1. Pravna vprašanja tokenizacije nepremičninMatej Velichkovski, Nataša Samec Berghaus, 2025, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: Prispevek analizira blockchain kot tehnologijo za decentralizirano shranjevanje podatkov in transakcije brez posrednikov, s posebnim poudarkom na tokenizaciji premoženja. V prispevku so uvodoma predstavljene osnovne vrste digitalnih žetonov oz. tokenov (plačilni, premoženjski, finančni, nezamenljivi) ter ključni pravni izzivi, povezani z njihovo pravno razvrstitvijo in izdajo. Zakonodaja EU določa različne načine izdaje, odvisno od značilnosti tokenov. Članek se dotika analize pravne narave tokenov v smislu slovenske zakonodaje. Osrednji del članka se posveti tokenizaciji realnega premoženja (premičnin in nepremičnin). Predstavljene so prednosti in problemi, s katerimi se sooča tokenizacija. Pri nepremičninah se izpostavlja tudi razlike med neposredno in posredno tokenizacijo. Neposredno tokenizacijo zavirajo stroge obličnostne zahteve (npr. vpis v zemljiško knjigo), medtem ko posredna tokenizacija (prek nepremičninskih družb ali skladov) omogoča lažje razdeljevanje lastniških deležev z uporabo tokenov. V zvezi s tem se opozarja na zakonske podlage v državah, kot sta Lihtenštajn in Nemčija, ki že omogočajo pravno varno uporabo blockchaina pri prenosu lastninskih pravic, medtem ko se bo Slovenija pri urejanju tega področja še morala prilagoditi.
Keywords: blockchain, tokenizacija, premoženje, MiCA, prenos lastninske pravice, pravna razvrstitev tokenov oz. digitalnih žetonov, neposredna vs. posredna tokenizacija, vrednostni papirji
Published in DKUM: 02.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 20
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2. Uporabnost tehnologije blockchain v zemljiški knjigiJovana Pajkovska, Kristjan Zahrastnik, 2025, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: Blockchain bi lahko revolucionarno spremenil vodenje zemljiškoknjižnega sistema v Sloveniji, saj bi imel zmožnost povečati preglednost, varnost in učinkovitost. Glede na to, da lahko trajno beležimo transakcije in decentraliziramo dostop, se lahko izognemo napakam in zmanjšamo birokracijo v tem, kar je pogosto zapleten proces. Po drugi strani pa, čeprav blockchain veliko obeta, prinaša tudi pomembne pravne izzive, ki zahtevajo pravne spremembe, zlasti na področju varstva podatkov. Poleg tega so se pojavile dileme glede pravne veljavnosti tovrstnih digitalnih zapisov in tega, ali je treba spremeniti zakonodajo, da bi omogočili nemoteno implementacijo blockchaina v pravni sistem. Večina držav je izbrala pristop »počakaj in poglej«, kar je postala običajna praksa pri oblikovanju stališč do novih tehnoloških rešitev. Prispevek obravnava obstoječe pravne ukrepe, ocenjuje morebitne koristi in slabosti ter analizira prakse v državah, ki so že uvedle blockchain v zemljiške knjige.
