1. Applications of AI-driven tools in translating and drafting commercial correspondence : a Slovenian-English perspectiveNataša Gajšt, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The recent emergence and the widespread use of AI-driven tools have significantly affected various aspects of human communication, including business-related professional communication. This pilot study explores how AI-driven tools can be used in drafting commercial correspondence by considering its genre conventions. To this end, we carried out a small-scale study to assess AI-driven tools for translating and drafting commercial correspondence. We used ChatGPT, Claude 3.5 Sonnet and Gemini 2.0 Flash to translate 15 letters from Slovenian into English and to draft 10 letters in English based on the prompts in Slovenian. Our key findings show that although the translations are similar, slight differences occur mainly at the level of formality and the scope of formulaic expressions. Concerning the drafts, the AI-driven tools produced adequate letters which might sometimes need light human editing.
Keywords: Business English, commercial correspondence, translation, drafting, AI-driven tools, English, Slovenian
Published in DKUM: 22.09.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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2. The challenges of translating metaphors in Slovene retranslation of Edgar Allan Poe's short storiesNatalia Kaloh Vid, Agnes Kojc, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The article focuses on translations of metaphors, a unique aesthetic and poetic figure that requires special attention and accurate rendering in a literary translation. When translating metaphors, the translator should understand and preserve the meaning and the aesthetic component of the metaphors. The study discusses the rendering of metaphors in translations and re-translations of three short stories by Edgar Allan Poe: “The Gold Bug,” translated by Boris Rihteršič in 1935, and Jože Udovič in 1960; “The Pit and the Pendulum,” translated by Rihteršič in 1935 and by Udovič in 1972, and “The Fall of the House of Usher,” translated by Zoran Jerin and Igor Šentjurc (1952), and by Udovič in 1972. In gothic fiction, Poe established himself as a master of metaphors, which he used with astonishing fluency and precision. The results of the analysis demonstrate how and in which way Slovene translators rendered metaphors in the short stories of one of the greatest writers of gothic fiction, and what strategies they used to preserve Poe’s unique, dark, and delirious metaphorical style.
Keywords: American literature, metaphor, translation strategies, retranslations, short stories
Published in DKUM: 29.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 9
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3. Speaking climate : how translators make environmental language workSara Orthaber, Aleksandra Nuč Blažič, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: Climate change is a global challenge that demands informed action. One major barrier to public engagement is the difficulty in understanding specialised environmental terminology. In Slovenia, as in other countries, improving environmental literacy is essential for supporting sustainable practices and the green transition. This study explores how climate-related terms are translated from English into Slovenian, focusing on the behind the-scenes processes of meaning-making. It examines how Slovenian translators address terminological challenges through collaboration in online professional groups, where terminology is co-constructed through expert discussions. These informal exchanges play a key role in clarifying ambiguity and ensuring accurate, context-sensitive translations. Although official glossaries offer standardised terms, the cognitive work and decision-making that support them often remain invisible. This research highlights the translators’ crucial role in making climate discourse accessible, thus promoting understanding and enabling greater public engagement in sustainability efforts.
Keywords: climate changes, translation, environmental terminology, sustainable development, terminological challenges, environmental literacy
Published in DKUM: 26.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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4. Machine translation of independent nominal phrases in technical textsSimon Zupan, Zmago Pavličič, Melanija Fabčič, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: This paper deals with machine translations of independent noun phrases in technical texts, which are not part of any sentence structure but function on their own, typically in tables and illustrations. Such nominal structures are common in technical texts because they allow technical writers to increase lexical density and precision in expression. On the other hand, these phrases pose a challenge for machine translation engines, as their meaning depends on the context. Independent noun phrases from a service manual, which were translated from English into Slovene by two different machine translators (DeepL and Google Translate), are considered in this paper. Their comparison with the original showed some limitations of machine translation engines in translating noun phrases, since approximately half of them showed a noticeable change in meaning.Prispevek obravnava strojne prevode samostojnih samostalniških besednih zvez v tehničnih besedilih, ki niso del stavčnih struktur, temveč se pojavljajo zunaj konteksta, najpogosteje v preglednicah in grafičnih prikazih. Tovrstne besedne zveze se pogosto pojavljajo v tehničnih besedilih, saj piscem omogočajo večjo leksikalno gostoto in konciznost pri izražanju. Po drugi strani predstavljajo izziv za strojne prevajalnike, saj je njihov pomen odvisen od sobesedila. V prispevku so obravnavane samostoječe samostalniške besedne zveze iz servisnega priročnika, ki so bile iz angleščine v slovenščino prevedene z dvema različnima strojnima prevajalnikoma (DeepL in Google Translate). Njihova primerjava z izvirnikom je pokazala nekatere omejitve strojnih prevajalnikov pri prevajanju samostalniških besednih zvez, saj se je pri približno polovici besednih zvez opazno spremenil njihov pomen.
