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1.
Family members’ experiences of everyday caregiving for a family member living with Parkinson’s disease: a qualitative thematic analysis study
Zvonka Fekonja, Nadja Irgolič, Dominika Vrbnjak, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: Background: In the daily life of individuals living with Parkinson's disease, their loved ones are crucial. Adapting family members to the patient's condition, support in providing care, and psychosocial adaptations is essential. Aim: To explore family members' perception of everyday caregiving for a family member living with Parkinson's disease and to describe their role in the care and everyday life. Methods: In a descriptive, qualitative thematic analysis study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten people between the ages of 20 and 70, the closest family members of people living with Parkinson's disease. The analysis of the collected data was carried out using thematic analysis. Results: We generated the main theme: "Living with a family member with Parkinson's disease", with associated secondary-level sub-themes: "Response", "Change", "Care", and "Support". Family members of individuals living with Parkinson's disease frequently encounter similar life situations. The most notable transformation in their daily lives primarily revolves around adapting to various activities. Conclusions: Family members are the ones who most often take on the role of caregiver and provide help to their loved ones. Many of them accept the disease as a part of everyday life and learn to live with it. It is of fundamental importance that we offer family members the necessary support, knowledge, and involvement in holistic treatment and care.
Keywords: Caregivers, Parkinson’s Disease, Family, Patients, Experiences, Patient care
Published in DKUM: 15.09.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 12
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2.
Family and partnership
Danijela Lahe, Andrej Naterer, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph

Abstract: This chapter examines how the COVID-19 pandemic reshaped family relationships, partnerships, and youth well-being in Croatia and Slovenia. The findings reveal that family ties acted both as a protective buffer and a source of strain. Slovenian youth reported significant declines in satisfaction with family life and parent-child relationships, likely linked to strict lockdowns, economic pressures, and rising individualism. In contrast, Croatian youth demonstrated greater relational stability, reflecting strong familial norms and resilience reinforced during concurrent crises. Friendships weakened in both countries, particularly in Slovenia, while romantic partnerships proved comparatively stable, with evidence of accelerated cohabitation among Croatian youth. Across both contexts, mothers and family networks remained the dominant influence on young people's key decisions. Mental health, however, emerged as the most negatively affected domain. Policy implications stress the need for targeted family support, expanded youth mental health services, and programmes that rebuild peer connections and address evolving aspirations for family life.
Keywords: youth well-being, family relationships, partnerships, COVID-19, Croatia, Slovenia
Published in DKUM: 09.09.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 8
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3.
Support structures and intergenerational support during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Dunja Potočnik, Andrej Naterer, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph

Abstract: This chapter examines the role of formal and informal support structures in shaping the well-being and resilience of youth in Croatia and Slovenia. In both countries, families remain the most important support system, particularly mothers, who are consistently identified as central figures in providing emotional and practical assistance. While peers also play a crucial role, the pandemic disrupted these relationships and reduced opportunities for in-person interaction. Institutional support, such as educational and employment services, remains important but often perceived as inaccessible or poorly adapted to the actual needs of youth. At the same time, a low level of trust in political institutions and the welfare system was observed, particularly in Croatia, which reinforces reliance on familial networks. Digital platforms increasingly serve as alternatives for connection and advice, although they cannot replace interpersonal support. Policy implications stress the need to expand accessible, youth-centred services, including mental health care, career guidance, and community-based initiatives. Strengthening institutional trust and investing in participatory frameworks would help diversify support beyond families and foster more resilient pathways for young people's social integration and life transitions.
Keywords: youth support, family networks, institutional trust, mental health, Croatia and Slovenia
Published in DKUM: 09.09.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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4.
The reform of family mediation in Slovenia
Katja Drnovšek, Suzana Kraljić, 2025, original scientific article

