1. Leadership styles and generational differences in manufacturing and service organizationsNadia Molek, Mirko Markič, Dušan Janežič, Magda Lužar, Franc Brcar, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine generational differences and leadership style preferences in service and manufacturing organizations in south-eastern (SE) Slovenia. The focus was on preferred leadership approaches and generational differences. Methods: Quantitative research was conducted using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) to collect data on a sample of 208 employees in manufacturing and service organizations in SE Slovenia. The questionnaire was distributed online and responses were analysed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilk test, and the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: The results showed that the transformational leadership style was most preferred by the respondents, followed by the transactional and the least preferred was the laissez-faire style. A significant generational difference was found in the preference for the transactional leadership style, with Baby Boomers showing the highest preference and Generation Z the lowest. Conclusion: Although the study was limited to SE Slovenia and generalizability is limited, the results suggest that organizations should provide leadership training adapted to generational preferences to promote effective leadership. Future research should consider longitudinal and sector-specific studies, as well as the inclusion of variables such as cultural background and organizational culture. Ključne besede: management, generational cohort, leadership style, leadership, employees, organization Objavljeno v DKUM: 07.10.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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2. Addressing socio-economic drivers of management style evolution : embracing complexity leadership solutionsAna Nešić Tomašević, Aleksandra Sitarevič, Mirko Marković, Olga Ivetić, Maja Meško, Fayyaz Hussain Qureshi, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: The information age has ushered in a novel economic model known as the information
economy, challenging traditional bureaucratic mechanisms that were primarily seen as tools to mitigate
uncertainty. Within this context, complex leadership emerges as a paradigm that thrives on systemic
interactions and intricate dynamics. Here, the onus lies on establishing the framework and conditions that
empower the adaptive essence of leadership to flourish.
Purpose: The aim of this research is to establish a framework for optimal leadership management,
uncovering previously unexplored factors shaping employee work behavior. By identifying and defining key
components within management mechanisms that greatly enhance employee performance, the objective is to
cultivate rooted and effective management practices.
Study design/methodology/approach: The research involved 480 respondents from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds and companies. Complexity leadership was assessed using the Complexity
Leadership Scale, measuring Generative and Administrative leadership. Employee cooperation was evaluated
with the Scala Supportive and Non-Controlling Supervision. Statistical methods included multiple regression,
Pearson correlation, t-tests, and MANOVA.
Findings/conclusions: The evaluation shows that both Generative and Administrative leadership are
moderately expressed. Generative leadership positively correlates with Supportive and Non-Controlling
Supervision, achieving statistically significant results. In contrast, Administrative leadership has negative
correlations with these supervisory styles.
Limitations/future research: The limitations of the research are of a methodological nature and refer to the
sample of employees, according to demographic characteristics and company characteristics. Also,
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STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, Vol. xx (20xx), No. x, pp. 0xx-0xx
questionnaires based on self-assessment most often imply a certain number of socially desirable answers.
