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2. Energy storage potential of used electric vehicle batteries for supporting renewable energy generation in IndiaRajat Chauhan, Ram Santran, Matevž Obrecht, Rhythm Singh, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: As electric vehicle (EV) batteries degrade to 80 % of their full capacity, they become unsuitable for electric vehicle propulsion but remain viable for energy storage applications in solar and wind power plants. This study aims to estimate the energy storage potential of used-EV batteries for stationary applications in the Indian context. To estimate the renewable energy generation and used-EV capacity, the study adopted International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) growth scenarios for renewable energy growth and electric vehicle growth, respectively. Battery degradation models for popular battery chemistries in electric vehicle mobility, namely Lithium Iron Phosphate, Lithium Manganese Oxide, and Nickel Manganese Cobalt, are employed to estimate reusable battery capacity. The first life for these battery chemistries, for mobility applications, ranges from 3.5 to 7 years. Results indicate an estimated storage potential of 1300–1870 GWh in used electric vehicle batteries in India by 2038. This is equivalent to 17 % – 39 % of average daily energy generation from solar and wind power plants in various scenarios by the year 2038. This research contributes to SDG-7 by facilitating clean energy accessibility through renewable energy storage and supports emission reduction efforts in transportation and energy sectors, thereby fostering sustainable cities (SDG-11).
Ključne besede: used-EV batteries, battery degradation, renewable energy, energy storage, battery capacity, Li-ion batteries
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.08.2024; Ogledov: 104; Prenosov: 7
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3. A Survey on the State-of-the-Art and Future Trends of Multilevel Inverters in BEVsAlenka Hren, Mitja Truntič, Franc Mihalič, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: All electric vehicles are the only way to decarbonize transport quickly and substantially. Although multilevel inverters have already been used in some transportation modes, they are rarely used in road transportation, especially in light-duty passenger BEVs. With the transition to a high 800-V DC link to extend the driving range and enable extreme fast charging, the possibility of using multilevel inverters in commercial light-duty passenger BEVs becomes feasible. Higher efficiency, higher power density, better waveform quality, lower switching frequency, the possibility of using low-rated switches, and inherent fault tolerance are known advantages of multilevel inverters that make them an efficient option for replacing 2-level inverters in high DC link passenger BEVs. This paper discusses high DC link voltage benefits in light-duty passenger BEVs, presents the state-of-the-art of different conventional multilevel inverter topologies used in BEVs, and compares them with conventional 2-level inverters from different aspects and limitations. Based on commercial upper-class passengers’ BEV data and a review of multilevel inverters on the market, future trends and possible research areas are identified.
Ključne besede: multilevel inverters, MLI, electric vehicle, EV, passengers’ battery electric vehicle, BEV, extreme fast charging, XFC, higher voltage batteries, WBG semiconductors
Objavljeno v DKUM: 26.03.2024; Ogledov: 273; Prenosov: 19
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4. Preparation and electrochemical characterization of aluminium liquid battery cells with two different electrolytes ($NaCl-BaCl_2-AlF_3-NaF$ and $LiF-AlF_3-BaF_2$)Viktor Napast, Jože Moškon, Marko Homšak, Aljana Petek, Miran Gaberšček, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The possibility of preparation of operating rechargeable liquid battery cells based on aluminium and its alloys is systematically checked. In all cases we started from aluminium as the negative electrode whereas as the positive electrode three different metals were tested: $Pb$, $Bi$, and $Sn$. Two types of electrolytes were selected: $Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-BaCl_2-NaCl$ and $Li_3AlF_3-BaF_2$. We show that some of these combinations allowed efficient separation of individual liquid layers. The cells exhibited expected voltages, relatively high current densities and could be charged and discharged several times. The capacities were relatively low (120 mAh in the case of $Al-Pb$ system), mostly due to unoptimised cell construction. Improvements in various directions are possible, especially by hermetically sealing the cells thus preventing salt evaporation. Similarly, solubility of aluminium in alloys can be increased by optimising the composition of positive electrode.
Ključne besede: liquid batteries, aluminium, alloy, electrochemistry
Objavljeno v DKUM: 24.08.2017; Ogledov: 1390; Prenosov: 337
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