Abstract: Slovenian experience with ADR, including mediation, is relatively recent, with the first courtaffiliated mediation program introduced in 2001 at the District Court in Ljubljana. The formal adoption of various legal instruments, most notably the Act on Mediation in Civil and Commercial Matters in 2008 and the Act on Alternative Dispute Resolution in Judicial Matters in 2010 represented a significant step forward in facilitating a wider access to mediation. However, it was only in 2019 that the new Family Code introduced further reforms of family mediation within the scope of a comprehensive reform of Slovenian family law. Among other notable developments, it newly defined family mediation, provided legal grounds for mediation conducted before and after court proceedings and responsible authorities, determined the rules on appointing mediators, as well as special rules for mediation conducted in family matters, and authorised the ministry responsible for family affairs with several supervisory and organisational tasks. The article analyses the new legal framework for family mediation, comparing it with court-affiliated procedures, and examines its success as demonstrated by the available statistical data.
Keywords: mediation in family matters, reform of family law, court-affiliated mediation, mediation at social work centres, child’s best interest in mediation procedures
Published in DKUM: 04.09.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 12
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5.
Slovenia : empowering families – legal instruments for supporting children, parents, and families amidst demographic challenges
Suzana Kraljić, 2024, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph

Abstract: Like other countries, the Republic of Slovenia also faces selected demographic challenges, which have significant impacts on the field of family law and family relationships. Rapid demographic changes require various measures by the authorities of the Republic of Slovenia (e.g., ministries, courts, social work centers, etc.), which provide appropriate solutions and adaptations to changing demographic structures (e.g., aging population, delayed childbirth, poverty). The author analyzes selected family law financial instruments through which the Republic of Slovenia supports families and their family members. These instruments and measures extend to many areas, which are common in their importance for the formation of the family itself (e.g., legal regulation in the field of reproductive health and assisted reproductive technologies). Likewise, instruments and measures supporting parenthood, families, and children are presented, whether from the perspective of education, healthcare, labor law, or social aspects. Changes perceived in family law in recent years are also analyzed, which have also contributed to significant demographic shifts and required legislative changes in the Republic of Slovenia (e.g., same-sex partnerships, joint adoption by same-sex partners, an increase in couples seeking medical assistance in conceiving a child). The author thus addresses and links contemporary demographic changes with measures aimed at strengthening families and addressing the diverse needs of children, parents, and families in the developing demographic context of the Republic of Slovenia. In doing so, the importance of holistic approaches addressing not only material needs but also emotional, social, and developmental aspects is emphasized, as only then can the strengthening of family and child welfare amidst the significant demographic challenges be ensured.
Keywords: demographic changes, family support instruments, child’s best interest, family and child protection, reproductive health, education, parenthood
Published in DKUM: 29.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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6.
Alternative (child)care – general remarks and observations regarding placement in institutional care
Suzana Kraljić, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: Alternative care is a protective measure for children unable to live with their parents due to various reasons such as neglect, abuse, or family instability. In Slovenia, alternative care is implemented when a child’s safety and well-being are compromised within their family environment. The preferred option is family-based care over institutional placement, in line with international trends towards deinstitutionalization. However, Slovenia faces challenges such as the decline in foster care availability, potentially leading to increased reliance on institutional care. Despite the efforts to promote family-based care, the need for institutional care may persist, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing a child’s best interests in either setting. Ensuring suitable conditions, including proper staffing, funding, and access to essential services such as education and healthcare, is crucial in both family-based and institutional alternative care. Regardless of the form of alternative care, the primary aim remains to offer children a supportive environment conducive to their growth and to protect their rights.
Keywords: family relations, temporary protective measure, best interest of the child, gatekeeping
Published in DKUM: 28.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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7.
Mental health and social trust : age and religiosity as moderators among young people in Croatia and Slovenia
Minea Rutar, Andrej Naterer, Miran Lavrič, 2025, original scientific article