Future research should include a larger sample to improve external validity and ensure that the empirical
evidence obtained is variable across a range of organizational settings. Ključne besede: leadership, complexity, employees, organizations, socio-economic drivers Objavljeno v DKUM: 29.08.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
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3. New approach of modeling influential factors of safety climate in industrial companies with a predominantly female labor forceVioleta Stefanović, Milijić Nenad, Snežana Urošević, Ivana Mladenovic, Bruno Završnik, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The research in this paper aims to develop an original model of the influencing factors of thesafety climate in industrial processes, as an important element of organizational development. Theset of collected data was analyzed by using statistical tool software packages SPSS 21.0 and LISREL8.80, based on testing a sample of 843 employees of industrial organizations with a predominantlyfemale labore force, in the Republic of Serbia, on the territory of Jablanica District. It was determinedthat the factors of the working conditions (WC), as well as attitude of employee towards the workingconditions (AE), can be indicators of the impact of employee safety. The developed model is apractical, acceptable and applicable solution that can bring positive changes in practice, regardingoccupational safety and health (OSH). Ključne besede: factors of the working conditions, industrial companies, occupational safety, modeling, attitude of employees Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.07.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 4
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4. Artificial intelligence in employee learning process : insights from Generation ZBranka Zolak Poljašević, Simona Šarotar Žižek, Ana Marija Gričnik, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Artificial intelligence, as a field of computer science focused on
developing technologies that simulate intelligent behaviours and
human cognitive functions, undoubtedly has huge potential to
transform all business activities, including the process of employee
learning. However, different generations have varying attitudes toward
the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing possibilities
offered by artificial intelligence. The general purpose of this research
is to gain insights into the attitudes of Generation Z regarding the use
of AI in the context of the employee learning process. Empirical
research was conducted on a sample of 264 respondents from Slovenia
and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to descriptive statistics,
Cronbach's alpha, Shapiro-Wilk, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to
test hypotheses. Generally, the research findings indicate that the
upcoming generation of the workforce considers artificial intelligence
a significant factor in improving the employee learning process. The
study contributes to human resource management literature because it
brings new insights into Generation Z attitudes, whose participation in
the active workforce will significantly increase in the coming years. Ključne besede: learning process, Artificial Intelligence, employees, generation Z, sociodemographic characteristic Objavljeno v DKUM: 27.05.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 11
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5. Correlation of trust and work engagement : a modern organizational approachAna Nešić, Slavica Mitrović Veljković, Maja Meško, Tine Bertoncel, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In modern organizations, in which changes are happening faster and more unpredictably, employees are gaining a more complex role and increasing importance. New approaches to employee insight, based on the heavy work investment concept (HWI), bring together different theoretical and practical approaches that attempt to explain the causes and consequences of certain organizational behaviors. The fundamental issue is determining whether engagement and trust, remain two of the critical factors of an organizations success, or are their roles in effectively organized systems significantly changed or reduced. This research aims to establish a correlation between trust and work engagement in on 787 respondents from 16 organizations in Serbia. Trust in organizations is measured through the dimensions of benevolence, integrity, competence and predictability. Engagement of employees is measured through the dimensions of energy, dedication and absorption. The results showed a significant correlation between dimensions of trust: benevolence/integrity and competence, with all work engagement dimensions. The strongest correlation is established between the trust dimension of benevolence/integrity and the work engagement dimension - energy. The significance of the research is reflected in the elucidation of behavioral factors of employees in organizations burdened with transitional changes. Ključne besede: work engagement, trust, organization, HWI concept, employees, Serbia Objavljeno v DKUM: 30.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 10
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6. The appropriate work environment for older employees : the case of SloveniaMaja Rožman, Vesna Čančer, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: The increase in population life expectancy in developed economies is also reflected in the aging of the workforce; therefore, enterprises should create an appropriate work environment for all employees, emphasizing the older ones.
Objectives: The major objectives of this paper are to establish the impact of appropriate working conditions and training programs for older employees on their work motivation, as well as to establish the latter’s impact on the older employees’ work engagement in Slovenian medium-sized and large enterprises.
Methods/Approach: Structural equation modeling explored the links between four constructs – appropriate working conditions, training programs, work motivation, and work engagement.
Results: In Slovenian enterprises, appropriate working conditions and training programs for older employees positively impact their work motivation. Moreover, the work motivation of older employees positively impacts their work engagement.
