1. A secure way of communication for smart grid networksPooja Tyagi, Saru Kumari, Mohammed J. F. Alenazi, Marko Hölbl, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: In 2021, Khan et al. suggested a scheme based on smart grid networks. They deployed the random oracle model to justify the security of their scheme formally. They also verified the security of the scheme using the AVISPA software tool. We studied this scheme and found some security issues. The scheme suffers from a confidentiality breach attack. In Khan et al.’s scheme, an adversary can track both the user and the server, and it does not provide user and server anonymity. An adversary can also impersonate a server. To overcome all these security issues, we propose a protocol for smart grid networks. In our proposed scheme, we maintain all the qualities of Khan et al.’s scheme and try to remove all its weaknesses.
Keywords: key agreement, smart grid, smart grid networks, user authentication
Published in DKUM: 01.12.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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2. IoT-based off-grid solar power supply : design, implementation, and case study of energy consumption control using forecasted solar irradiationMarijan Španer, Mitja Truntič, Darko Hercog, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: This article presents the development and implementation of an IoT-enabled, off-grid solar power supply prototype designed to power a range of electrical devices. The developed system comprises a Photovoltaic panel, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charger, a 2.5 kWh/24 V high-performance LiFePO4 battery bank with a Battery Management System, an embedded controller with IoT connectivity, and DC/DC and DC/AC converters. The PV panel serves as the primary energy source, with the MPPT controller optimizing battery charging, while the DC/DC and DC/AC converters supply power to the connected electrical devices. The article includes a case study of a developed platform for powering an information and advertising system. The system features a predictive energy management algorithm, which optimizes the appliance operation based on daily solar irradiance forecasts and real-time battery State-of-Charge monitoring. The IoT-enabled controller obtains solar irradiance forecasts from an online meteorological service via API calls and uses these data to estimate energy availability for the next day. Using this prediction, the system schedules and prioritizes the operations of connected electrical devices dynamically to optimize the performance and prevent critical battery discharge. The IoT-based controller is equipped with both Wi-Fi and an LTE modem, enabling communication with online services via wireless or cellular networks.
Keywords: energy consumption control, forecasted solar irradiation, power management, off-grid power supply, photovoltaic, solar, IoT, LTE, Wi-Fi, ESP32
Published in DKUM: 14.11.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 7
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3. Assessment of harmonic distortion in school buildings equipped with grid-connected PV systemsFranjo Pranjić, 2025, professional article Abstract: The integration of photovoltaic systems into power grids can impact power quality, particularly concerning voltage and current harmonics. This study investigates the power quality of a photovoltaic system integrated into the electrical system of an educational facility, focusing on harmonic distortion in both voltage and current. Comprehensive measurements were conducted across three phases and analysed according to the EN 50160 and IEEE 519 Standards. The results demonstrated that, while the voltage quality meets EN 50160 requirements consistently, indicating stable voltage levels, the current measurements revealed significant harmonic distortion. Notably, Phase 2 exhibited Total Harmonic Distortion values substantially above the acceptable limits, with Phase 1 and Phase 3 also showing elevated Total Harmonic Distortion. To address these issues, the study recommends the implementation of advanced harmonic filters and optimisation of inverter technologies. These measures are crucial for enhancing power quality, and ensuring compliance with the industry Standards in high photovoltaic penetration scenarios.
Keywords: power quality analysis, grid-connected PV systems, EN 50160 standard, IEEE 519 Standard, IEC 61000 standard, voltage harmonics, current harmonics, harmonic distortion, renewable energy integration, compliance assessment
Published in DKUM: 01.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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4. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations: a historical overview of engineering challengesFranc Mihalič, Mitja Truntič, Alenka Hren, 2022, review article Abstract: The design of modern industrial products is further improved through the hardware-inthe-loop (HIL) simulation. Realistic simulation is enabled by the closed loop between the hardware
under test (HUT) and real-time simulation. Such a system involves a field programmable gate array
(FPGA) and digital signal processor (DSP). An HIL model can bypass serious damage to the real
object, reduce debugging cost, and, finally, reduce the comprehensive effort during the testing. This
paper provides a historical overview of HIL simulations through different engineering challenges,
i.e., within automotive, power electronics systems, and different industrial drives. Various platforms,
such as National Instruments, dSPACE, Typhoon HIL, or MATLAB Simulink Real-Time toolboxes
and Speedgoat hardware systems, offer a powerful tool for efficient and successful investigations
in different fields. Therefore, HIL simulation practice must begin already during the university’s
education process to prepare the students for professional engagements in the industry, which was
also verified experimentally at the end of the paper.