Keywords: blockchain, zemljiška knjiga, implementacija tehnologije blockchain, pravni izzivi, primerjalni vidik
Published in DKUM: 02.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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3. Strategic integration of sustainability, circular economy, and blockchain in Slovenian urban governanceGorazd Justinek, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Slovenia has 12 urban municipalities, each with a sustainable development strategy aligned with the Agenda 2030 framework and valid through 2030. This paper examines how these strategies incorporate emerging technologies, particularly blockchain, and innovative sustainability concepts such as the circular economy. Achieving the goals of Agenda 2030, especially transitioning to a circular economy, requires doubling energy efficiency by 2030. While blockchain and the circular economy have often been studied separately, this research explores their intersection within the context of urban sustainability. The study applies qualitative content analysis to the official development strategies of all 12 urban municipalities. This analysis is complemented by semi-structured interviews with senior officials from the Ministry of the Environment, Climate and Energy, and the Vice Mayor of Ljubljana, providing institutional perspectives on strategic priorities and implementation logic. This is the first comprehensive analysis of how Slovenian urban municipalities address the interconnected themes of sustainability, circular economy, and blockchain technology. The findings contribute to academic discussions and offer practical recommendations to enhance innovation in urban sustainability planning
Keywords: blockchain, circular economy, energy efficiency, Agenda 2030, urban municipality
Published in DKUM: 02.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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4. From model to mechanism : enforcing delegated authority in ssi with language-based securityMuhamed Turkanović, Vid Keršič, Alen Horvat, Dominik Beron, Špela Čučko, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Delegation of authority remains a critical yet insufficiently addressed capability in SelfSovereign Identity (SSI) systems. Building on an existing delegation model that introduced the concept of a Verifiable Mandate (VM) for expressing authority and access rights, this paper extends the approach with a rigorous formalization of delegation semantics, enabling unambiguous reasoning over roles, grants, and constraints. The formal model is aligned with standards from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and its constructs are embedded into an extended credential schema that preserves compatibility with the Verifiable Credentials (VC) data model while introducing delegation-specific attributes. A generalized VM schema is defined, supporting both generic and business-specific instantiations, and ensuring structural and semantic interoperability. Policy compliance is operationalized through a policy-based enforcement architecture, where rules are authored in the Rego language and evaluated at runtime by the Open Policy Agent (OPA). The architecture incorporates trusted registries for schema and policy distribution, allowing verifiers to define and enforce context-specific delegation rules in a modular and interoperable manner. Validation through realistic scenarios, such as postal service and academic use cases, demonstrates how formal semantics, schema validation, and language-based policy enforcement can be combined to enable secure, verifiable, and context-aware delegation in SSI ecosystems.
Keywords: self-sovereign identity, delegation, verifiable mandate, formalization, policy-based enforcement, verifiable credentials, blockchain, language-based security
Published in DKUM: 02.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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5. A comprehensive survey on integration of machine learning with secure blockchain-based applicationsChahna Meka, Keerthi Reddy Palakollu, Maria Azees, Arun Sekar Rajasekaran, Ashok Kumar Das, Marko Hölbl, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Machine learning (ML) is a critical technology that provides pervasive intelligence for the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling smart decision and automation. Meanwhile, Blockchain has emerged as a reliable, secure, decentralized and distributed network with applications in a variety of sectors like healthcare, insurance, finance, banking, and business. The integration of blockchain and ML may further enhance security, optimize data processing and ensure intelligent automation. The linkage of blockchain technology with ML aims to safeguard the privacy of ML models by executing blockchain transparency functions. However, maintaining the integrity of ML models and optimizing blockchain process are challenging. The integration in this work aims to solve challenges like security vulnerability, scalability and computational efficiency. Integration enables automation through smart contracts, enabling secure decision making while preserving data integrity and supporting auditing tasks. Moreover, the security benefits of blockchain networks result from anomaly detection technologies enabled by ML that detects fraudulent activities while defending blockchain networks from security threats. This work presents an organized approach to examine contemporary blockchain-ML research developments, analysis of applications based on the integration of blockchain and ML, technical aspects of Integration and its case studies. Finally, integration with respect to industry focus, followed by open challenges and research problems in ML-based blockchain technology, future directions and emerging trends are discussed in this survey.
Keywords: machine learning, blockchain, artificial intelligence, security, privacy, regression
Published in DKUM: 05.09.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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6. Blockchain technology implementation for traceability in the food supply chain – case research : XIII.Marina Balaic, Samo Bobek, Vujica Lazović, Simona Sternad Zabukovšek, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: Food supply chains are evolving into coordinated systems, prompting competition between companies and entire supply networks. In this context, Short Food Supply Chains (SFSCs) have emerged as a response to public concerns about food sourcing and handling. Defined by the EU as systems involving few economic actors committed to local development and close producer-consumer relations, SFSCs present both opportunities and challenges. Among key challenges are identity management, transparency, and security. Blockchain technology, introduced shortly after SFSCs gained attention, offers promising solutions by enhancing traceability and linking product information with physical flows. This chapter explores the role of blockchain in addressing traceability challenges and presents a practical case of its application in SFSCs.
