1. Optimizing digital image quality for improved skin cancer detectionBogdan Dugonik, Marjan Golob, Marko Marhl, Aleksandra Vučinič Dugonik, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The rising incidence of skin cancer, particularly melanoma, underscores the need for improved diagnostic tools in dermatology. Accurate imaging plays a crucial role in early detection, yet challenges related to color accuracy, image distortion, and resolution persist, leading to diagnostic errors. This study addresses these issues by evaluating color reproduction accuracy across various imaging devices and lighting conditions. Using a ColorChecker test chart, color deviations were measured through Euclidean distances (∆E*, ∆C*), and nonlinear color differences (∆E00, ∆C00), while the color rendering index (CRI) and television lighting consistency index (TLCI) were used to evaluate the influence of light sources on image accuracy. Significant color discrepancies were identified among mobile phones, DSLRs, and mirrorless cameras, with inadequate dermatoscope lighting systems contributing to further inaccuracies. We demonstrate practical applications, including manual camera adjustments, grayscale reference cards, post-processing techniques, and optimized lighting conditions, to improve color accuracy. This study provides applicable solutions for enhancing color accuracy in dermatological imaging, emphasizing the need for standardized calibration techniques and imaging protocols to improve diagnostic reliability, support AI-assisted skin cancer detection, and contribute to high-quality image databases for clinical and automated analysis.
Ključne besede: dermoscopy, melanoma, color analysis, color error, spectral power distribution, grey card, digital imaging standards
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 4
 Celotno besedilo (5,63 MB) |
2. Evaluation of measurement uncertainty contributions in ring gauge calibrationBojan Ačko, Jasna Tompa, Rok Klobučar, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Measurements are of paramount importance in industry and other areas of importance to society. They are used to determine the characteristics of processes and products, to control and regulate processes, to decide on the acceptable quality of products, etc. To ensure the quality of measurements, we have to calibrate measuring devices regularly. In our laboratory – the holder of the national length standard, we mainly calibrate high-precision standards from accredited laboratories. As the demands on the accuracy of measurements are constantly increasing, we are also forced to continuously improve the accuracy of our calibration procedures. This article presents the development of methods for calibrating the diameter of ring gauges, which represent an important standard for calibrating measuring instruments for measuring internal dimensions. The main objective of this development is to reduce the measurement uncertainty based on a scientific investigation of all influencing parameters. The presented study focuses in particular on the control and reduction of the influence of geometric anomalies of the calibrated rings on the measurement uncertainty during calibration.
Ključne besede: measurement traceability, calibration, measurement uncertainty, error simulation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.03.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 7
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3. Sensitivity analysis of MTPA control to angle errors for synchronous reluctance machinesMartin Petrun, Jernej Černelič, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This study investigated the sensitivity of maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control in synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs) to angle errors, examining specifically how deviations in the reference control trajectory affected performance. Analytical and numerical methods were employed to analyze this sensitivity systematically, including the impact of magnetic saturation. Two MTPA control implementation schemes were evaluated, with torque and current amplitude as the reference variables, using a template SynRM from the open-source simulation tool SyR-e. The results indicated that performance sensitivity to angle errors was moderately low near the MTPA trajectory, allowing for significant angle deviations with minimal performance loss. Although magnetic saturation increased this sensitivity slightly, reducing the allowable error range by up to 25%, the maximum angle deviation for up to 1% of the performance decrease still corresponded to approximately ±3∘ around the MTPA trajectory. The findings of this study suggest potential for simplifying control implementations, reducing component costs through less precise position determination (sensor-based or sensorless), and achieving additional control objectives such as torque ripple reduction.
Ključne besede: control angle error, finite element method, MTPA control, sensitivity to performance decrease, suboptimal operation, synchronous reluctance machines
Objavljeno v DKUM: 07.02.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 9
Celotno besedilo (1,46 MB) |
4. Mixed-field radiation of 3-D MLC flash memories for space applicationsLorenzo Gonzales, Salvatore Danzeca, Salvatore Fiore, Iztok Kramberger, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This article presents the results of dynamic measurements of 3-D multilevel cell (MLC) NAND flash memories in a mixed-field radiation facility CERN High-energy AcceleRator Mixed field/facility (CHARM), CERN. The results show that the behavior of devices is comparable to tests with specific high energy particles, such as high energy protons, heavy ions, and to TID tests. The observed TID and single-event effects (SEEs) in flash memories from the existing relevant work are also observed in mixed field, making the environment suitable for an accelerated system level test. As the CHARM hadron energy spectrum is comparable to the low Earth orbit (LEO) environment, the facility is appropriate as an accelerated test for space applications. Furthermore, the volumetric characteristics of the devices can be observed in this 3-D radiation facility. Additionally, bad bit (BB) spread was observed, and the necessary radiation induced errors in NAND devices are discussed.