Conclusions: These findings can be useful for employers or managers for developing targeted employee motivation and employee engagement programs to leverage the talents and dedication of older employees. Ključne besede: appropriate work environment, older employees, enterprises, structural equation modeling Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.12.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 12
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7. Gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement and work efficiency of employees during the COVID-19 pandemic : the case in SloveniaMaja Rožman, Simona Sternad Zabukovšek, Samo Bobek, Polona Tominc, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant lockdown has caused massive economic disruption, leading businesses to make a rapid transition and take a new approach to business strategy. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to examine if there are statistically significant gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency among employees who work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, the paper aims to identify the importance of individual dimensions of work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency, and gender differences perspective. The research is based on a survey of 785 employees in Slovenian companies. The factor analysis and the t-test for two independent samples were used to test the research hypotheses. Findings: The results show significant gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency among employees who work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper provides change management insights and recommendations to assist companies in minimizing the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their employees. Ključne besede: work satisfaction, work engagement, work efficiency, employees, COVID-19 Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 12
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8. Healthy and entrepreneurial work environment for older employees and its impact on work engagement during the COVID-19 pandemicMaja Rožman, Polona Tominc, Katja Crnogaj, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Managing older employees is a major challenge for companies, especially during COVID-19. Therefore, creating a healthy and entrepreneurial work environment as well as an inclusive culture within organizations is crucial for companies to maintain their sustainable advantage. The main objective of this paper is to develop a multidimensional model of a healthy and entrepreneurial work environment for older employees and determine its impact on their work engagement during COVID-19. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The results show that workplace health promotion, entrepreneurial working conditions, and leadership lead to better well-being of older employees. In addition, entrepreneurial working conditions that promote intergenerational synergy lead to higher work engagement of older employees, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. For the elderly, the entrepreneurial work environment is therefore particularly important, even though entrepreneurship is mostly attributed to younger men. In addition, older employees’ well-being and the promotion of intergenerational synergy have a positive impact on their work engagement. The results will help companies better manage their older employees, shape their workplace, and increase the sustainable benefits of their businesses during and after the COVID-19 crisis. Ključne besede: older employees, health promotion, entrepreneurial work environment, business competitiveness, COVID-19 pandemic Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.07.2024; Ogledov: 123; Prenosov: 17
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9. Integrating artificial intelligence into a talent management model to increase the work engagement and performance of enterprisesMaja Rožman, Dijana Oreški, Polona Tominc, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The purpose of the paper is to create a multidimensional talent management model with embedded aspects of artificial intelligence in the human resource processes to increase employees' engagement and performance of the enterprise. The research was implemented on a sample of 317 managers/owners in Slovenian enterprises. Multidimensional constructs of the model include several aspects of artificial intelligence implementation in the organization's activities related to human resource management in the field of talent management, especially in the process of acquiring and retaining talented employees, appropriate training and development of employees, organizational culture, leadership, and reducing the workload of employees, employee engagement and performance of the enterprise. The results show that AI supported acquiring and retaining a talented employees, AI supported appropriate training and development of employees, appropriate teams, AI supported organizational culture, AI supported leadership, reducing the workload of employees with AI have a positive effect on performance of the enterprise and employee engagement. The results will help managers or owners create a successful work environment by implementing artificial intelligence in the enterprise, leading to increased employee engagement and performance of the enterprise. Namely, our results contribute to the efficient implementation of artificial intelligence into an enterprise and give owners or top managers a broad insight into the various aspects that must be taken into account in business management in order to increase employee engagement and enterprise’s competitive advantage. Ključne besede: artificial intelligence, talent management, employees, employee engagement, performance of the company Objavljeno v DKUM: 03.07.2024; Ogledov: 128; Prenosov: 18
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10. The importance of intergenerational leadership praxes and availability of key information for older employee burnout and engagement in the context of firm sizeMaja Rožman, Borut Milfelner, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The main aim of this study was to analyze the effects of availability of key information and intergenerational leadership on burnout divided into physical symptoms of burnout and emotional symptoms of burnout and work engagement regarding the firm size during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The empirical study included 583 older employees in Slovenia who participated in the survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the effects between constructs. We analyzed structural paths for the entire sample and for the two groups (small and large companies). According to the results concerning both groups, the impact of the availability of key information on emotional burnout is negative only for small companies. Contrary to that the negative impact of intergenerational leadership on emotional burnout is much stronger in large companies. Concerning the impact of physical burnout on emotional burnout, the positive impact of physical burnout exists in both types of companies but is stronger in small companies. The findings will contribute to a clearer picture and the adoption of further measures to prevent burnout in the workplace and increase work engagement concerning the firm size, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ključne besede: leadership, burnout, work engagement, older employees, firm size, quality Objavljeno v DKUM: 03.07.2024; Ogledov: 124; Prenosov: 10
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