Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: This Doctoral Thesis deals with the mechanisms for cross-border interchange and activation of the regulating reserves (RRs), i.e., Imbalance Netting Process (INP) and Cross-Border Activation of the RRs (CBRR), between participating Control Areas (CAs), to reduce the costs of balancing energy. The main objective of INP is to interchange the RRs between participating CAs with opposite signs of interchange power variation. In comparison, the main objective of CBRR is to activate the RRs in participating CAs with the same signs of interchange power variation. Both the INP and CBRR aim to release the RRs and reduce balancing energy as part of the power system's safe operation. The Thesis's main objective is to analyze the impact of the mechanisms for cross-border interchange and activation of the RRs on mutual oscillations of participating CAs and stability for small disturbances. The Thesis's secondary objective is to analyze the impact of the INP and CBRR on frequency quality, on the provision of Load-Frequency Control (LFC), on balancing energy and unintended exchange of energies between participating CAs. Frequency quality in Continental Europe (CE) has been declining in recent years, so it is important that the mechanisms for cross-border interchange and activation of the RRs do not further impair its quality. Both the classic INP and CBRR include a frequency-dependent contribution and, therefore, inherently affect the frequency response of the participating CAs, which is not discussed in the literature. Thus, the impact of the classic INP and CBRR on frequency quality and the provision of LFC is thoroughly evaluated with dynamic simulations of a three-CA test system and eigenvalue analysis of a two-CA system. It is demonstrated that both the classic INP and CBRR reduce the damping of the entire power system. Therefore, a modified implementation of the classic INP and CBRR is presented, and improved INP and CBRR are proposed, which have no impact on the mutual oscillations of participating CAs and stability for small disturbances. Furthermore, the dynamic simulations results confirm that the frequency quality can be improved by the classic INP and CBRR, although there are also cases where it can deteriorate. However, the improved INP and CBRR generally improve the frequency quality in all cases. The improved INP and CBRR also enhance the provision of LFC compared to the classic INP and CBRR. Moreover, the improved INP and CBRR reduce the unintended exchange of energies, thus increasing the economic effects of the INP's and CBRR's activation. The improved INP increases energy exchange, therefore positive economic benefits can be expected in comparison to the system with the classic INP. However, the improved CBRR reduces energy exchange, therefore positive economic benefits can be expected in comparison to the system with the classic CBRR, since energy exchange is paid by CA via bidding process.
Ključne besede: load-frequency control, imbalance netting, cross-border activation, balancing energy, regulating reserves, eigenvalue analysis, performance indicators, area control error, rate of change of frequency, control area
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.03.2023; Ogledov: 594; Prenosov: 100
Celotno besedilo (14,64 MB)

Opis: Applying a systematic approach, this report addressess the main features of enfrocement titles in Italy. It focuses on judgments, court settlements and notarial deeds, scrutinizing their content, form and effects. It conveys theoretical insight into the subject matter as well as conclusions from relevant case law.
Ključne besede: enforcement title, cross-border enforcement, italy, EU law, civil procedure law
Objavljeno v DKUM: 20.12.2022; Ogledov: 501; Prenosov: 49
Celotno besedilo (5,82 MB)
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Opis: Despite the enormous practical relevance of court settlements, the Brussels Ia Regulation contains only a few explicit provisions for the cross-border enforcement of this legal instrument. This can cause difficulties in borderline cases, for example when it is doubtful whether the legal act in question is to be classified as a settlement or a judgment or which specific European regulation is applicable to a settlement containing several different claims. This paper provides a general overview of the rules for the enforcement of court settlements under the Brussels Ia Regulation and examines some problems that may specifically arise in the case of cross-border enforcement of court settlements.
Ključne besede: court settlement, Brussels Ia Regulation, cross-border enforcement, recognition, scope, judgment, certificate, exequatur
Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.01.2021; Ogledov: 798; Prenosov: 0

Opis: The need for cross-border reproductive medicine exists for several reasons. Some are due to the fact that some states do not permit particular ART procedures; thus couples travel to the state where needed procedure is allowed (surrogate motherhood, embryo donation, posthumous fertilization). Other situations are due to the fact of who is entitled to ART procedures. In some states ART procedures are not allowed to same-sex couples or a single woman. The consequence of the cross-border reproductive medicine might be that the born child becomes parentless (“limping legal parentage”) and stateless. Since the best interest of the child is the paramount principle in contemporary family law, it is most important to find solutions for these situations. The most complicated issues are the consequences arising from international surrogacy arrangements. The Hague Conference on private international law is working on these issues trying to find the best solutions.
Ključne besede: cross-border, reproductive medicine, child, parentage, Hague Conference, EU
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.10.2018; Ogledov: 995; Prenosov: 72
Celotno besedilo (375,59 KB)
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Opis: Cross-border debt collection in consumer dispute leads to many difficulties. The main one is the access to justice as consumers are generally not aware of their rights and legal proceedings may be expensive. The major difficulty in order to sue a counterpart based in another Member States is the determination of the competent court. However, this private international law issue is the first step in order to bring a legal action. This action may be disproportionate, on time and value, in comparison with the amount of the debt a consumer wants to recover. As a result, the European Commission has adopted the Directive 2008/52/EC on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters which aims at facilitating cross-border disputes involving consumers. After recalling the main characteristics of the Directive, author also discusses online mediation, that can also lead to more effective results.
Ključne besede: cross-border debt collection, online mediation, consumer law, alternative litigation proceedings, Directive 2008/52/EC, private international law
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.07.2018; Ogledov: 1081; Prenosov: 37
Celotno besedilo (120,61 KB)