Keywords: hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), controller-in-the-loop (CIL), power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL), electric drives, automotive, DC-DC converters, inverter systems, grid applications, railway systems
Published in DKUM: 07.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 12
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5. Efficient encoding and decoding of voxelized models for machine learning-based applicationsDamjan Strnad, Štefan Kohek, Borut Žalik, Libor Váša, Andrej Nerat, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Point clouds have become a popular training data for many practical applications of machine learning in the fields of environmental modeling and precision agriculture. In order to reduce high space requirements and the effect of noise in the data, point clouds are often transformed to a structured representation such as a voxel grid. Storing, transmitting and consuming voxelized geometry, however, remains a challenging problem for machine learning pipelines running on devices with limited amount of on-chip memory with low access latency. A viable solution is to store the data in a compact encoded format, and perform on-the-fly decoding when it is needed for processing. Such on-demand expansion must be fast in order to avoid introducing substantial additional delay to the pipeline. This can be achieved by parallel decoding, which is particularly suitable for massively parallel architecture of GPUs on which the majority of machine learning is currently executed. In this paper, we present such method for efficient and parallelizable encoding/decoding of voxelized geometry. The method employs multi-level context-aware prediction of voxel occupancy based on the extracted binary feature prediction table, and encodes the residual grid with a pointerless sparse voxel octree (PSVO). We particularly focused on encoding the datasets of voxelized trees, obtained from both synthetic tree models and LiDAR point clouds of real trees. The method achieved 15.6% and 12.8% reduction of storage size with respect to plain PSVO on synthetic and real dataset, respectively. We also tested the method on a general set of diverse voxelized objects, where an average 11% improvement of storage space was achieved.
Keywords: voxel grid, feature prediction, tree models, prediction-based encoding, key voxels, residuals, sparse voxel octree
Published in DKUM: 09.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 7
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6. Blockchain-Based Solution for Future Energy Management in Existing InfrastructureDalibor Igrec, Aleš Breznik, Amor Chowdhury, 2019, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: The paper presents a possible solution for implementing blockchain technology in smart grid systems. The proposed solution presents new and improved smart grid management and operational overview options to all parties involved in energy generation, distribution and consumption, without any required hardware modifications and installments. The paper concluded with possible socio-economic implications of such technology.
Keywords: blockchain, smart grid, energy management, prosumer, sustainability
Published in DKUM: 04.12.2023; Views: 370; Downloads: 55
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7. Energy consumption and grid interaction analysis of electric vehicles based on particle swarm optimisation methodKlemen Deželak, Klemen Sredenšek, Sebastijan Seme, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The widespread adoption of electric vehicles poses certain challenges to the distribution grid, which refers to the network of power lines, transformers, and other infrastructure that delivers electricity from power plants to consumers. This higher demand can strain the distribution grid, particularly in areas with a high concentration of electric vehicles. Grid operators need to ensure that the grid infrastructure can handle this additional load and prevent overloading and consequences in terms of additional losses. As part of the task, a methodology was developed for the assessment of the electricity consumption of battery electric vehicles in Slovenia. The approach used for the calculation includes the number of electric cars, average consumption, distance travelled and efficiency of the system. Additionally, the results of the modelling approach for an integrated distribution grid model in terms of steady-state simulations are presented. The regular situation of the power losses within the distribution grid is managed together with an optimal result. In this sense, an application of the particle swarm optimisation-based strategy is suggested to minimise reliance on grid systems.
Keywords: electric vehicles, distribution grid, optimisation, power losses
Published in DKUM: 10.10.2023; Views: 403; Downloads: 35
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8. Planiranje ustanovitve in razvoja podjetja z dejavnostjo inženiringa, trgovine in zastopništva v gradbeništvuBoris Pukšič, 2022, master's thesis Abstract: Vsako podjetje obstaja in izvršuje svojo vizijo in poslanstvo v edinstvenem poslovnem okolju. V tem poslovnem okolju nenehno nastaja, se razvija in nastaja veliko število dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na uspešnost podjetja. Zato so danes podjetja v zelo kompleksnem in zahtevnem položaju za poslovanje. Kljub temu pa se vsako podjetje trudi biti uspešno tako, da se osredotoča na ključne dejavnike v notranjem in zunanjem okolju podjetja. Naloga upraviteljev in vodij v podjetju je, da te dejavnike prepozna in usmeri podjetje v takšno smer, da bo kritične dejavnike izkoristilo v svoj prid ali pa se jim pravočasno izognilo.
