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Abstract: On the 26 May 2023, the Convention on International Co¬ operation in the Investigation and Prosecution of Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes and other International Crimes was adopted in Ljubljana, Slovenia. This contribution focuses on how the Convention closes the existing practical and legal gap hampering cross-border gathering of evi¬ dence in investigations focusing on core international crime. To this end, the drafting process and goals of the Convention are briefly outlined, before the author dissects its general provisions related to each phase of a request for mutual legal assistance: issuing of the request, its transmission to the execut¬ ingauthority, grounds for its refusal, and the execution phase (including the speciality principle and sharing of evidence via CICED). The Convention also contains some particularly detailed rules regarding specific requested for in¬ vestigation measures. Clauses on hearings by video-conference and joint in¬ vestigation teams are particularly well developed and therefore analysed by the author. However, even particularly well thought out provisions can only reach their potential if the Convention is signed by a sufficient number of states willing to end impunity for core international crime. The author argues that, beyond these considerations, for WB states, supporting the Convention is also in line with the Western Balkans Criminal Justice initiative promoted by Eurojust. He concludes that, by signing the Convention, any state sends a strong signal to the EU and its citizens that is aligned with European values.
Keywords: MLA Initiative, core international crime, mutual legal assistance, international criminal law, mla convention
Published in DKUM: 16.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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Abstract: Arbitration represents a popular alternative dispute resolution mechanism in the European Union (EU). However, the coexistence of arbitration and court litigation in the EU legal area has been proven to be quite difficult to regulate. At the EU level, the Brussels I bis Regulation, i.e., the main instrument governing jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, explicitly states that arbitration does not fall under its scope. This ‘arbitration exception’ has led to difficulties in practice, many of which have found their way to the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU). However, as the CJEU case law shows, it only led to new questions. As these issues will keep emerging, a different solution must be found. The perfect moment for such change is now, as the reform of the Brussels I bis Regulation is ongoing. This paper thus presents the intricacies of the ‘thorny’ interplay of arbitration and court litigation in the EU. In order to remedy the existing problems in practice, two potential solutions are suggested.
Keywords: arbitration exception, Brussels I bis Regulation, arbitration, EU civil procedure, private international law, court litigation
Published in DKUM: 02.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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Keywords: medicine law, surrogacy, surrogate motherhood
Published in DKUM: 08.09.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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Abstract: This article aims to analyze a proposed amendment of 2021 to the Polish Criminal Code relating to abortion. The starting point for the considered legal solutions is the equalization of criminal law protection of human life before and after birth. This means that a termination of pregnancy is to be regarded as homicide, with all its attendant consequences. This article analyzes the legal implications arising from the proposed amendments both in relation to pregnant women and other persons (doctors, relatives and even employers of pregnant women). The far-reaching repressiveness of the future anti-abortion law that is rarely found in the modern world is demonstrated. The analysis is complemented with an attempt to diagnose the social consequences of the proposed amendments using historical and criminological texts concerning such situations in the past, as well as on the basis of sociological observations of current social trends. The authors believe that the proposed law will prove to be ineffective, and children (including unborn ones) will be maleficiaries rather than beneficiaries of the amendments in question.
Keywords: medicine law, criminal law, abortion, Poland
Published in DKUM: 08.09.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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Abstract: Patients frequently opt for medical treatment outside the public health system. This means that the patient enters into a contract with an individual physician, which commits the physician to perform a medical procedure for the patient, and the patient undertakes to pay for this procedure. If the physician does not act with due diligence or does not achieve an outcome that they have explicitly committed to reach, a situation may arise where the patient has a monetary claim against the physician. If the physician does not repay the claim voluntarily, the patient has certain options available to ensure that their claim is forcibly repaid. In this paper, we deal with the position of the +patient as a creditor who does not yet have an enforceable title in relation to the physician and the debtor, and with a patient who already has such an enforceable title. The field of study is limited to the situation when Slovenian law applies for decision on the responsibility of a physician and patient wants to claim the funds that the physician has in bank accounts in the European Union.
Keywords: medicine law, liability claim, patient's rights, European Union
Published in DKUM: 04.09.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 7
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