Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: Most organic waste from food production is still not used for energy production. From the perspective of energy production, one option is to valorise the properties of organic waste. The fruit juice industry is growing rapidly and generates large amounts of waste. One of the main wastes in food and fruit juice processing is peach pits and apple peels. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of torrefaction temperature on the properties of food waste, namely apple peels, peach pits and pea shells, in order to improve their energy value and determine their potential for further use and valorisation as a renewable energy source. The aim was to analyse the influence of different torrefaction temperatures on the heating value (HHV), mass yield (MY) and energy yield (EY) in order to better understand the behavior of the thermal properties of individual selected samples. The torrefaction process was carried out at temperatures of 250 ◦C, 350 ◦C and 450 ◦C. The obtained biomass was compared with dried biomass. For apple peels, HHV after torrefaction was (28 kJ/kg), MY decreased by (66–34%), while EY fell by (97–83%). Peach pits, despite a higher HHV after torrefaction (18 kJ/kg), achieved low MY (38–89%) and EY (59–99%), which reduces their efficiency in biochar production. Pea peels had EY (82–97%) and a lower HHV after torrefaction (11 kJ/kg), but their high ash content limits their wider use. The results confirm that, with increasing temperature, MY and EY for all selected biomasses decrease, which is a consequence of the degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose and the loss of volatile compounds. In most cases, increasing the torrefaction temperature improved the resistance to moisture adsorption, as this is related to the thermal process that causes structural changes. The results showed that the torrefaction process improved the hydrophobic properties of the biomass samples. Temperature was seen to have a great impact on mass energy efficiency. Apple peels generally had the highest mass and energy yield.
Ključne besede: torrefaction, food waste, energy from waste, higher heating value, energy potential
Objavljeno v DKUM: 07.02.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 15
Celotno besedilo (3,55 MB)

Opis: The article presents a new carbon-free heat production technology for district heating, which consists of a combined heat and power generation fuel cell (FC CHP) with CO2 capture and a two-stage cascade high-temperature heat pump (TCHHP). The FC generates heat and electricity, the latter being used to drive the compressors of the TCHHP. During the winter period, the water temperature achieved can occasionally be too low, so it would be heated up with hydrogen gas boilers. The hydrogen would be produced by reforming natural gas, synthetic methane, or biogas. The results are presented with natural gas utilization—the ratio between the obtained heat flow transferred directly to the water for district heating and the input heat flow of natural gas. In the case of a return water temperature of 60 °C and district heating temperature of 85 °C, the TCHHP, whose heat source is groundwater, achieves plant efficiency of 270.04% in relation to the higher heating value (HHV) and 241.74% in relation to the lower heating value (LHV) of natural gas. A case with a TCHHP whose heat source is low-temperature geothermal water achieves a plant efficiency of 361.36% in relation to the HHV and 323.49% in relation to the LHV.
Ključne besede: carbon-free, decarbonization of district heating systems, fuell cell, high-temperature district heating, high-temperature heat pump
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.05.2024; Ogledov: 233; Prenosov: 19
Celotno besedilo (3,32 MB)
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Opis: The effects of global warming are a crucial issue in the near future. The combination of renewable energy sources (RES) and the use of alternative energy technology such as heat pumps and hydrogen technology could solve major ecological problems. In Central Europe, the energy demand for heating and cooling in residential buildings is clearly higher than for generation of electricity or energy for trucking e.g. In this paper, a new solar thermal absorber has been analysed which is produced by using the so called "roll bond" technology (ABS Network, 2018). The focus of this study lies on the determination of the energy efficiency by combining this solar thermal absorber with heat pumps and biomass or geothermal systems in the region of Central Europe.
Ključne besede: roll bond solar absorbers, thermal analysis, solar systems, heat pump systems, heating and cooling in residential buildings
Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.12.2023; Ogledov: 332; Prenosov: 33
Celotno besedilo (18,06 MB)
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Opis: Energy wells are thermo-active elements for an economical extraction or storage of ground energy, similar to energy piles and other deep foundation elements also used as heat exchangers. Heating and/or cooling of buildings requires a primary and secondary thermo-active circuit, commonly connected by a heat pump. The paper gives several design aspects of energy wells which can be also used for the design of deep energy foundations. Thermal response tests have proved suitable for the in-situ determination of thermal ground properties required for an optimised design. Moreover, different systems of energy wells are discussed, and a comprehensive pilot research project is described.
Ključne besede: energy wells, energy foundations, geothermal geotechnics, geothermal heating/cooling, thermo-active structures, thermal ground properties, field testing
Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.05.2018; Ogledov: 1086; Prenosov: 130
Celotno besedilo (4,24 MB)
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Opis: This paper presents the results of a research related to the impact of electric arc activation onto drive welding energy and metal weld heating speed. It is confirmed that ATIG and AMIG methods, depending on metal thickness, single pass weldability and chemical composition of activating flux, enable the reduction of welding energy by 2-6 times when compared to conventional welding methods. Additionally, these procedures create conditions to increase metal weld heating speed up to 1,500-5,500 °C/s-1. Steel which can be rapidly heated, allows for a hardened structure to form (with carbon content up to 0.4%), together with a released martensitic structure or a mixture of bainitic-martensitic structures. Results of the research of effectiveness of ATIG and AMIG welding showed that increase in the penetration capability of electric arc, which increases welding productivity, is the visible side of ATIG and AMIG welding capabilities.
Ključne besede: arc welding, active flux, penetration, heating speed, driving energy
Objavljeno v DKUM: 07.07.2017; Ogledov: 1290; Prenosov: 365
Celotno besedilo (592,40 KB)
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