V obdobju vedno hitrejšega tehnološkega razvoja, gospodarskih in zdravstvenih kriz, negotovosti vladnih politik, negativnih demografskih trendov, pomanjkanja surovin in delovne sile, visoke informacijske negotovosti in vse hitreje spreminjajočega okolja v katerih podjetja delujejo, je potrebnega vedno več znanja in vedno nove veščine, da bi se lahko hitro in ustrezno odzvali na spreminjajoče se zunanje dejavnike okolja, ki hkrati vplivajo na dejavnike znotraj podjetja. Med tem je najtežje predvideti prav zunanje dejavnike. Prav zaradi kompleksnosti zunanjega in notranjega okolja podjetja, kjer je težko zagotoviti kontinuirane dobičke brez stalnega iskanja novih priložnosti v nepredvidenem okolju, je planiranje ustanovitve in razvoja podjetja vedno bolj ključno za zagotavljanje obstanka, razvoja in rasti podjetja. Za uspešen obstanek in razvoj podjetja zato ni vedno dovolj le dobra ideja ali produkt, ampak tudi kakovostno planiranje ustanovitve in razvoja podjetja.
V teoretičnem delu magistrske naloge smo se lotili raziskave literature na področju politike podjetja in strateškega managementa na ravni katerih potekajo ključne faze planiranja ustanovitve in razvoja podjetja ter oblikovanje strategij. V tem delu smo predstavili tudi izbrane metode planiranja ustanovitve in razvoja na ravni politike podjetja in strateškega managementa, ki jih zagovarjajo različni avtorji in so najprimernejše za proučevanje izbranega podjetja. Magistrsko nalogo v nadaljevanju predstavlja praktični del, kjer teoretični del naloge nadgradimo z empiričnim delom na konkretnem primeru podjetja Boring d.o.o.. V tem delu magistrske naloge nam raziskava razkrije ugotovitve o resursih in zmožnosti podjetja, ugotovitve o ključnih dejavnikih zunanjega in notranjega okolja podjetja, ugotovitve o panogi v kateri bo proučevano podjetje poslovno delovalo ter ugotovimo katere strategije so primerne za proučevano podjetje. V sklepnem delu magistrske naloge podamo odgovor na zastavljeno raziskovalno vprašanje.
Keywords: planiranje ustanovitve, planiranje razvoja, politika podjetja, strateški managemet, strategije, SWOT, GRID, SNW, BCG, PEST, PESTEL, EFAS, IFAS, SFAS.
Published in DKUM: 06.06.2022; Views: 781; Downloads: 134
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9. CSS in sodobne tehnike postavitve spletnih straniKatja Nemec, 2018, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Diplomska naloga opisuje tehnike in postopke, ki se uporabljajo za postavitev spletnih strani. Prvi del govori o korakih, ki so potrebni za izdelavo postavitve končne spletne strani. Drugi del je namenjen podrobnemu spoznanju posameznih tehnik ter njihovih prednosti in slabosti. Osrednji tehniki, katerima v nalogi namenimo največji pomen, sta uporaba Flexible Box in Grid postavitvenega modula. Obe tehniki sta učinkoviti in rešujeta številne težave in pomanjkljivosti, ki so se pojavile pri starejših tehnikah za postavitev.
Keywords: Flexible box postavitveni modul, Grid postavitveni modul, postavitev spletne strani
Published in DKUM: 25.10.2018; Views: 1531; Downloads: 109
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10. Thermal regime of annual air temperature in Bosnia and HerzegovinaNusret Drešković, Ranko Mirić, 2017, original scientific article Abstract: Horizontal air temperature is defined by the value of the mean air temperature for a certain surface area unit. It is defined by the value of horizontal thermal gradient, i.e. the value of average change of horizontal temperature per unit area. In order to define the horizontal change of air temperature in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a GRID thermal model was constructed whose spatial resolution is 20 m. Based on obtained thermal model geo-database it was determined that the mean annual air temperature for the whole area of Bosnia and Herzegovina is about 10.9 °C, keeping in mind that there are significant thermal differences with respect to the two existing climate zones. More specifically, on the territory of the northern temperate climate zone the average annual temperature is about 9.7 °C, while in the Mediterranean climate zone the said value is 12.1 °C.
In this work, it was also found that thermal contrasts are very pronounced as well, due to the fact that average annual temperature in the highest mountain peak zones in southeastern Bosnian highlands is negative and is found to be -1.4 °C (Maglić peak), while at the Neum coastal zone it is measured at 15.9 °C. The above stated pronounced thermal contrasts are determined on a small horizontal distance, as a consequence of climactic position of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as highly pronounced terrain dynamics.
Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina, horizontal thermal gradient, GRID thermal model, climate zones, average annual air temperature
Published in DKUM: 17.04.2018; Views: 1689; Downloads: 172
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