Search the digital library catalog

Abstract: Objective: Most guidelines for the management of aggressive behavior in acute psychiatric patients describe the use of de-escalation as the first-choice method, but the evidence for its effectiveness is inconsistent. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of verbal and non-verbal de-escalation on the incidence and severity of aggression and the use of physical restraints in acute psychiatric wards. Methods: A multi-center cluster randomized study was conducted in the acute wards of all psychiatric hospitals in Slovenia. The research was carried out in two phases, a baseline period of five consecutive months and an intervention period of the same five consecutive months in the following year. The intervention was implemented after the baseline period and included training in verbal and non-verbal de-escalation techniques for the staff teams on experimental wards. Results: In the baseline study period, there were no significant differences in the incidence of aggressive behavior and physical restraints between the experimental and control groups. The incidence rates of aggressive events, severe aggressive events, and physical restraints per 100 treatment days decreased significantly after the intervention. Compared to the control group, the incidence rate of aggressive events was 73% lower in the experimental group (IRR = 0.268, 95% CI [0.221; 0.342]), while the rate of severe events was 86% lower (IRR = 0.142, 95% CI [0.107; 0.189]). During the intervention period, the incidence rate of physical restraints due to aggression in the experimental group decreased to 30% of the rate in the control group (IRR = 0.304, 95% CI [0.238; 0.386]). No reduction in the incidence of restraint used for reasons unrelated to aggression was observed. After the intervention, a statistically significant decrease in the severity of aggressive incidents (p < 0.001) was observed, while the average duration of restraint episodes did not decrease. Conclusion: De-escalation training is effective in reducing the incidence and severity of aggression and the use of physical restraints in acute psychiatric units.
Keywords: aggression, restraint, de-escalation training, incidence, psychiatry, acute ward
Published in DKUM: 23.08.2023; Views: 80; Downloads: 6
Full text (1,14 MB)
This document has many files! More...

Abstract: Kognitivni trening se v zadnjih letih vedno pogosteje omenja kot ena izmed intervencij za izboljšanje kognitivnih sposobnosti, vendar njegovi učinki na možgansko strukturo in funkcijo še niso popolnoma raziskani. Magistrsko delo je sistematični pregled literature, kjer se je preverjalo merjenje učinkovitosti kognitivnega treninga z EEG metodami. Kot instrumenti za raziskavo so bile uporabljene strokovne akademske znanstvene študije, ki so na voljo v elektronskih podatkovnih bazah Cobiss, EMERALD, PubMed, ProQuest in IOS Press. V vzorec so bili vključeni le recenzirani strokovni in akademski članki, ki so sovpadali s sledečimi vključitvenimi kriteriji; ključne iskalne besedne zveze: »cognitive training«, »eeg«, »electroencephalography« in v slovenskem jeziku: »kognitivni trening«, »eeg«, »elektroencefalografija«. Omejitveni kriteriji so bili: obdobje od leta 2010 do 2021, jezik slovenščina in angleščina. V pregled je bilo vključenih 24 raziskav s skupno 1159 udeleženci, starimi od 4,8 do 78,9 let, zdrave in kognitivno oškodovane populacije ter zelo heterogeni metodološki pristopi. Večina študij poroča o spremembah v nevrofizioloških parametrih, katerih glavno gonilo je kognitivni trening. Poročanja o bližnjem transferju so vzpodbudna, vendar so za trdne dokaze potrebne dodatne študije. Magistrsko delo definira relevantne študije ter predstavlja dodano vrednost glede na kvaliteto, z uporabo znanstvene metodologije združuje in evalvira njihove rezultate.
Keywords: cognitive training, electroencephalography (EEG), efficiency, computerized cognitive training
Published in DKUM: 10.07.2023; Views: 96; Downloads: 4
Full text (3,76 MB)

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the decade of Slovenian police officer’s experiences with international peacekeeping operations. The main goal of police officers, involved in these missions, is to prevent conflicts between opposite sites, to implement basic agreements, protect humanitarian missions and reinforce policing operations in the conflict area. The purpose of the paper is to acknowledge the lessons learned while planning and implementing further cooperation of Slovenian police officers in peacekeeping (police) operations. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the consequences of deployment to peacekeeping missions for police officers as well as their family members (partners and children) by analyzing the psychodynamic processes related to the involvement in peacekeeping missions. Design/Methods/Approach: The paper is based on the review of literature. The empirical part of the paper presents the results of the research on a small sample of police officers (n = 36) and their family members (n = 25 partners + 35 children). Findings: Police peacekeepers should be well prepared for different stress situations; they are exposed to various stress factors before, during, and after serving in a mission. That is why training and reintegration programmes are of great importance. We establish that respondents assess that deployment to a peacekeeping mission has a positive and negative impact on the relationships between family members. As many as ¾ of mission members believe deployment can have a positive impact above all in the sense of strengthening the emotional ties between partners, increased mutual trust and strengthening of the partnership. For them, deployment to a peacekeeping mission is a challenge and personal experience, which can change the way they see the world. 2/3 of partners state similar positive impacts and they also believe that there is more trust between the partners after the experience with the peacekeeping mission, they treasure their time together and thus represent bigger support for each other in difficult times. As the most common problem, respondents perceived marital problems and the occurrence of negative feelings among family members (anger, avoidance, judgment ...). A large share of respondents stressed problems with children. 43.8% of respondents also named depression as a problem. Research limitations/implications: The findings are limited to the Slovenian police and their police officer’s experiences, serving in various police peacekeeping missions and their family members. Practical implications: Based on lessons learned this paper complements the results of different surveys of the researched topic. The results cannot be completely generalized, although some findings could also be useful to similar police organizations in Europe. Originality/Value: This paper addresses and explores different small scale surveys, conducted on sampled Slovenian police officers who served in peacekeeping missions and their family members. Findings could be of interest for the general as well as expert audience.
Keywords: police, police officer’s family, peacekeeping missions, Slovenia, stress, training and reintegration programmes, SE Europe
Published in DKUM: 05.05.2020; Views: 894; Downloads: 44
Full text (624,54 KB)
This document has many files! More...

Abstract: This paper presents the results of the 5 months experiment in which the influence of using a web graphic organizer in the science literacy curriculum was observed. The interest of the study was focused on the quality and quantity of learning/understanding the explicatory text description from the science textbook. The experiment included students at the age of 8-9 years. Science and L1 class were integrated for this purpose: teachers were instructed to use web graphic organizer as a tool for visualizing the text structure on the level of concrete cognitive operations. The results show the effect of using the web graphic organizer on students' competence to find out what in the science textbook text is important, on the level of text comprehension and on the competence of comparing new information with the previous knowledge.
Keywords: education, reading comprehension, science, textbooks, teacher training
Published in DKUM: 19.12.2017; Views: 1007; Downloads: 196
Full text (1,22 MB)
This document has many files! More...

Abstract: Last decade's technological development in the field of information technology has boosted the range of varieties of its use in the distance education and given new dimensions to this type of education. Distance learning nowadays is practised by several theory's, each differing from the other in its formal access, in the analyse of its teaching and learning materials, in its ways and range of counselling and the range of its communication with the participants, as well as in its didactic concept of preparing and forming learning materials, etc. Distance education is important criterion for new communication trends in education. Therefore it shall be covered more thoroughly in this work.
Keywords: education, didactics, distant learning, ICT, teacher training
Published in DKUM: 15.12.2017; Views: 1204; Downloads: 111
Full text (1,17 MB)
This document has many files! More...