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Abstract: A region has a certain area within which there is a certain number of cities that are different in the number of the inhabitants, located at different distances from each other, forming an urban system that is based on the multitude of relationships between them. This study investigates the hierarchy of the 16 cities that make up the regional urban system of Dobrogea, as well as the spatial interaction between them. To achieve these goals, severalmodels were used, such as those of Zipf, Beckman, and Reilly-Converse, and the Jefferson index. The results of the study indicate the urban primacy (hypertophy) of the largest city in the territory located between the Danube and the Black Sea, Constanța, as well as the macrocephaly of its regional urban system. Zipf's law shows the incoherence, the imbalance of the urban system and divides its cities into plethoric cities and deficit cities. The same characteristics of the urban system are also confirmed by Beckman's law. By applying the Reilly-Converse law, the zone of influence of the city of Constanța was delimited, almost 38% of the entire area of the Dobrogea region.
Keywords: urban geography, Constanța, hypertrophy, imbalance, spatial interaction, urban systems, urban hierarchy
Published in DKUM: 22.01.2026; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: Background and Purpose: The emergence of new technologies affects different business areas, including HR activities. Employee communication is an HR activity that can be automated with the application of chatbots. Besides the numerous advantages these artificial entities offer, the challenges generated by them also need to be considered. One such challenge is user acceptance, which plays a substantial role in the implementation. This study aims to explore employees’ behavioural responses to HR chatbots. Thus, we applied the sensemaking perspective, according to which new, unknown phenomena induce the need for interpretation in individuals that simultaneously shape individuals’ behaviour toward the phenomenon. Methodology: For data collection, we conducted semi-structured interviews that were analysed with interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). The sample consisted of 6 HR professionals and ten general users. The study took place at the Hungarian organisations of a multinational company. Results: The analysis revealed that subjects who attributed positive meanings to the HR chatbot typically engaged in actions that aligned with organisational expectations, i.e., using the digital assistant became part of their routine. Interestingly, the closer HR professionals are to technology in their work activities, the more positively they perceive it. However, having ambivalent feelings towards technology resulted in occasional use or avoidance, while experiencing negative feelings led to the rejection of use. Conclusion: We explored the different meanings employees attributed to the HR bot and their actions directed towards it both in the initial and transitional technology adoption phase. The results contribute to understanding how an HR chatbot can be successfully implemented in an organisation.
Keywords: HR chatbot, HR bot, human-chatbot interaction, chatbot, sensemaking
Published in DKUM: 07.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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Abstract: The paper presents research on museum-school relationship from the point of view of teachers from secondary grammar and vocational schools. It explores their current and preferred interactions. The results show that teachers from vocational schools make field trips less frequently and are less satisfied with their relationship with museums. The characteristics of museum-school interactions are the same for both groups and form a model of low-intensity relations, with each institution maintaining its discrete authority, responsibilities and resources. Unlike the responses of the grammar-school teachers, those of vocational-school teachers do not indicate any development of the present relationship.
Keywords: Secondary grammar school, secondary vocational school, museums, museumschool partnership, models of interaction
Published in DKUM: 25.07.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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Abstract: Rehabilitation aids help people with temporal or permanent disabilities during the rehabilitation process. However, these solutions are usually expensive and, consequently, inaccessible outside of professional medical institutions. Rapid advances in software development, Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, and additive manufacturing open up a way to affordable rehabilitation solutions, even to the general population. Imagine a rehabilitation aid constructed from accessible software and hardware with local production. Many obstacles exist to using such technology, starting with the development of unified software for custom-made devices. In this paper, we address open issues in designing rehabilitation aids by proposing an extensive rehabilitation platform. To demonstrate our concept, we developed a unique platform, RehabHand. The main idea is to use domain-specific language and code generation techniques to enable loosely coupled software and hardware solutions. The main advantage of such separation is support for modular and a higher abstraction level by enabling therapists to write rehabilitation exercises in natural, domain-specific terminology and share them with patients. The same platform provides a hardware-independent part that facilitates the integration of new rehabilitation devices. Experience in implementing RehabHand with three different rehabilitation devices confirms that such rehabilitation technology can be developed, and shows that implementing a hardware-independent rehabilitation platform might not be as challenging as expected.
Keywords: movement observation, rehabilitation aid, assistive technology, robot-assisted rehabilitation, additive manufacturing, local production, human-computer interaction, code generation, domain-specific languages
Published in DKUM: 16.06.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 9
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Abstract: Automatic speech recognition is essential for establishing natural communication with a human–computer interface. Speech recognition accuracy strongly depends on the complexity of language. Highly inflected word forms are a type of unit present in some languages. The acoustic background presents an additional important degradation factor influencing speech recognition accuracy. While the acoustic background has been studied extensively, the highly inflected word forms and their combined influence still present a major research challenge. Thus, a novel type of analysis is proposed, where a dedicated speech database comprised solely of highly inflected word forms is constructed and used for tests. Dedicated test sets with various acoustic backgrounds were generated and evaluated with the Slovenian UMB BN speech recognition system. The baseline word accuracy of 93.88% and 98.53% was reduced to as low as 23.58% and 15.14% for the various acoustic backgrounds. The analysis shows that the word accuracy degradation depends on and changes with the acoustic background type and level. The highly inflected word forms’ test sets without background decreased word accuracy from 93.3% to only 63.3% in the worst case. The impact of highly inflected word forms on speech recognition accuracy was reduced with the increased levels of acoustic background and was, in these cases, similar to the non-highly inflected test sets. The results indicate that alternative methods in constructing speech databases, particularly for low-resourced Slovenian language, could be beneficial.
Keywords: human–computer interaction, automatic speech recognition, acoustic modeling, highly inflected word forms, acoustic background
Published in DKUM: 28.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 10
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