Keywords: technical texts, machine translation, nominal phrases, translation shifts, technical translation
Published in DKUM: 08.07.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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5. Weakly-supervised multilingual medical NER for symptom extraction for low-resource languagesRigon Sallauka, Umut Arioz, Matej Rojc, Izidor Mlakar, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Patient-reported health data, especially patient-reported outcomes measures, are vital for improving clinical care but are often limited by memory bias, cognitive load, and inflexible questionnaires. Patients prefer conversational symptom reporting, highlighting the need for robust methods in symptom extraction and conversational intelligence. This study presents a weakly-supervised pipeline for training and evaluating medical Named Entity Recognition (NER) models across eight languages, with a focus on low-resource settings. A merged English medical corpus, annotated using the Stanza i2b2 model, was translated into German, Greek, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, and Slovenian, preserving the entity annotations medical problems, diagnostic tests, and treatments. Data augmentation addressed the class imbalance, and the fine-tuned BERT-based models outperformed baselines consistently. The English model achieved the highest F1 score (80.07%), followed by German (78.70%), Spanish (77.61%), Portuguese (77.21%), Slovenian (75.72%), Italian (75.60%), Polish (75.56%), and Greek (69.10%). Compared to the existing baselines, our models demonstrated notable performance gains, particularly in English, Spanish, and Italian. This research underscores the feasibility and effectiveness of weakly-supervised multilingual approaches for medical entity extraction, contributing to improved information access in clinical narratives—especially in under-resourced languages.
Keywords: low-resource languages, machine translation, medical entity extraction, NER, NLP, patient-reported outcomes, weakly-supervised learning
Published in DKUM: 19.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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6. On the use of morpho-syntactic description tags in neural machine translation with small and large training corporaGregor Donaj, Mirjam Sepesy Maučec, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: With the transition to neural architectures, machine translation achieves very good quality for several resource-rich languages. However, the results are still much worse for languages
with complex morphology, especially if they are low-resource languages. This paper reports the
results of a systematic analysis of adding morphological information into neural machine translation
system training. Translation systems presented and compared in this research exploit morphological
information from corpora in different formats. Some formats join semantic and grammatical information and others separate these two types of information. Semantic information is modeled using
lemmas and grammatical information using Morpho-Syntactic Description (MSD) tags. Experiments
were performed on corpora of different sizes for the English–Slovene language pair. The conclusions
were drawn for a domain-specific translation system and for a translation system for the general
domain. With MSD tags, we improved the performance by up to 1.40 and 1.68 BLEU points in the
two translation directions. We found that systems with training corpora in different formats improve
the performance differently depending on the translation direction and corpora size.
Keywords: neural machine translation, POS tags, MSD tags, inflected language, data sparsity, corpora size
Published in DKUM: 28.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 11
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7. Are health literacy and physical literacy independent concepts? A gender-stratified analysis in medical school students from CroatiaMarijana Geets Kesic, Mia Perić, Barbara Gilić, Marko Manojlovic, Patrik Drid, Toni Modric, Željka Znidaric, Nataša Zenić, Aleksander Pajtler, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Health literacy (HL) and physical literacy (PL) are concepts responsible for achieving and
maintaining positive health behaviors. This study aimed to investigate gender-specific associations:
(i) between PL and HL; and (ii) among HL, PL, and body composition. We observed 253 students
attending health-area high schools from southern Croatia (181 girls; 16.9 ± 1.4 years). HL was
assessed by the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, PL by the PLAYself questionnaire,
and body composition by bioimpedance analysis. The t-test was used to assess the differences
between genders, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to establish the associations
between variables. The results showed a similar level of HL (t-test = 0.2; p = 0.83) and PL (t-test = 0.01;
p = 0.99) in boys and girls. Significant but small correlations were identified between HL and PL only
in the girls (<10% of common variance). The body composition indices were significantly correlated
with PL only in the boys (15–20% of common variance). Our research highlights the necessity of the
independent evaluation of HL and PL in adolescence. Further studies evaluating other indices of
health status in relation to PL and HL are warranted.
