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Abstract: Conversion of waste into products and energy has the potential to reduce CO2 emis-sion through implementation of a complete circular economy and utilisation of the hy-drogen effect technique. This study considers the novelties of the hydrogen effect tech-nique, which incorporates an upgraded input unit mathematical model. It includes real-simulated results obtained using an Aspen Plus & REG; simulator, and enlarged production. This technique is developed for optimal municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion, gas-ification, and reforming, presented as an upgraded input unit for syngas production, which can reduce CO2 emissions by 3 & BULL;106 kmol a-1. This approach is exemplified by utilizing existing methanol and dimethyl ether production processes from natural gas, as they can be achieved and exceeded using MSW with varying hydrogen amounts. The optimal upgraded methanol and dimethyl ether production processes can increase pro-duction by 47 % and 16 %, including only the upgraded input unit, as well as decrease the temperature in the product reactors by 30 & DEG;C.
Keywords: waste gasification, flue gas, syngas, hydrogen, circular economy, combustion
Published in DKUM: 13.02.2024; Views: 320; Downloads: 28
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Abstract: Wood-burning boilers are a popular source of heating in Slovenia. However, there has been much debate about the potential negative health effects associated with wood smoke in recent years. Wood smoke is increasingly seen as a significant component of airborne particulate matter (PM), especially in the context of the new sort time standard for fine particles in ambient air. Most organic substances will be burnt in the boilers during good combustion conditions with sufficient oxygen supply and high temperature. This study presents the influence of damaged tubular combustion chamber on smoke fine-particle emissions at small scale pellet burners. This research aims to reduce the particulate matter emissions of small scale pellet boilers and contribute to cleaner air.
Keywords: particulate matter, small scale pellet boilers, combustion chamber, fine particle emission, pellet burner
Published in DKUM: 13.11.2023; Views: 412; Downloads: 8
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Abstract: This article examines the implementation of CFD technology in the design of the industrial liquid fuel powered swirl flame burner. The coupling between the flow field and the combustion model is based on the eddy dissipation model. The choice of the LES (Large Eddy Simulation) turbulence model over standard RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) offers a possibility to improve the quality of the combustion-flow field interaction. The Wall Adapting Local Eddy-Viscosity (WALE) sub-grid model was used. The reaction chemistry is a simple infinitely fast one step global irreversible reaction. The computational model was setup with the Ansys-CFX software. Through the detailed measurements of industrial size burner, it was possible to determine the natural operational state of the burner according to the type of fuel used. For the inlet conditions, axial and radial velocity components were calculated from known physical characteristics of both the fuel and air input, with the initial tangential velocity of the fuel assumed as 18% of the initial axial fuel velocity. Different swirl number (S) values were studied. Addition of a surplus (in comparison to conventional flame stabilization) of tangential air velocity component (W), the rotational component increases itself with a considerably high magnitude, contributing to the overall flame stabilization. The level of S especially influences the turbulent energy, its dissipation rate and turbulent (Reynolds) stresses. In the case of high swirl number values (S > 0,65) it is possible to divide the flow field in three principle areas: mixing area (fuel-air), where exothermal reactions are taking place, central recirculation area and outer recirculation area, which primarily contains the flow of burnt flue gases. The described model was used to determine the flow and chemical behavior, whereas the liquid atomization was accounted for by LISA (Linear Instability Sheet Atomization) model incorporating also the cavitation within injection boundary condition. The boundary conditions were determined based on the data from the experimental hot water system. Depending on system requirements, especially with continuous physical processes as well as the results of experimental measurements, the paper reports on determination of the mixing field and its intensity in the turbulent flow, the description of heat release and interaction of turbulent flow field and chemical kinetics in the case of confined swirling flames.
Keywords: CFD, fluid dispersion, combustion, industrial burner, confined swirling flame, two-phase flow
Published in DKUM: 04.08.2017; Views: 1455; Downloads: 393
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Keywords: thermodynamics, combustion, diesel engine
Published in DKUM: 05.06.2012; Views: 2986; Downloads: 55
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Abstract: A mathematical model is presented for computing the chemical and thermophysical properties in the process of combustion of natural gas. To identify the parameters of state of combustion products, their composition hasto be known, which may be determined from chemical equilibrium. The computation is performed with the use of chemical potentials and statistical thermodynamics, featuring all important molecular contributions (translation, rotation, vibration, and intermolecular potential energy). A thermal equation of state with two virial terms is used. The real gas mixture is treated as consisting of four components: carbon dioxide, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and water. Virial coefficients are dependent on temperature and mole fractions of the real components. Mixed terms are taken into account. The caloric equation of state is based on statistical thermodynamics for an ideal gas. Corrections are made in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics and the thermal equation of state. As the whole computation is based on matrix algebra, increasing the number of components presents no problems. We tested our model in the high-pressure region (100 bar) and the low-pressure region (1 bar), in the temperature range 500 - 6000°K. Our model is compared with other analytical models presented in the literature and shows relatively good agreement. At the same time we tested the influence of real conditions on the chemical and thermophysical properties of combustion products.
Keywords: statistical thermodynamics, thermodynamical properties, combustion of natural gas, mathematical models, thermodynamic functions of state, equation of state, virial coefficients
Published in DKUM: 01.06.2012; Views: 2380; Downloads: 121
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