1. Inhibition properties of TRITON-X-100 on ferritic stainless steel in sulphuricacid at increasing temperatureRegina Fuchs-Godec, Gregor Žerjav, 2009, original scientific article Abstract: The inhibiting action of a non-ionic surfactant of the TRITON-X series (TRITON-X-100) on stainless steel type X4Cr13 in 1.0 M H2SO4 solution at five different temperatures was investigated by the potentiodynamic polarisation measurements. The inhibition efficiency has been calculated in the presence and in the absence of the inhibitor. The experimental data suggest that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of the TRITON-X-100, and decreases with the increasing temperature. Adsorption of the non-ionic surfactant used here obeys the Flory- Huggins isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters, such as, the heat of adsorption, adsorption entropy, and the adsorption free energy, have been calculated by employing thermodynamic equations. Kinetic parameters, also been evaluated.
Keywords: non-ionic surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, sulphuric acid, Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherm
Published: 31.05.2012; Views: 1150; Downloads: 50
 Full text (332,60 KB)
This document has many files! More...
|
2. Supercritical fluid adsorption and desorption of lipids on various adsorbentsMojca Škerget, Željko Knez, 2007, original scientific article Abstract: In present work the feasibility of using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for separation of free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides has been examined. Lipids such as oleic acid and sunflower oil (containing 96% of triglycerides) were used; adsorption and desorption on adsorbents such as silica gel and neusilin using supercritical $CO_2$ as mobile phase was investigated. The experiments were performed at 40 °C and in the pressure range from 13 to 30 MPa. Adsorption kinetic lines were determined by analysingbreakthrough curves. Several parameters such as rate of adsorption and desorption, loading, desorbed quantity and diffusion coefficients in solid phase were calculated.
Keywords: supercritical fluid chromatography, lipids, oleic acid, triglycerides, adsorption, desorption
Published: 31.05.2012; Views: 1377; Downloads: 47
Full text (167,88 KB)
This document has many files! More...
|
3. Localized dissolution kinetics of low carbon steelAljana Petek, Valter Doleček, 2007, original scientific article Abstract: Localized dissolution of low carbon steel in saturated calcium hydroxide with different amount of sodium chloride has been investigated, using a dc technique. Potentiokinetic polarization curves indicated that pitting potentials ($E_{pit}$) decrease linearly with the log of chloride concentration. The rate of pit nucleation (1/$t_i$), and the rate of pits growth increases with increasing concentration of $Cl^-$ ions. Initiation of pitting attack could be ascribed to the adsorption of $Cl^-$ ions on the oxide surface. Adsorption of $Cl^-$ ions is physisorption and follow the Langmuir isotherm with $Δ_{ads}G^0$ = -21.1 kJ/mol.
Keywords: pitting corrosion, adsorption isotherm, low carbon steel, simulated interstitial solution
Published: 31.05.2012; Views: 1388; Downloads: 42
Full text (105,67 KB)
This document has many files! More...
|
4. The interaction ability of cellulosic materials as a function of fine structure and Helmholtz surface energyTatjana Kreže, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, Volker Ribitsch, Zdenka Peršin, Majda Sfiligoj-Smole, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: Many chemical or physical modification processes significantly influence the accessibility of fiber forming polymers by causing structural changes. The wettability and sorption ability improvements of polymeric materials are major tasks during finishing processes. Different pre-treatment processes are used in order to improve the accessibility of dissociable groups, hydrophilicity, dyeability, and whiteness. These are usually alkaline purification, chemical bleaching and mercerization. In a previous paper we presented the data for structural characteristics (density, crystallinity index, molecular orientation, void volume, diameter and the specific inner surface of void, etc.) of untreated regenerated cellulose fibers (viscose, modal and lyocell) [41]. We now compare the influence of different pre-treatment processes on fiber structure and the accessibility of the chemical groups of these fibers. In order to improve the accessibility, two pre-treatment processes were used: chemical bleaching of fibers and tensionless alkali treatment. The influence of these pre-treatment processes on the structure parameters was evaluated using viscosity measurements (determination of polymerization degree (DIN 54 270)) and iodine sorption ability measurements according to the Schwertassek method (determination of crystallinity index) [13, 16]. The reactivity and accessibility in a polar environment was determined using tensiometry. Contact angles between the fibers and liquids of different polarities were determined using the powder contact angle method and calculated from a modified Washburn equation [26, 28]. The surface free (Helmholtz) energy of differently treated fibers was determined from the contact angle data using the Owens-Wendt-Raeble-Kaelble approximation [30, 33, 35]. The differences in the accessibility of raw and pre-treated regenerated cellulose fibers obtained using tensiometry are compared with the results of the conventional method used to determine moisture adsorption (DIN 54 351, DIN 53 802). In regard to raw fibers, viscose shows the most hydrophilic characteristic: adsorbs the highest amount of moisture, has the fastest penetration velocities (Fig. 6), the smallest contact angle, and the highest SFE (Fig. 8). Modal fibers have the largest contact angle, the lowest SFE, and they adsorb the smallest amount of water vapor. Pre-treatments increase the sorption ability and the surface free (Helmholtz) energy while they decrease the contact angle. This makes the material more accessible to water and chemicals used in the finishing processes although the crystallinity index increases. The main modification in polymer properties caused by the treatments is an increase in the fiber SFE caused by an increase of the fiber surfaces because of swelling in the alkaline medium (washing, slack-mercerization), and due to an increase of accessible OH- and COOH-groups (bleaching). This enables the formation of an increased number of hydrogen bridges between the water molecules and the OH- and COOH-groups. Our investigations confirm the results published earlier thatthe main property necessary for the proper sorption behavior of cellulose materials are the accessible, less ordered regions and not the degree of crystallinity.
