1. Comparison of emissions depending on the type of vehicle engineVladimír Rievaj, Ján Gaňa, František Synák, 2019, original scientific article Abstract: Road transport is showing growth in the period of globalization. Its task is to transport cargo as well as people to the required location within the shortest possible time and at the lowest price. Thus, road transport plays a crucial role in enabling the globalization to be developed and improved. However, the internal combustion engine hat prevail among the vehicles of freight and passenger transport are the producers of gaseous emissions from the exhaust gases. Many developed countries of the world has committed themselves, inter alia also trough the Paris Agreement, to reduce global warming, and thus to reduce the production of harmful gaseous emissions. The result is the endeavour to replace the internal combustion engine vehicles that burn carbon fuels with the vehicles powered by electric motors consuming electric energy. The reason of such trying claims that road transport using the internal combustion engine vehicles is environmentally aggressive, and the problem would not be solved by implementation of the vehicles with electric motors. Such claim is based on the fact that an electric car does not produce any of primary emissions. From an overall perspective, it is also necessary to take into account secondary emissions that are produced during the electric energy production by which is the vehicle with electric motor powered. The purpose of this article is to assume the possibility of reducing global pollution by replacing the internal combustion engine vehicles with the vehicles powered by electric motors in dependence with producing the emissions during the production of electric energy.
Keywords: electric energy, emissions, electric vehicle, internal combustion engine, global pollution
Published in DKUM: 22.08.2024; Views: 43; Downloads: 4
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2. Electric vehicle charging stations coverage : a study of SloveniaKlemen Prah, Mark Kmetec, Matjaž Knez, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: To promote the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), it is of great importance to plan and construct charging stations rationally. In this sense, the state of Slovenia's charging station coverage was analysed. Using discrete and network geographic information system (GIS) models, with ArcGIS software, the density of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs), geographic distribution, nearness along a street network, and clustering analyses were performed. A survey conducted among Slovenian users of EVs supported the GIS analysis. It was found out that the distribution of EVCSs has an east-northeast to west-southwest directional trend. Only 13% of EVCSs are accessible from the nearest motorway at a distance of 500 meters or less. An insight into intrinsic clustering structure revealed 11 clusters of EVCSs from which the most distinct is the cluster on the area of Ljubljana. The scientific contribution of the research is in the integration of GIS, spatial analysis and the results of a survey to study the coverage of EVCSs in a certain region. Spatial analyses are carefully selected, and, in complementarity, give a comprehensive picture of EVCSs coverage. The research is important for further spatial planning of EVCSs.
Keywords: electric vehicles, electric vehicle charging stations, spatial analysis, geographic information systems, GIS, logistics, Slovenia
Published in DKUM: 02.07.2024; Views: 107; Downloads: 7
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3. 1D battery electric vehicle thermal management system calibration and simulation based on measurements : magistrsko deloManja Umbreht, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Electric vehicles are developing at an increased rate due to electrification trends and are trying to achieve the comfort level of existing vehicles with internal combustion engines. In this thesis, we considered a battery electric vehicle, with which measurements were carried out. We created a complete vehicle model in GT Suite software based on available measurements and vehicle data. The model was used to simulate measured test cases. We described the calibration procedure of standalone models and the assembly of a complete thermal model of the entire vehicle. At the end we compared three simulated test cases with vehicle measurements. We concluded that the developed vehicle simulation model behavior fits well to the measured vehicle.
Keywords: 1D CFD, VTMS, energy consumption, measurements, battery electric vehicle
Published in DKUM: 22.04.2024; Views: 203; Downloads: 0
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4. A Survey on the State-of-the-Art and Future Trends of Multilevel Inverters in BEVsAlenka Hren, Mitja Truntič, Franc Mihalič, 2023, review article Abstract: All electric vehicles are the only way to decarbonize transport quickly and substantially. Although multilevel inverters have already been used in some transportation modes, they are rarely used in road transportation, especially in light-duty passenger BEVs. With the transition to a high 800-V DC link to extend the driving range and enable extreme fast charging, the possibility of using multilevel inverters in commercial light-duty passenger BEVs becomes feasible. Higher efficiency, higher power density, better waveform quality, lower switching frequency, the possibility of using low-rated switches, and inherent fault tolerance are known advantages of multilevel inverters that make them an efficient option for replacing 2-level inverters in high DC link passenger BEVs. This paper discusses high DC link voltage benefits in light-duty passenger BEVs, presents the state-of-the-art of different conventional multilevel inverter topologies used in BEVs, and compares them with conventional 2-level inverters from different aspects and limitations. Based on commercial upper-class passengers’ BEV data and a review of multilevel inverters on the market, future trends and possible research areas are identified.
