline in the contemporary case. The Swedish example scored highest across both tools. In contrast, the newest Slovenian facility scored surprisingly low in social integration, highlighting critical gaps in current nursing home design. This study demonstrates the value of applying interdisciplinary, tool-based evaluations in identifying design strategies that foster resilient and inclusive LTC environments, and the proposed framework may serve as a decision-making aid for architects, planners, and policymakers. This research highlights the importance of reintroducing human-oriented design principles to support socially sustainable nursing home environments.
Ključne besede: assessment tools, living environment, nursing homes, older adults, social sustainability
Objavljeno v DKUM: 13.08.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 15
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4. Healthcare student engagement with health-related content through Netflix mini-series : a qualitative studyNino Fijačko, Špela Metličar, Gregor Štiglic, Lucija Gosak, Roger Watson, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background Conventional lecture-based teaching often struggles to keep students engaged and attentive throughout the class. Television and film, when used as educational tools, can promote a compassionate, person-centered approach to healthcare. Film-based education enhances critical thinking and allows students safely to explore and express their professional values and beliefs. This qualitative research aimed to explore how a Netflix mini-series could engage healthcare students and enhance their interest in learning, rather than its direct instructional effectiveness. Method In September 2023, the “Simulation and Games in Nursing Education” international summer school featured daily episodes from “The Nurse” Netflix mini-series, each lasting 40 to 60 min. Healthcare students attended this event as part of their summer school program. We employed a six-step thematic analysis framework to analyze the collected data and Sankey diagrams were used for visualization. Results Our research involved 28 healthcare students from six European countries, predominantly women (82%, 23/28), with a mean age of 22 years (SD 2.35). None had seen the series before the summer school. The analysis revealed ‘Cinenurducation’ as the main theme, supported by three subthemes: (1) Observational learning and Critical thinking; (2) Cinenurducation feelings; and (3) Relationships and Personal behaviors. Conclusion While Netflix mini-series can provide engagement opportunities, this research underscores the importance of distinguishing between engagement and educational effectiveness in using media as a teaching tool. Clinical trial number None.
Ključne besede: Netflix, drama, serial killer, learning, healthcare, nursing
Objavljeno v DKUM: 30.06.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 4
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6. Psychometric testing of the caring assessment tool: Educational version (CAT-Edu©)Kasandra Musović, Majda Pajnkihar, Dominika Vrbnjak, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background
Caring is fundamental to quality nursing education, fostering effective nurse-patient relationships, empathy, and holistic care. Globally, including in Slovenia, nursing institutions struggle to integrate caring behaviors into curricula due to a lack of culturally sensitive assessment tools. This limits the measurement and development of caring competencies, potentially affecting education quality and patient outcomes.
Objectives
To translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Caring Assessment Tool-educational version (CAT-edu).
Design
A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was used to evaluate the CAT-edu's psychometric properties.
Setting
Four nursing faculties, with data collected from October 2021 until February 2022.
Participants
A convenience sample of 703 undergraduate student nurses enrolled in first-cycle Bologna degree programs.
Methods
The CAT-edu was translated using forward- and back-translation. Content validity indices were calculated to evaluate content validity by nine experts, and ten educators assessed face validity. Construct validity was evaluated through principal component analysis and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and RStudio.
Results
Content validity was strong, with most items achieving high content validity indices; however, three items (26, 52, and 74) scored slightly lower. Construct validity was confirmed through principal component analysis, with Bartlett's test of Sphericity (p < 0.001) and a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.974 indicating suitability. Seven components explained 59.70 % of the variance. The 62-item version showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97).
Limitations
The study lacked a test-retest reliability assessment and may have limited potential generalizability due to convenience sampling and specific sample demographics.
Conclusions
The first Slovenian version of the CAT-edu for assessing caring behaviors in nursing education is a culturally sensitive and relatively psychometrically robust instrument. It supports faculty development, curriculum enhancements, and institutional policies. Addressing gaps like noncaring behaviors can foster caring competencies and improve patient outcomes.
Ključne besede: Caring, Education, nursing, Ssudents, psychometrics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 28.05.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 9
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7. Burnout and job satisfaction of healthcare workers in Slovenian nursing homes in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemicLjiljana Leskovic, Karmen Erjavec, Robert Leskovar, Goran Vukovič, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Introduction and objective: Since there is no study on burnout and job satisfaction in Slovenian nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aims to analyse job satisfaction and burnout levels of healthcare professionals working in Slovenian nursing homes in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, and make a comparison with the results of the same services in 2013.
Material and methods: The study is based on a cross-organisational and descriptive quantitative study conducted in spring 2013 (n = 556) and spring 2020 at the peak of the pandemic in Eastern Europe (n = 781) to identify the relationships and the changes in the satisfaction and burnout levels of healthcare professionals working in Slovenian nursing homes in rural areas, and on a qualitative study conducted in 2020, to identify in-depth relationships and changes in both studies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: An increase in burnout syndromes between 2013 – 2020 was observed. The respondents experienced intensified emotional exhaustion and lack of personal accomplishment during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, depersonalisation did not differ statistically over the years. During the pandemic crisis, healthcare workers were less satisfied with their job than in spring 2013. Their job satisfaction was related to satisfaction with the work of nursing homes and with the work of state institutions and politicians who directly affected their working conditions and recognition in society.
Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly exacerbated already existing burnout syndromes of nursing homes healthcare workers in Slovenian rural areas. Job satisfaction proved to be a relevant predictor of burnout syndrome. A negative correlation was observed between job satisfaction in 2020 and emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment in 2013 and 2020.
Ključne besede: job satisfaction, professional burnout, healthcare workers, nursing homes, COVID-19 pandemic
Objavljeno v DKUM: 28.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 9
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8. Effects of a serious smartphone game on nursing students` theoretical knowledge and practical skills in adult basic life support : randomized wait list-controlled trialNino Fijačko, Ruth Masterson Creber, Špela Metličar, Matej Strnad, Robert Greif, Gregor Štiglic, Pavel Skok, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: Retention of adult basic life support (BLS) knowledge and skills after professional training declines over time.To combat this, the European Resuscitation Council and the American Heart Association recommend shorter, more frequent BLS sessions. Emphasizing technology-enhanced learning, such as mobile learning, aims to increase out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival and is becoming more integral in nursing education.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether playing a serious smartphone game called MOBICPR at home can improve and retain nursing students’ theoretical knowledge of and practical skills in adult BLS.
Methods: This study used a randomized wait list–controlled design. Nursing students were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a MOBICPR intervention group (MOBICPR-IG) or a wait-list control group (WL-CG), where the latter received the MOBICPR game 2 weeks after the MOBICPR-IG. The aim of the MOBICPR game is to engage participants in using smartphone
gestures (eg, tapping) and actions (eg, talking) to perform evidence-based adult BLS on a virtual patient with OHCA. The participants’ theoretical knowledge of adult BLS was assessed using a questionnaire, while their practical skills were evaluated on cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality parameters using a manikin and a checklist.
Results: In total, 43 nursing students participated in the study, 22 (51%) in MOBICPR-IG and 21 (49%) in WL-CG. There were differences between the MOBICPR-IG and the WL-CG in theoretical knowledge (P=.04) but not in practical skills (P=.45) after MOBICPR game playing at home. No difference was noted in the retention of participants’ theoretical knowledge and practical
skills of adult BLS after a 2-week break from playing the MOBICPR game (P=.13). Key observations included challenges in response checks with a face-down manikin and a general neglect of safety protocols when using an automated external defibrillator.
Conclusions: Playing the MOBICPR game at home has the greatest impact on improving the theoretical knowledge of adult BLS in nursing students but not their practical skills. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating diverse scenarios into adult BLS training.
Ključne besede: serious smartphone game, adult basic life support, teaching, games, gaming, education, nurses, nursing, educational, mHealth, mobile health, applications, smartphones, randomized controlled trial, technology-enhanced learning, life support, knowledge retention, practical
Objavljeno v DKUM: 27.11.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 134
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9. Assessing the incorporation of the `Five moments for hand hygiene` into nursing procedure textbooksAdrijana Svenšek, Dominika Muršec, Nino Fijačko, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Aim
Our aim was to conduct a thorough comparison between the hand hygiene information included in international nursing textbooks and the Slovenian nursing textbook's equivalent content as it relates to nursing procedures.
Background
Hand hygiene practices are crucial in preventing healthcare-associated infections, which affect millions of patients annually. The idea behind "Five Moments for Hand Hygiene" is to encourage assessing success and boosting self-efficacy.
Design
Comparison of hand hygiene content in international nursing textbooks with the content in a Slovenian nursing textbook.
Methods
A study was conducted between March 2023 and March 2024 to compare hand hygiene content in international nursing textbooks. The study included textbooks from the USA and UK, as well as Slovenian (SI) textbooks. The final phase involved comparing hand hygiene performance practices against the WHO Five Moments for Hand Hygiene.
Results
The study reviewed 470 nursing procedures across three textbooks, identifying four common ones: female indwelling urinary catheterisation, small-bore feeding tube insertion, enema administration and subcutaneous injections. The USA textbook had the highest number of steps, while the UK textbook had the lowest. Clean protective gloves are not recommended for all nursing procedures, only for small-bore feeding tube insertion and enema administration. The US textbook omitted 12 steps for the female indwelling urinary catheter procedure, while the UK textbook included 10 steps. The SI textbook omitted 8 steps.
Conclusions
Hand hygiene is crucial for healthcare infections prevention and control. The study found differences in the frequency of hand hygiene in these nursing procedures. WHO's Five Moments for Hand Hygiene guidelines are not universally accepted, with inadequate hygiene often observed before patient contact. Future research should review foreign textbooks and update existing ones.
Ključne besede: WHO, hand hygiene, nursing education, nursing procedures
Objavljeno v DKUM: 26.11.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 9
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10. International Scientific Conference »Research and Education in Nursing« : Book of Abstracts, June 13th 2024, Maribor, Slovenia2024, zbornik Opis: University of Maribor Faculty of Health Sciences is organising the lnternational Scientific Conference "Research and Education in Nursing". It will be held on June 13th 2024 in Maribor and will include the most recent findings of domestic and foreign researchers in nursing and other healthcare fields. The conference aims to explore advances in nursing and health care research as well as research-based education, in the Slovenian and international arena. Furthermore, it will provide an opportunity far practitioners and educators to exchange research evidence, models of best practice and innovative ideas.
Ključne besede: higher education, nursing, health sciences, conference, research
Objavljeno v DKUM: 12.06.2024; Ogledov: 178; Prenosov: 31
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