Keywords: agribusiness supply chains, short food supply chains, traceability technologies, blockchain technology, implementing blockchain in the food supply chain
Published in DKUM: 29.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 11
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7. Comparative Analysis of Digitalised Business Models : II.Samo Bobek, Vujica Lazović, Simona Sternad Zabukovšek, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: Digital business models are a key component of digital transformation. Understanding these models is essential for operating successfully in the digital economy. A business model defines the value proposition, cost structure, financing sources, target audience, marketing strategy, and potential partnerships. Its primary purpose is to enable sustainable value delivery to customers. This paper uses the Business Model Canvas to analyse digitised business models, focusing on those based on recurring revenues (e.g., subscriptions, SaaS) and network effects (e.g., platforms, marketplaces). These models have fueled the growth of many digital enterprises. As emerging technologies reshape consumer expectations, companies must rethink how they create and deliver value in a constantly evolving digital environment.
Keywords: digitalised business models, digital transformation, platform business model, blockchain business model, freemium business model, Saas business model, Crowdsourcing business model, aggregator business model, subscription business model
Published in DKUM: 29.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 9
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8. Synergy of blockchain technology and data mining techniques for anomaly detectionAida Kamišalić Latifić, Renata Kovačević, Iztok Fister, 2021, review article Abstract: Blockchain and Data Mining are not simply buzzwords, but rather concepts that are playing
an important role in the modern Information Technology (IT) revolution. Blockchain has recently
been popularized by the rise of cryptocurrencies, while data mining has already been present in IT
for many decades. Data stored in a blockchain can also be considered to be big data, whereas data
mining methods can be applied to extract knowledge hidden in the blockchain. In a nutshell, this
paper presents the interplay of these two research areas. In this paper, we surveyed approaches for
the data mining of blockchain data, yet show several real-world applications. Special attention was
paid to anomaly detection and fraud detection, which were identified as the most prolific applications
of applying data mining methods on blockchain data. The paper concludes with challenges for future
investigations of this research area.
Keywords: anomaly detection, blockchain, distributed ledger, data mining, machine learning
Published in DKUM: 16.06.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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9. Analyzing supply chain dynamics to enhance their environmental performance in the age of emerging technologies : doctoral dissertationSamar Kamal Mohamed, 2024, doctoral dissertation Abstract: Amid the rapid increase in environmental degradation and the depletion of natural resources, there has been a noticeable shift in global focus from economic issues to environmental concerns. The research conducted for the doctoral dissertation addresses the complexity of building supply chain resilience (hereafter: SCR) for long-term environmental sustainability. It examines the potential of new technologies, particularly blockchain technology (hereafter: BCT), as an innovative tool for enhancing the sustainability and resilience of supply chains, with a focus on uncertain environments. Utilizing Systems Theory (hereafter: ST) and the Knowledge-Based View (hereafter: KBV), this study aims to demonstrate how BCT adoption can improve environmental supply chain performance (hereafter: ESCP).
Empirical testing was conducted with respondents from manufacturing and service organizations in Egypt. The data collected was analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results revealed that BCT adoption alone had a negative direct impact on ESCP. However, when this relationship was mediated by SCR and sequentially mediated by customer integration and green customer information sharing, the results were positively rehabilitated.
This research provides valuable insights into how organizations can adapt to dynamic business environments and extends the theories of KBV and ST. It offers an empirical contribution by filling the gap in a more comprehensive understanding of how ESCP can be enhanced by adopting BCT.
Keywords: blockchain technology, supply chain, environmental performance, resilience, sustainability
Published in DKUM: 22.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 13
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10. A review on building blocks of decentralized artificial intelligenceVid Keršič, Muhamed Turkanović, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the key technologies transforming our lives, while the transfer of knowledge and competencies from the academic sphere to the industry and real-world use cases are accelerating yearly. However, during that transition, several significant problems and questions need to be addressed for the field to develop ethically, such as digital privacy, ownership, and control. These are some of the reasons why the currently most popular approaches of artificial intelligence, i.e., centralized artificial intelligence (CEAI), are questionable, with other directions also being explored widely, such as decentralized artificial intelligence (DEAI), which aim to solve some of the most far-reaching problems. This paper aims to review and organize the knowledge in the field of DEAI, focusing solely on studies that fall within this category. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using six scientific databases and additional gray literature to analyze and present the findings of 71 identified studies. The paper’s primary focus is identifying the building blocks of DEAI solutions and networks, tackling the DEAI analysis from a bottom-up approach. Future research directions and open problems are presented and proposed at the end.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptography, decentralization, AI, DEAI, decentralized artificial intelligence
Published in DKUM: 23.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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