Abstract: This study explored the moderating effects of age and religiosity on the relationship between social trust and mental health among young people aged 16–29 in Croatia (N = 1,177) and Slovenia (N = 1,227). Mental health was evaluated using two distinct measures: the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-9). Social trust was assessed as trust in close family members and generalised trust. Religiosity was measured by religious service attendance, the importance of God in daily life, and support received from religious organisations. The findings indicate that age moderates the relationship between trust in close family members and BAT in both countries, and the relationship between trust in close family and DASS in Croatia. In terms of religiosity, all three dimensions significantly moderated the relationship between generalised trust and DASS in Croatia, while only one of them did so when BAT was used as the dependent variable. No significant moderation effects of religiosity were found in Slovenia. In summary, the results suggest that the negative psychological impact of low social trust can be mitigated through various mechanisms. The moderating effect of age implies that psychosocial maturation during adolescence may buffer the impact of low trust in close family on mental health. Religiosity, on the other hand, may act as an emotional substitute for generalised trust, especially in highly religious contexts. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of the chosen mental health indicator, as moderating effects varied depending on whether BAT or DASS-9 was applied.
Keywords: generalized trust, trust in family members, mental health, emerging adulthood, religiosity
Published in DKUM: 27.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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8.
Considering family trees as a useful tool in family medicine : a systematic review
Ksenija Tušek-Bunc, Alem Maksuti, Danica Rotar-Pavlič, 2025, review article

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic literature review of the purpose, design, and use of family trees by family physicians (FPs). Background: Family trees offer a valuable contribution to understanding the relevance of the patient's family history in comprehensive primary healthcare provision. There is little research on the role of family trees in the everyday practice of FPs. Studies often focus on specific diseases and their context: however, a comprehensive exploration of the usefulness of family trees is crucial for FPs. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted through a keyword search in the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria selected, 24 studies were identified and a qualitative analysis was performed. Findings: A total of 369 publications were identified across 32 fields. Twenty-four studies were included in the final analysis according to the QUOROM statement. The results underscore the role of family trees and highlight the value of this tool's multidimensionality. The use of this tool directs FPs to consider a genetic cause and a possible referral to a geneticist. The value of a family tree lies in the personalized patient-oriented treatment in connection with hereditary risks for chronic diseases. For FPs, the greatest challenge in treating patients is determining their risk of developing a chronic disease or cancer. Using a family tree can improve the quality of their healthcare.
Keywords: family history, family medicine, family trees, systematic review
Published in DKUM: 22.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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9.
Best child care arrangements after separation of parents
Urška Kukovec, 2024, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph

Abstract: The child's right to contact is a strictly personal, non-inheritable, and non-transferable right that is tied to the child's closest family relationship. No one can be forced to carry out contact if they do not want to. Parents have the right and responsibility to maintain, educate, and raise their children. This right may be taken away or limited from the parents only for reasons established by law to protect the child's interests. The performance of parental duties must therefore be in the child´s best interests. Where it is not in the best interests of a child to maintain unsupervised contact with one of their parents the child does not live with, the possibility of supervised personal contact or other forms of contact with this parent shall be considered. Joint parenting is possible only in cases where both parents are unencumbered by their past parental relationship and are able to agree.
Keywords: family relationship, best interests of the child, contacts of the child, long term arrangements, joint parenting
Published in DKUM: 19.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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10.
Is it high time to redefine the legal framework on cohabitation in family law?
Nana Weber, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: Cohabitation is an institution of Slovenian family law quite similar in effect to marriage in that it creates the same rights and obligations. However, unlike marriage, its existence must be proved in each individual proceeding separately which creates difficulties, particularly in practice. This situation is exacerbated by the fact that the existence of cohabitation in the Slovenian Family Code is defined exclusively using rather vaguely defined legal standards. In this article, the author gives an overview of the current relevant case-law of Slovenian courts on cohabitation and discusses the possibilities for future legal regulation of the establishment of this community.
Keywords: cohabitation, family law, new regulation, case law, registration, notary
Published in DKUM: 13.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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