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Opis: This paper examines different strategies for reducing air pollution through measures implemented in key sectors. Current environmental and energy policies at the European and Spanish levels are focused on increasing energy efficiency and the penetration of renewable energy sources. In this study, changes in emissions of two major pollutants affecting human health — nitrogen oxides (NOx) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) — are quantified as a result of implementing a set of planned measures, considering Spain’s 2030 policy targets and using 2021 as the reference year. The measures target sectors that are directly connected to the population: residential buildings and passenger cars. The results indicate that the greatest benefits in terms of emission reductions are achieved through the replacement of combustion-based passenger road transport with electric vehicles, as well as through improvements to building envelopes, particularly once the electricity mix reaches the 2030 renewable energy penetration target.
Ključne besede: air quality, emissions, mitigation measures, atmospheric pollutants
Objavljeno v DKUM: 28.10.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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Opis: Debate regarding the use of airplanes or high-speed trains in middle-distance passenger transportation has evolved into a strong field of research. With the aim to mitigate the environmental footprint of air travel, the European Union’s initiatives are focused on redirecting passengers from airplanes to high-speed trains. This shift is hampered by significant variations in train accessibility across Europe. Using Sweden as an example, we tested the break-even distance and evaluated the findings from both a time-efficiency perspective and a sustainability perspective. Airplanes hold the upper hand on high-speed trains in middle-distance passenger transportation from the time perspective. This perspective provides us with a clear answer, but if we consider the sustainability perspective, it may affect the results. The results indicate that the presented proof of concept makes sense and can be easily adapted to any decision-making process regarding the choice of the preferable transportation mode, although the procedure is extremely time consuming. For policymakers, this proof of concept can represent a priceless tool because the resulting figures carry valuable information about (under)developed and (less-)integrated transportation modes in commuting and transportation systems.
Ključne besede: time efficiency, sustainability, breakeven distance, high-speed-rail (HSR) travel, air travel
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.07.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
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Opis: The thesis explores the theme of nostalgia in George Orwell’s novel Coming Up for Air from various analytical perspectives. The research is made possible by the novel’s detailed story, which captures the tensions between the individual and a rapidly modernising world in pre-World War II Britain. The work is structured into three main sections. First, the theoretical framework provides an overview of different definitions and interpretations of nostalgia from literature, history, and cultural studies. Second, various philosophical perspectives examine the relationship between nostalgia, personal identity, and the individuals’ ways of approaching the memory. From the standpoint of existentialism and the self, the thesis investigates how the protagonist, George Bowling, experiences nostalgia as a mechanism for self-definition. The thesis argues that nostalgia distorts the temporal order, merging past and present into a seamless but fictional continuum. The political philosophy and modernity perspectives place the main character’s nostalgia within the broader socio-political status of 20th century Britain. Orwell employs nostalgia to critique the oppressive forces of industrialisation, totalitarian governance, and capitalist consumerism. Third, the linguistic analysis applies Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), using the discourse system framework developed by authors Martin and Rose (2007), to examine how Orwell’s language constructs the protagonist’s nostalgic experience. The analysis looks at how Orwell’s linguistic features show Bowling’s emotional attachment to the past and his disappointment with the present. Engagement is analysed to reveal how the protagonist’s reflections position the reader within his subjective perspective.
Ključne besede: Nostalgia, George Orwell, Coming Up for Air, Existentialism, Memory, Self-Identity, Political Philosophy, Systemic Functional Linguistics, Time, History.
Objavljeno v DKUM: 29.05.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 35
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Opis: Background: Air pollution with increased concentrations of fine (< 2.5 μm) particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Even short-term increase of PM2.5 may help trigger ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and heart failure (HF) in susceptible individuals, even in areas with good air quality. Purpose: To evaluate the role of PM2.5 levels ≥ 20 μg/m3 in admission acute HF in STEMI patients. Materials and Methods: In 290 STEMI patients with the leading reperfusion strategy primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), we retrospectively studied independent predictors of admission acute HF and included admission demographic and clinical data as well as ambient PM2.5 levels ≥ 20 μg/m3. We defined admission acute HF in STEMI patients as classes II–IV by Killip Kimball classification. Results: Acute admission HF was observed in 34.5% of STEMI patients. PPCI was performed in 87.1% of acute admission HF patients and in 94.7% non-HF patients (p= 0.037). Significant independent predictors of acute admission HF were prior diabetes (OR 2.440, 95% CI 1.100 to 5.400, p=0.028), admission LBBB (OR 10.190, 95% CI 1.160 to 89.360, p=0.036), prior resuscitation (OR 2.530, 95% CI 1.010 to 6.340, p=0.048), admission troponin I≥ 5μg/l (OR 3.390, 95% CI 1.740 to 6.620, p< 0.001), admission eGFR levels (0.61, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.72, p < 0.001), and levels of PM2.5 ≥ 20 μg/m3 (OR 2.140, 95% CI 1.005 to 4.560, p=0.049) one day before admission. Conclusion: Temporary short-term increase in PM2.5 levels (≥ 20 μg/m3) one day prior to admission in an area with mainly good air quality was among significant independent predictors of acute admission HF in STEMI patients.
Ključne besede: admission acute heart failure, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, air pollution, PM2.5
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
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Opis: This study examined the environmental attitude of drivers towards vehicle emission. The survey design that employed a five point Likert scale questionnaire and administered to 402 respondents (drivers) generated the data analysed. Data analysis involved descriptive and regression statistical tools. The results suggest that there was significant association between respondents’ sex, occupation, education and their environmental attitudes. A greater percentage (87. 3%) of the respondents was slightly more likely to agree that emissions from cars and trucks have serious impact on air quality. Majority (57.5%) of the respondents who were civil servants appeared to possess positive (favourable) attitudes towards the influence of emissions on the environment. Logistic regression suggest that respondents’ sex, occupation, education and vehicle’s purpose, income, age and social group significantly predicted their environmental attitudes. The study concludes that most of the sample possessed positive (favourable) environmental attitude towards vehicle emissions. This suggests that the environmental attitude of drivers towards emissions is not responsible for poor air quality. The policy implications of the findings include the need for the adoption of the polluter-pay-principle to reduce the volume of vehicles on our road, the necessity of promoting mass public transportation (such as the BRT and LAGBUS) as a way of reducing vehicle emission. Finally, sensitization program through social groups and schools is imperative.
Ključne besede: air quality, environmental attitude, drivers, vehicle emissions
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.08.2024; Ogledov: 56; Prenosov: 8
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