Ključne besede: bit error rate, flkash memories, memory controller, mixed field facility, multilevel cell, MLC, radiation hardness, single-event upsets, SEUs, space applications, total ionizing dose
Objavljeno v DKUM: 03.02.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 13
Celotno besedilo (9,44 MB) |
5. Sequence-to-Sequence models and their evaluation for spoken language normalization of SlovenianMirjam Sepesy Maučec, Darinka Verdonik, Gregor Donaj, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Sequence-to-sequence models have been applied to many challenging problems, including
those in text and speech technologies. Normalization is one of them. It refers to transforming
non-standard language forms into their standard counterparts. Non-standard language forms
come from different written and spoken sources. This paper deals with one such source, namely
speech from the less-resourced highly inflected Slovenian language. The paper explores speech
corpora recently collected in public and private environments. We analyze the efficiencies of three
sequence-to-sequence models for automatic normalization from literal transcriptions to standard
forms. Experiments were performed using words, subwords, and characters as basic units for
normalization. In the article, we demonstrate that the superiority of the approach is linked to the
choice of the basic modeling unit. Statistical models prefer words, while neural network-based
models prefer characters. The experimental results show that the best results are obtained with
neural architectures based on characters. Long short-term memory and transformer architectures
gave comparable results. We also present a novel analysis tool, which we use for in-depth error
analysis of results obtained by character-based models. This analysis showed that systems with
similar overall results can differ in the performance for different types of errors. Errors obtained with
the transformer architecture are easier to correct in the post-editing process. This is an important
insight, as creating speech corpora is a time-consuming and costly process. The analysis tool also
incorporates two statistical significance tests: approximate randomization and bootstrap resampling.
Both statistical tests confirm the improved results of neural network-based models compared to
statistical ones.
Ključne besede: low-resource language, applications, spoken language, normalization, character unit, subword unit, statistical model, long short-term memory, transformer, error analysis
Objavljeno v DKUM: 31.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 8
Celotno besedilo (437,99 KB)
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6. Analysing picking errors in vision picking systemsEla Vidovič, Brigita Gajšek, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Vision picking empowers users with access to real-time digital order information, while freeing them from handheld radio frequency devices. The smart glasses, as an example of vision picking enabler, provide visual and voice cues to guide order pickers. The glasses mostly also have installed navigation features that can sense the order picker's position in the warehouse. This paper explores picking errors in vision systems with literature review and experimental work in laboratory environment. The results show the effectiveness of applying vision picking systems for the purposes of active error prevention, when they are compared to established methods, such as paper-picking and using cart mounted displays. A serious competitor to vision picking systems are pick-to-light systems. The strong advantage of vision picking system is that most of the errors are detected early in the process and not at the customer's site. The cost of fixing the error is thus minimal. Most errors consequently directly influence order picker's productivity in negative sense. Nonetheless, the distinctive feature of the system is extremely efficient error detection.
Ključne besede: order picking, storage operations, warehousing, smart glasses, error prevention, inventory management, intralogistics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 22.08.2024; Ogledov: 83; Prenosov: 5
Celotno besedilo (672,66 KB)
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7. On parsing programming languages with Turing-complete parserBoštjan Slivnik, Marjan Mernik, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A new parsing method based on the semi-Thue system is described. Similar to, but with more efficient implementation than Markov normal algorithms, it can be used for parsing any recursively enumerable language. Despite its computational power, it is meant to be used primarily for parsing programming and domain-specific languages. It enables a straightforward simulation of a number of existing parsing algorithms based on context-free grammars. The list includes both top-down shift-produce methods (such as SLL and LL) and bottom-up shift-reduce methods (such as LALR and LR), as well as mixed top-down-and-bottom-up methods such as LLLR. To justify the use of the new parsing method, the paper provides numerous examples of how a parser can actually be made in practice. It is advised that the main part of the parser is based on some simple well-established approach, e.g., SLL(1), while syntactically more complicated phrases can be parsed by exploiting the full power of the new parser. These phrases may either be extensions to the original language or some embedded domain-specific language. In all such and similar cases, no part of the language is restricted to be context-free. In fact, context-sensitive languages can be handled quite efficiently.
Ključne besede: Turing-complete parsing, context-sensitive, error recovery
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.02.2024; Ogledov: 325; Prenosov: 26
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8. Analysis and improvements of the mechanisms for cross-border interchange and activation of the regulating reserves : doctoral dissertationMarcel Topler, 2022, doktorska disertacija Opis: This Doctoral Thesis deals with the mechanisms for cross-border interchange and activation of the regulating reserves (RRs), i.e., Imbalance Netting Process (INP) and Cross-Border Activation of the RRs (CBRR), between participating Control Areas (CAs), to reduce the costs of balancing energy.
The main objective of INP is to interchange the RRs between participating CAs with opposite signs of interchange power variation. In comparison, the main objective of CBRR is to activate the RRs in participating CAs with the same signs of interchange power variation. Both the INP and CBRR aim to release the RRs and reduce balancing energy as part of the power system's safe operation.