Keywords: multilevel inverters, MLI, electric vehicle, EV, passengers’ battery electric vehicle, BEV, extreme fast charging, XFC, higher voltage batteries, WBG semiconductors
Published in DKUM: 26.03.2024; Views: 273; Downloads: 20
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5. Sensitivity Analysis of Hybrid Powertrain Pre-calibration Algorithms : magistrsko deloSimon Šegula, 2023, master's thesis Abstract: Currently, meeting the new fuel consumption and emissions standards is the biggest challenge in the automotive industry. One of the solutions is hybridization of the vehicle’s powertrain. This brings with it larger complexity of the vehicle control unit and its pre-calibration. This thesis explores gear shift map and load point shift map, which are two pre-calibration maps included in the vehicle control unit. More specifically it delves in to how the pre-calibration maps are created and how changing their parameters impacts the fuel consumption of the vehicle. Algorithms and optimization simulations were created and performed using AVL’s tool called the Powertrain system optimizer (PSO) which was created within the MATLAB software.
Keywords: Hybrid electric vehicle, Hybrid powertrain, Gear shift map, Load point shift map, Pre-calibration.
Published in DKUM: 23.11.2023; Views: 393; Downloads: 0 |
6. Measurements of the characteristics of an electric motor for an electric vehicle's driveKlemen Srpčič, Gregor Srpčič, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: This paper aims to present the performance and measurement results of a load test performed on a brushless DC motor built into the wheel of a solar-powered vehicle. A brushless DC motor's theoretical background and operation are presented at the beginning of the paper. The article covers the technical specification of the solar-powered vehicle and the inbuilt brushless DC motor. The measurements were performed with the described equipment at the Institute of Energy Technology, Faculty of Energy Technology, University of Maribor. Due to the unique design of the measured electric motor, it was also necessary to make a special housing, which was intended for connecting the electric motor to the test bench. The article concludes with an analysis of the measurement results in comparison with the data provided by the electric motor manufacturer.
Keywords: electric vehicles, electric motor, brushless DC motor, solar-powered vehicle
Published in DKUM: 13.11.2023; Views: 400; Downloads: 15
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7. The impact of plug-in hybrid vehicles in low-voltage distribution systems using a Monte Carlo simulationEvica Smilkoska, Vasko Zdraveski, Jovica Vuletić, Jordančo Angelov, Mirko Todorovski, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The growing presence and randomness of renewable-based Distributed Generation, such as solar, photovoltaic, and wind power, and heavy Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle loads in residential distribution grids result in both a higher degree of imbalance and a wide range of voltage fluctuations. When increasing the number of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles that are simultaneously charged, the additional unpredicted load may cause several problems to the current grid in terms of voltage deviations, thermal overloads, power losses, increased aging of transformers and lines, decreased quality of supply, and power outages. This paper proposes an approach that models Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles’ behaviour and performs power flow analysis on CIGRE low voltage benchmark grid to investigate the impact on the current distribution grid.
Keywords: plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, power quality, non-deterministic approach, voltage deviations, power losses, distribution systems
Published in DKUM: 11.10.2023; Views: 464; Downloads: 6
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8. Concept and design of electric car bodyMarko Sovič, 2012, undergraduate thesis Abstract: In this thesis, a concept multi-material body for an electric vehicle is presented. A selection criteria for materials is made with regard to component function, their traditional shape and the mode of load they have to carry. Initial component design is based on a vehicle reference model. Numerous component modifications are done in dependence on the chosen materials and their production processes. Special attention is payed to the electric vehicle's body structural changes that need to be performed due to the passenger and battery safety.
A program for distance simulation is made and used to evaluate cost changes, on a whole vehicle scale, when performing mass-reduction in a vehicle body. It has been proven that it is justified to use light materials.
Keywords: body-in-white, electric vehicle, material selection, Catia V5, distance simulation, cost analysis.
Published in DKUM: 07.03.2013; Views: 1834; Downloads: 192
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