71. The role of modal verbs in research papers in the field of logisticsPolona Vičič, Klementina Penelope Jurančič, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Research papers, an essential vehicle for disseminating new knowledge and findings, have long been valued for their linguistic objectivity and impersonality. However, more recent approaches to research paper writing suggest that authors should also take an "argumentative position" (White, 2003) by projecting their stance and encouraging the readers to actively engage in the process of reading and evaluating the text (Hyland, 2005; Scollon, 1994). An important linguistic feature, frequently employed for both objective and subjective presentation of claims, is modality and within it modal verbs, which through their modal meanings express different communicative functions. In recognition of genre- and discipline-specific norms, the present paper will focus on quantitative and qualitative analysis of modal verbs and their meanings and functions in logistics research papers, whereby the ultimate goal is to show what practical implications the study's results may have for the teaching of English to students of logistics.
Ključne besede: discipline-specific language use, subjectivity, objectivity, modal verbs, research papers, logistics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 20.07.2017; Ogledov: 1196; Prenosov: 94
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72. Towards building a forensics aware language for secure loggingShams Zawoad, Marjan Mernik, Ragib Hasan, 2014, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Trustworthy system logs and application logs are crucial for digital forensics. Researchers have proposed different security mechanisms to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of logs. However, applying current secure logging schemes on heterogeneous formats of logs is tedious. Here, we propose Forensics Aware Language (FAL), a domain-specific language (DSL) through which we can apply a secure logging mechanism on any format of logs. Using FAL, we can define log structure, which represents the format of logs and ensures the security properties of a chosen secure logging scheme. This log structure can later be used by FAL to serve two purposes: it can be used to store system logs securely and it will help application developers for secure application logging by generating the required source code.
Ključne besede: domain-specific language, DSL, secure logging, audit trail, digital forensics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.07.2017; Ogledov: 1404; Prenosov: 384
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73. Ontology driven development of domain-specific languagesInes Čeh, Matej Črepinšek, Tomaž Kosar, Marjan Mernik, 2011, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Domain-specific languages (DSLs) are computer (programming, modeling, specification) languages devoted to solving problems in a specific domain. Thedevelopment of a DSL includes the following phases: decision, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. The least-known and least examined are analysis and design. Although various formal methodologies exist, domain analysis is still done informally most of the time. A common reason why formal methodologies are not used as often as they could be is that they are very demanding. Instead of developing a new, less complex methodology, we propose that domain analysis could be replaced with a previously existing analysis in another form. A particularly suitable form is the use of ontologies. This paper focuses on ontology-based domain analysis and how it can be incorporated into the DSL design phase. We will present the preliminary results of the Ontology2DSL framework, which can be used to help transform ontology to a DSL grammar incorporating concepts from a domain.
Ključne besede: domain specific language, domain analysis, ontology
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.07.2017; Ogledov: 1617; Prenosov: 549
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74. On automata and language based grammar metricsMatej Črepinšek, Tomaž Kosar, Marjan Mernik, Julien Cervelle, Rémi Forax, Gilles Roussel, 2010, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Grammar metrics have been introduced to measure the quality and the complexity of the formal grammars. The aim of this paper is to explore the meaning of these notions and to experiment, on several grammars of domain specific languages and of general-purpose languages, existing grammar metrics together with the new metrics that are based on grammar LR automaton and on the language recognized. We discuss the results of this experiment and focus on the comparison between grammars of domain specific languages as well as of general-purpose languages and on the evolution of the metrics between several versions of the same language.
Ključne besede: grammar metrics, software language engineering, grammar engineering, grammarware
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.07.2017; Ogledov: 1543; Prenosov: 423
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75. Implementation of EasyTime formal semantics using a LISA compiler generatorIztok Fister, Marjan Mernik, Iztok Fister, Dejan Hrnčič, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A manual measuring time tool in mass sporting competitions would not be imaginable nowadays, because many modern disciplines, such as IRONMAN, last a long-time and, therefore, demand additional reliability. Moreover, automatic timing-devices based on RFID technology, have become cheaper. However, these devices cannot operate as standalone because they need a computer measuring system that is capable of processing incoming events, encoding the results, assigning them to the correct competitor, sorting the results according to theachieved times, and then providing a printout of the results. This article presents the domain-specific language EasyTime, which enables the controlling of an agent by writing the events within a database. It focuses, in particular, on the implementation of EasyTime with a LISA tool that enables the automatic construction of compilers from language specifications, using Attribute Grammars.
Ključne besede: domain specific modelling language, compiler, code generator, measuring time
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.07.2017; Ogledov: 1699; Prenosov: 375
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76. From DCOM interfaces to domain-specific modeling language : a case study on the sequencerTomaž Kos, Tomaž Kosar, Jure Knez, Marjan Mernik, 2011, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Software development is a demanding process, since it involves different parties to perform a desired task. The same case applies to the development ofmeasurement systems - measurement system producers often provide interfaces to their products, after which the customersć programming engineers use them to build software according to the instructions and requirements of domain experts from the field of data acquisition. Until recently, the customers of the measurement system DEWESoft were building measuring applications, using prefabricated DCOM objects. However, a significant amount of interaction between customersć programming engineers and measurement system producers is necessary to use DCOM objects. Therefore, a domain-specific modeling language has been developed to enable domain experts to program or model their own measurement procedures without interacting with programming engineers. In thispaper, experiences gained during the shift from using the DEWESoft productas a programming library to domain-specific modeling language are provided together with the details of a Sequencer, a domain-specific modeling language for the construction of measurement procedures.