Keywords: regenerated cellulose fibers, fiber pre-treatment, iodine sorption, cristallinity, tensiometry, contact angle, Helmholtz surface energy, water adsorption
Published: 01.06.2012; Views: 1733; Downloads: 42
 Link to full text |
5. Removal of vat and disperse dyes from residual pad liquorsVera Golob, Alenka Ojstršek, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: The efficiency of three wastewater treatment techniques, coagulation/flocculation, adsorption and ultrafiltration, has been studied for the removal of vat and disperse dyes from residual pad liquors. Three inorganic coagulants Al2(SO4)3 18H2O, FeSO4 7H2O, FeCl3 6H2O and commercial cationic flocculant, as individuals and in combination, were tested for the coagulation/flocculation methods. Granular activated carbon was used as an adsorbent in the adsorption technique. Ultrafiltration was performed using a polyethersulfone membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 10 kDa. Dye removal was evaluated as the difference between concentrations of dyes in pad liquors before and after a particular treatment using absorbance measurements.The obtained results indicated over 90% of dye removal using appropriate coagulants and only 40% using activated carbon. The best results, dye removal over 98%, were achieved using the ultrafiltration technique.
Keywords: textile dyeing, disperse dyes, wastewater, decoloration, wastewater treatment, coagulation, flocculation, adsorption, ultrafiltration, vat dyes
Published: 01.06.2012; Views: 1352; Downloads: 70
Link to full text |
6. Removal of inorganic As [sup] 5+ from a small drinking water systemMarjana Simonič, 2009, original scientific article Abstract: The drinking water from a small drinking water system contained arsenic in a concentration of about 50 ▫$mu$▫g/L. Chemical analyses showed that the pentavalent form of arsenic was present. Since the MCL value is 10 ▫$mu$▫g/L, it was necessary to implement a technological treatment to make the water suitable for drinking. In order to do so, two technologies were suggested: activated alumina and ▫$alpha$▫-FeOOH (TehnoArz, TA) adsorption media. Experiments using both adsorption media were performed on a laboratory scale. It was possible to remove arsenic to below 1 ▫$mu$▫g/L. The maximal adsorption capacity was found to be 12.7 mg of As5+ per gram of ▫$alpha$▫-FeOOH. Moreover, all the important physico- chemical parameters of the water remained practically unchanged after the treatment. Only a slight release of iron from the media was observed. The Fe-As bond was studied by means of chemical analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. Finally, in addition to showing the capability of arsenic removalby ▫$alpha$▫-FeOOH, a comprehensive optimization of the technological parameters of the selected technology is provided.
Keywords: drinking water, arsenic, activated alumina, goethite, adsorption
Published: 01.06.2012; Views: 1093; Downloads: 26
Link to full text |
7. Adsorption of fucoidan and chitosan sulfate on chitosan modified PET films monitored by QCM-DTea Indest, Janne Laine, Leena Sisko Johansson, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, Simona Strnad, Renate Dworczak, Volker Ribitsch, 2009, original scientific article Abstract: The adsorption behavior of fucoidan as well as chitosan derivatives (chitosan sulfate) on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) model film surface was studied using the quartz crystal microbalance technique. These systems were chosen for this study due to their promising biocompatible properties. Moreover, fucoidan and chitosan sulfate have promising anticoagulant properties and represent an alternative to heparin treatment of vascular grafts. As a first step, PET foils were activated by alkaline hydrolysis to increase their hydrophilicity. From these foils, model PET films were prepared by the spin coating technique on a silica quartz crystal. The selected polysaccharides (chitosan, fucoidan, and chitosan sulfate) were adsorbed from aqueous solutions on the PET surfaces. The adsorption was monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance with a dissipation unit. The surface chemistry and morphology of the chitosan/fucoidan or chitosan/chitosan sulfate coated PET-H films was analyzed using XPS and AFM. It was found that chitosan/fucoidan films were thinner and more compressed, while in the case of chitosan/chitosansulfate, large amounts of chitosan sulfate were adsorbed, indicating a loose and thick adsorbed film.