Keywords: health behavior, knowledge translation, public health, community-engaged research, youth, body build
Published in DKUM: 12.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 10
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8. Translational regulation in hepatocellular carcinogenesisSuzana Bračič Tomažič, Christoph Schatz, Johannes Haybaeck, 2021, review article Abstract: The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is distributed unevenly worldwide. One of the major causes is hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection and the development and progression of liver cirrhosis. The carcinogenesis of HCC is among others regulated via the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and represents a possible method of targeted treatment. The aim of our article was to address the most recent clinical advances and findings of basic studies on the mTOR signaling pathway and the involved factors. Risk factors play a key role in dysregulation of the signaling pathway, where both mTORCs are upregulated and protein synthesis is altered. eIFs and, to a lesser extent, eEFs play an essential role in this process. Whether the factor will be upregulated or downregulated, among others, depends on hepatitis B/C virus infection. The amount of a particular factor in a patient sample lets us know whether HCC recurrence will occur, what is the likelihood of chemoresistance, and what outcome is predicted for patients with an increased value. Our analysis shows that in addition to mTOR, eIF3, eIF4, and eIF5 play an important role, as they can serve as biomarkers for non- and virus-related HCC.
Keywords: mTOR, virus related HCC, non-virus related HCC, cancer, translation initiation, liver
Published in DKUM: 18.10.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 8
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9. Translating Answers to Open-ended Questions in Multi-lingual Surveys. A Case Study of the Cross-national Longitudinal Study: Older Audiences in the Digital Media EnvironmentUrša Marinšek, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: This thesis looks into the process of translating answers in multi-lingual longitudinal surveys. It provides a literature review on translation in similar studies, but more importantly, through qualitative interviews with researchers involved in an international longitudinal study, it explores concrete strategies and challenges.
The Cross-National Longitudinal Study: Older Audiences in the Digital Media Environment is investigated as a case study. The main working language in the study is English and the used questionnaire includes closed- and open-ended questions. Dealing with respondents’ answers includes translating answers to English from many languages.
Researchers in this study do not pay attention to translating answers to great extent, and some think open-ended questions are not necessary in quantitative research. Those who translated answers had problems with language comprehension and cultural backgrounds. They lacked certain guidelines which would help with solving any issues. This thesis identifies the challenges that researchers face and finds possible strategies, and improvements for translations.
Keywords: meta-methodological research, translation of answers, guidelines for translation in quantitative research, longitudinal studies
Published in DKUM: 03.09.2024; Views: 55; Downloads: 21
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10. Safety culture in the operating room : translation, validation of the safety attitudes questionnaire - operating room versionTeodor Pevec, Tit Albreht, Eva Turk, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Background: Measuring the safety culture in Healthcare is an important step in improving patient safety. One of the most commonly used instruments to measure the safety climate is the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). The aim of the current study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Slovenian version of the SAQ for the operating room SAQ-OR. Methods: The SAQ, consisting of six dimensions, was translated and adapted to the Slovenian context and applied in operating rooms from seven out of ten Slovenian regional hospitals. Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results: The sample consisted of 243 health care professionals who hold positions in the OR, divided into 4 distinct professional classes, namely, 76 surgeons (31%), 15 anesthesiologists (6%), 140 nurses (58%) and 12 auxiliary persons (5%). It was observed a very good Cronbach's alpha (0.77 to 0.88). The CFA and its goodness-of-fit indices (CFI 0.912, TLI 0.900, RMSE 0.056, SRMR 0.056) showed an acceptable model fit. There are 28 items in the final model. Conclusions: The Slovenian version of the SAQ-OR revealed good psychometric properties for studying the organisational safety culture.
Keywords: operating room, safety attitudes questionnare, safety culture, translation
Published in DKUM: 13.03.2024; Views: 324; Downloads: 25
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