Ključne besede: domain specific modelling language, data acquisition, measurement systems
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.07.2017; Ogledov: 1574; Prenosov: 188
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77. Challenges and directions in formalizing the semantics of modeling languagesBarrett Richard Bryant, Jeffrey G. Gray, Marjan Mernik, Peter Clarke, Robert France, Gabor Karsai, 2011, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Developing software from models is a growing practice and there exist many model-based tools (e.g., editors, interpreters, debuggers, and simulators) forsupporting model-driven engineering. Even though these tools facilitate theautomation of software engineering tasks and activities, such tools are typically engineered manually. However, many of these tools have a common semantic foundation centered around an underlying modeling language, which would make it possible to automate their development if the modeling language specification were formalized. Even though there has been much work in formalizing programming languages, with many successful tools constructed using such formalisms, there has been little work in formalizing modeling languages for the purpose of automation. This paper discusses possible semantics-based approaches for the formalization of modeling languages and describes how this formalism may be used to automate the construction of modeling tools.
Ključne besede: model-based tools, modeling language, semantics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.07.2017; Ogledov: 1273; Prenosov: 400
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78. A DSL for the development of software agents working within a semantic web environmentSebla Demirkol, Moharram Challenger, Sinem Getir, Tomaž Kosar, Geylani Kardas, Marjan Mernik, 2013, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Software agents became popular in the development of complex software systems,especially those requiring autonomous and proactive behavior. Agents interact with each other within a Multi-agent System (MAS), in order to perform certain defined tasks in a collaborative and/or selfish manner. However, the autonomous, proactive and interactive structure of MAS causes difficulties when developing such software systems. It is within this context,that the use of a Domain-specific Language (DSL) may support easier and quicker MAS development methodology. The impact of such DSL usage could beclearer when considering the development of MASs, especially those working on new challenging environments like the Semantic Web. Hence, this paper introduces a new DSL for Semantic Web enabled MASs. This new DSL is called Semantic web Enabled Agent Language (SEA_L). Both the SEA_L user-aspects and the way of implementing SEA_L are discussed in the paper. The practical use of SEA_L is also demonstrated using a case study which considers the modeling of a multi-agent based e-barter system. When considering the language implementation, we first discuss the syntax of SEA_L and we show how the specifications of SEA_L can be utilized during the code generation of real MAS implementations. The syntax of SEA_L is supported by textual modeling toolkits developed with Xtext. Code generation for the instance models are supplied with the Xpand tool.
Ključne besede: domain-specific language, DSL, metamodel, multi-agent system, semantic web
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.07.2017; Ogledov: 1266; Prenosov: 380
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79. Context-dependent factored language modelsGregor Donaj, Zdravko Kačič, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The incorporation of grammatical information into speech recognition systems is often used to increase performance in morphologically rich languages. However, this introduces demands for sufficiently large training corpora and proper methods of using the additional information. In this paper, we present a method for building factored language models that use data obtained by morphosyntactic tagging. The models use only relevant factors that help to increase performance and ignore data from other factors, thus also reducing the need for large morphosyntactically tagged training corpora. Which data is relevant is determined at run-time, based on the current text segment being estimated, i.e., the context. We show that using a context-dependent model in a two-pass recognition algorithm, the overall speech recognition accuracy in a Broadcast News application improved by 1.73% relatively, while simpler models using the same data achieved only 0.07% improvement. We also present a more detailed error analysis based on lexical features, comparing first-pass and second-pass results.
Ključne besede: speech recognition, factored language model, dynamic backoff path, word context, inflectional language, morphosyntactic tags
Objavljeno v DKUM: 26.06.2017; Ogledov: 1829; Prenosov: 372
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80. A comparison of comprehension processes in sign language interpreter videos with or without captionsMatjaž Debevc, Danijela Milošević, Ines Kožuh, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: One important theme in captioning is whether the implementation of captions in individual sign language interpreter videos can positively affect viewers% comprehension when compared with sign language interpreter videos without captions. In our study, an experiment was conducted using four video clips with information about everyday events. Fifty-one deaf and hard of hearing sign language users alternately watched the sign language interpreter videos with, and without, captions. Afterwards, they answered ten questions. The results showed that the presence of captions positively affected their rates of comprehension, which increased by 24% among deaf viewers and 42% among hard of hearing viewers. The most obvious differences in comprehension between watching sign language interpreter videos with and without captions were found for the subjects of hiking and culture, where comprehension was higher when captions were used. The results led to suggestions for the consistent use of captions in sign language interpreter videos in various media.
Ključne besede: sign language, comparison, interpreter videos
Objavljeno v DKUM: 19.06.2017; Ogledov: 1290; Prenosov: 406
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