The Thesis's main objective is to analyze the impact of the mechanisms for cross-border interchange and activation of the RRs on mutual oscillations of participating CAs and stability for small disturbances. The Thesis's secondary objective is to analyze the impact of the INP and CBRR on frequency quality, on the provision of Load-Frequency Control (LFC), on balancing energy and unintended exchange of energies between participating CAs.
Frequency quality in Continental Europe (CE) has been declining in recent years, so it is important that the mechanisms for cross-border interchange and activation of the RRs do not further impair its quality.
Both the classic INP and CBRR include a frequency-dependent contribution and, therefore, inherently affect the frequency response of the participating CAs, which is not discussed in the literature. Thus, the impact of the classic INP and CBRR on frequency quality and the provision of LFC is thoroughly evaluated with dynamic simulations of a three-CA test system and eigenvalue analysis of a two-CA system. It is demonstrated that both the classic INP and CBRR reduce the damping of the entire power system.
Therefore, a modified implementation of the classic INP and CBRR is presented, and improved INP and CBRR are proposed, which have no impact on the mutual oscillations of participating CAs and stability for small disturbances.
Furthermore, the dynamic simulations results confirm that the frequency quality can be improved by the classic INP and CBRR, although there are also cases where it can deteriorate. However, the improved INP and CBRR generally improve the frequency quality in all cases. The improved INP and CBRR also enhance the provision of LFC compared to the classic INP and CBRR. Moreover, the improved INP and CBRR reduce the unintended exchange of energies, thus increasing the economic effects of the INP's and CBRR's activation.
The improved INP increases energy exchange, therefore positive economic benefits can be expected in comparison to the system with the classic INP.
However, the improved CBRR reduces energy exchange, therefore positive economic benefits can be expected in comparison to the system with the classic CBRR, since energy exchange is paid by CA via bidding process.
Ključne besede: load-frequency control, imbalance netting, cross-border activation, balancing
energy, regulating reserves, eigenvalue analysis, performance indicators, area control error, rate of change of frequency, control area
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.03.2023; Ogledov: 594; Prenosov: 120
Celotno besedilo (14,64 MB) |
9. The Influence of Styrian and Upper Carniola Dialects on the Pronunciation of English of Slovene StudentsDominika Podvratnik, 2018, magistrsko delo Opis: The master’s thesis considers the influence of Styrian and Upper Carniola dialect on the pronunciation of English of Slovene students. Various factors influence the Slovene students’ pronunciation of English. The influence of mother tongue on the Slovene students’ pronunciation of English has been firmly established. However, it is only logical to think that dialect also has an important influence on the Slovene students’ pronunciation of English. The purpose of the research is to determine the influence of Styrian dialect and Upper Carniola dialect on the pronunciation of English of Slovene students. The master’s thesis strengthens the evidence for dialect influence, observes the extent of dialect influence in both dialect areas, determines in which area the dialect influence on the pronunciation of English is more visible and identifies the reasons for such influence. The research employs various research methods. Contrastive analysis is used to compare the sound systems of Upper Carniola and Styrian dialect with the sound system of British English. Based on the findings of the contrastive analysis words are chosen and organised in a test which is used for obtaining samples for analysis. Fieldwork is then carried out. Auditory analysis of samples includes listening to audio material and producing phonemic transcriptions, which concludes with statistical analysis of data. The results show that both Upper Carniola and Styrian dialect significantly influence the pronunciation of English of Slovene students. Dialect influence is slightly more prevalent in the Styrian dialect region, especially in the case of RP English /e/ and /ʊ/. Slovene students of English speak interlanguage and their interphonology rules mostly stem from English phonological rules.
Ključne besede: Upper Carniola dialect, Styrian dialect, contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.10.2018; Ogledov: 1431; Prenosov: 163
Celotno besedilo (1,06 MB) |
10. Medical error - should it be a criminal offence?Miha Šepec, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Medicine is a risky profession where medical professionals have a duty to do anything in their power to help their patients. However, what if a doctor makes a grievous mistake that leads to the death but could have been avoided? Are moral responsibility and apology to patients´ family enough? Should we impose sanctions (civil or criminal) on the doctor who negligently caused the patients´ death? To answer this questions, we present arguments against criminalisation of medical error, where the strongest arguments are uncertainty of medical standards, counterproductive criminalisation seen in defensive medicine, using criminal law as the last resort, and the argument of doctor´s immunity. On the other hand, arguments for criminalisation are obvious negligent treatment with serious consequences, general prevention of future negligent conduct, sanitation of a medical system gone wrong, and the argument of privileged criminal offence. Our conclusion is that criminal law repression of medical malpractice or medical error is justified, however only in the most obvious cases of undisputed negligence or carelessness of a doctor, where his inappropriate conduct has led to a serious deterioration of health of a patient, which could have easily been avoided, if a doctor respected the practice and rules of medical science and profession.
Ključne besede: medical error, criminal law, criminal offence, medical malpractice, doctor, medical professional, negligent treatment
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.10.2018; Ogledov: 49056; Prenosov: 269
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