Keywords: PET films, fucoidan, chitosan sulfate, adsorption, anticoagulant properties
Published: 01.06.2012; Views: 1146; Downloads: 56
Link to full text |
8. PB(II) AND HG(II) IONS ADSORPTION USING SURFACE MODIFIED SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES2014, dissertation Abstract: Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles prepared via co-precipitation method were modified with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and additional funkcionalized with 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) with purpose of cleaning waste water contaminated with heavy metal ions (Pb2+ and Hg2+).
The influence of different experimental parameters (reaction time, reaction temperature and different TEOS:MPTMS ratios) on silica coating of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and additional on thiol group was systematically studied. Silanes adsorb to the particle surface with alkoxy (Si(OR)4) groups at one end, while functional substituents (-SH) at the opposite end stay extended into surrounding aqueous medium and chemically interact with heavy metal contaminates.
Thiol functionalized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were characterized using IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM).
The thiol functionalized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were used for Pb2+ and Hg2+ions adsorption from aqueous media. Effect of treatment has been demonstrated using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).
Keywords: cobalt ferrite, magnetic nanoparticles, tetraethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyl trimetoxysilane, thiol group, lead, mercury, adsorption
Published: 02.12.2014; Views: 1494; Downloads: 91
Full text (5,22 MB) |
9. Manipulation of chitosan binding on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surface and study of coatings on poultry meat shelf life-timeTina Tkavc, 2014, doctoral dissertation Abstract: The aim of this study was to activate inert PET surfaces in order to introduce the surfaces’ carboxyl groups and to obtain its hydrophilic character, which was important for the chitosan bonding to it. Films where chitosan was attached to the PET could be used as active packaging material for food like fresh poultry meat. For PET activation two advanced and environmentally friendly techniques were used: 1) O2 plasma activation; and 2) CO2 plasma activation. Differently treated PET foils deposited on Au quartz crystals (model studies - adsorption and desorption) and real films were characterized. Later on, real films were studied in the terms of carboxylic/amino group content, hydrophobic/hydrophilic character, surface composition and adsorption/desorption of chitosan onto/from the surface. Results clearly showed that the use of both surfaces’ activation processes increased the ability of PET foils to adsorb chitosan, but CO2 plasma gave a higher concentration of carboxyl groups on the PET surface and consequently, due to the chemical bonding the chitosan layers were more stable. Even though CO2 plasma pre-treated PET foils gave better results during the experimental work, we could not avoid layer by layer adhesion of chitosan which resulted in non-bound molecules. Pre-treated foils and with chitosan functionalized foils were tested preliminarily with ASTME E1 (2002) microbiological tests. Functionalized CO2 plasma pre-treated foils gave the broadest spectra of antimicrobial activity, and therefore they were chosen for further microbiological analyses, where chitosan`s influence on inoculated poultry models towards selected standard strains, typical for poultry meat, was being tested. By determining the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) for selected microorganisms we have proven, that chitosan possesses antimicrobial properties at low concentrations. During the transfer of the experiment to a larger scale (food models, which are a very complex environment), it has been shown that on PET bonded chitosan did not have the inhibitory effect to that extent, with the exception of Staphylococcus aureus, as was expected. Similar results were expressed using both these methods: Colony count technique and real-time PCR. In the end, the organoleptic properties of the chicken models exposed to foils have shown that chitosan changes the color and taste of meat immediately after exposure, but samples were staying edible longer. Therefore, functionalized PET, which has an inhibitory influence towards variety of microorganisms, may be applied as an active packaging system for poultry meat after some optimization of the coating procedure in binding chitosan onto the PET surfaces.
Keywords: PET/chitosan/antimicrobial packaging/adsorption-desorption kinetics/microbiological tests
Published: 22.10.2014; Views: 1345; Downloads: 131
Full text (3,65 MB) |
10. |
